scholarly journals Socioeconomic Challenges of California Strawberry Production and Disease Resistant Cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Guthman ◽  
Estelí Jiménez-Soto

Strawberries are the 4th highest grossing crop in California and supply 90% of US strawberries. But the industry's long reliance on the use of chemical fumigants to control soil disease, nematodes and weeds is being threatened by increased regulation of these fumigants, leading to urgent efforts to develop and test non-chemical alternatives to fumigation, such as disease resistant cultivars. Many of these technologies are promising ecologically, but making them economically viable for growers is more challenging, especially in light of the socioeconomic context of strawberry production in California that has created a state of lock-in for a sustainability transition. This paper discusses how the challenges of land prices, labor shortages, marketing standards, and low prices bear on cultivar selection. Based on qualitative interviews, we corroborate that strawberry growers operate under significant socioeconomic constraints in California, many of which are beyond their control. In addition, we find that most growers see high-yielding varieties as crucial to their economic viability with regard to land, labor, and marketing intermediaries and yet recognize that the focus on individual farm productivity works at cross purposes to the problem of poor prices. Disease resistant varieties do not at face value address the concerns voiced by most growers. Our findings suggest, however, that if some of the other pressures were exogenously mitigated, growers might be more inclined to experiment with and adopt disease resistant varieties, in combination with other approaches. The most promising policy avenues seem to therefore lie with support of grower revenues.

Author(s):  
N.V. Chevychelova ◽  
E.I. Sedykh ◽  
S.V. Zharkova ◽  
V.I. Leunov

Представлены результаты исследований производства семенного картофеля в условиях Алтайского края. Дана оценка отечественных сортов картофеля репродукции элита по производственным показателям и по фитосанитарному состоянию клубней к моменту их посадки. По каждому заболеванию, зафиксированному в Алтайском крае, выделены наиболее устойчивые сорта.The research findings on seed potato production in the Altai Region are discussed. The domestic potato varieties of elite reproduction are evaluated according to their production indices and phytosanitary condition of tubers at planting time. The most disease resistant varieties have been identified for each disease recorded in the Altai Region.


2021 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Vera Alekseevna Morkovina ◽  
Igor Nikolaevich Porsev ◽  
Valentina Vladimirovna Polovnikova ◽  
Mariya Valentinovna Karpova

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerba Daba ◽  
Kenny Helsen ◽  
Gezahegn Berecha ◽  
Bart Lievens ◽  
Adugna Debela ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikal Ghimire

Crop protection against pests and diseases is a major challenge in agriculture. Plant breeding is a key solution for the development of disease resistant cultivars. Gene editing is an indispensable part of plant breeding to obtain desirable traits in crops. CRISPR (Clustered Regular Interspaced Palindromic Repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR- associated protein) is a recent breakthrough in gene editing technology. It can be utilized to exploit defensive mechanism in plants against pathogen attack with recognition and degradation of the invading pathogenic genes by bacterial immune system. Advances in plant breeding with integration of CRISPR/Cas9 have facilitated the production of cultivars with heritable resistance to viral and bacterial disease. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genetically engineered resistance can be inherited to further generation of crops after segregation of Cas9/sgRNA transgene in F1 generation. The segregation of Cas9/sgRNA transgene prevents undesirable genome modification in successive generation and makes use of CRISPR/Cas9 safe in plant breeding. CRISPR/Cas9 proves itself as a fascinating tool to revolutionize plant breeding for the development of various disease resistant cultivars however, effects of CRISPR/Cas9 system on different physiological process of plants still needs to be studied.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 403-409


2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3472-3477
Author(s):  
Dan Luo ◽  
Xi Chun Zhang ◽  
Xiao Han Wen

Tomato late blight disease that infected by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary has already become one of the main obstacles that influence the tomato production. To resolve tomato late blight disease, cultivating the disease-resistant breed is importance. Based on the previous study, different introduced varieties were used as materials in this test for the identification and varieties selection of tomato resistant to late blight, by measuring the DIS of inoculated seedlings and detached leaves. It indicated that Jingle 502 and O-33-1 are possible to become resistant varieties to late blight or the parents for cultivating new disease resistant varieties.


HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 471a-471
Author(s):  
Michael K. Thornton ◽  
S. Krishna Mohan

Pathogen populations, disease development and onion yield were compared in solarized, fumigated and non-treated plots during 1992 and 1993. Soil solarization was accomplished by covering plots with clear plastic for six weeks beginning in mid-August, prior to the year of onion production. Solarization was also combined with metham sodium, a plied prior to covering with plastic. Soil temperatures reached a maximum of 48°C at the 10 cm depth in solarized plots, and were consistently 10 to 15°C higher than in non-solarized plots. Disease resistant (Bravo) and susceptible (Valdez) onion cultivars were planted the following spring. Only the solarization + metham sodium treatment significantly controlled pink root and plate rot in 1992. In 1993, all solarization and fumigation treatments controlled pink root. Solarization and fumigation did not significantly increase yield in comparison to the check, except for the solarization + metham sodium treatment in 1992. Bravo exhibited lower disease incidence than Valdez in both years of the study. Bravo produced 32.7 t/ha and 6.2 t/ha higher yield than Valdez in 1992 and 1993, respectively.


HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 927-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Fjellstrom ◽  
Paul H. Williams

Thirty-seven Brassica rapa L. and B. juncea L. lines from nine subspecies were tested for their reaction to two pathotypes of Fusarium yellows (Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f. sp. conglutinans (Wr.) Snyd. & Hans. race 1 and F.o. f. sp. raphani Kend. & Snyd. A subset of 16 lines from these same vegetable types were tested for their reaction to four strains of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV-C1, C2, C3, and C4). Resistance to both Fusarium pathotypes was widespread in these Brassica subspecies, whereas resistance to any strain of TuMV was uncommon. The broad availability of resistance to Fusarium yellows and scarcity of resistance to TuMV necessitate different approaches to obtain disease-resistant cultivars.


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