Authorization and Toxicity of Veterinary Drugs and Plant Protection Products: Residues of the Active Ingredients in Food and Feed and Toxicity Problems Related to Adjuvants

Spices are an important group of food products of great importance in nutrition and food technology. They are mainly used to shape the sensory properties of food in gastronomy, in home cooking, and in industry. Ensuring quality and safety is one of the basic tasks of spice producers. The aim of this review is to present the threats to the consumer related to the presence of spices and seasoning mixes in the diet. Therefore, special attention was paid to such risks as excess sodium chloride (and sodium) in spice mixtures, the use of additives influencing the sensory experience, and irregularities in the labeling of spices and seasoning mixes for the presence of additives and allergens. The threats regarding microbiological safety and the presence of heavy metals, pesticides, plant protection products, as well as synthetic fertilizers and undeclared additives are also presented and the issue of adulteration and lack of authenticity of spices and spice mixtures is discussed. Using data from IJHARS planned inspections and notifications registered in the EU Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) for 2015–2019, as well as the results of own research, an analysis of the risks caused by herbs and spices was carried out. Strategic activities of companies producing spices focus, among others, on improving production and expanding the commercial offer with new, attractive products. The article reviews product and process innovations in spice mixes and the methods of ensuring safety in this group of food products.

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SYNOPS 1.1: a model to assess and to compare the environmental risk potential of active ingredients in plant protection products

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment ◽

10.1016/s0167-8809(97)00037-6 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 181-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Volkmar Gutsche ◽

Dietmar Rossberg

Keyword(s):

Environmental Risk ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Plant Protection Products ◽

Active Ingredients ◽

Risk Potential

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Safety of imported agricultural products: pesticide residues

Health Care of the Russian Federation ◽

10.46563/0044-197x-2020-64-3-150-157 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 150-157

Author(s):

Valeriy N. Rakitskii ◽

Ngoc Hai Doan ◽

Nataliya E. Fedorova ◽

Irina V. Bereznyak ◽

Van Tung Lo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Protection ◽

Food Products ◽

Plant Protection Products ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Active Ingredients ◽

Socialist Republic ◽

National Monitoring ◽

Dragon Fruit ◽

Residues Determination

Introduction. From the evaluation of the positions of residual quantities of pesticides, the hygienic safety assessment of imported food products is most relevant under the current agreement on a free trade zone between the EAEU and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, as well as in connection with a large list of chemical plant protection products used during the vegetation of crops. The purpose of the study. Rating the level of residual quantities of pesticides in samples of selected food products produced in Vietnam is the purpose of the study. Research objectives. To quantify 42 active ingredients of pesticides (and their metabolites) in samples of rice grain, dragon fruit (pitahaya), avocado, mango and banana (fresh and dried) are the research objectives. Material and methods. Multicomponent and individual methods based on LC and GC with MS-detection and FLD were used to identify active ingredients of pesticides. The sample preparation procedure with QuEChERS technology was used for the multi residues determination of the 40 compounds. The determination of avermectins (abamectin and emamectin benzoate) was carried out after the conversion of substances into fluorogenic derivatives. Results. Residual amounts of tebuconazole (rice - 0.53 ppm, mangoes - 0.26 ppm, avocado - 0.15 ppm), fludioxonil (rice - 0.017 ppm), imidacloprid (dried mangoes - 0.01 ppm), carbendazim (dried mangoes - 0.011 ppm) were identified in single samples No residual avermectins have been identified. The content of substances in the analyzed samples of dragon fruit (pitahaya) did not exceed 0.01 ppm. Discussion. The results obtained in the work are compared with the data of the annual pan-European and national monitoring, information on which is publicly available (2017), including imported goods, according to which rice and dragon fruits as objects of monitoring are given increased attention. Conclusions. The safety of certain types of food products imported from Vietnam is shown by the content of residual quantities of pesticides.

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Validation of immunoenzymatic tests for the detection of aflatoxin present in food

Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke ◽

10.2298/zmspn1324037k ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 37-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Irena Kirilov ◽

Gordana Djokic ◽

Sasa Popov

Keyword(s):

Reference Materials ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Plant Protection Products ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Food And Feed ◽

Residue Levels

The significance of this study is reflected in proving the reliability of the ELISA test for the detection of aflatoxin in food and feed. Verification tests were based on the use of reference materials with known concentrations of aflatoxins, contamination of samples by adding known concentrations of analyte and participation in inter-laboratory studies, by different perpetrators and different laboratories. By measuring the known con?centrations of analytes it was proved that aflatoxins, in the selected samples, were determined in accordance with the requirements defined for a given method, and it was demonstrated that it is possible to determine the level / concentration of mycotoxins in relation to the MRL defined by the Regulation on amendments to the Ordinance on the maximum allowable residue levels of pesticides in food and feed and feed and feed for which maximum allowed quantities of residues of plant protection products (Sluzbeni Glasnik RS broj 28/2011 clan 2. prilog 5. tacka 2).

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Comparative cytotoxicity of plant protection products and their active ingredients

Toxicology in Vitro ◽

10.1016/j.tiv.2018.10.020 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 354-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sarah Adler-Flindt ◽

Sabine Martin

Keyword(s):

Plant Protection ◽

Plant Protection Products ◽

Active Ingredients

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Disappearance of Azoxystrobin, Cyprodinil, and Fludioxonil Residues on Tomato Leaves in a Greenhouse

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.2478/v10045-009-0030-4 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 204-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ewa Szpyrka ◽

Stanisław Sadło

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Plant Protection Products ◽

Active Ingredients ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Fungicide Application ◽

Infection Pressure ◽

High Infection

Disappearance of Azoxystrobin, Cyprodinil, and Fludioxonil Residues on Tomato Leaves in a GreenhouseThe objective of this work was to estimate the disappearance parameters of azoxystrobin, cyprodinil and fludioxonil initial deposits, active ingredients of Amistar 250 SC, and Switch 62,5 WG, at present, commonly used for the protection of fruits and vegetables against diseases of fungal origin. The tests were carried out on tomato plants grown in commercial greenhouses sprayed with homogenous 0.1% aqueous solution of these plant protection products. It was found that on tomato leaves azoxystrobin, cyprodinil, and fludioxonil residues dropped by half on average within 13, 9, and 31 days after treatments, respectively. Therefore, in conditions of high infection pressure, there is a need to repeat the fungicide application but not earlier than 10 days after previous application of Amistar 250 SC and Switch 62,5 WG.

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