scholarly journals Spices and Seasoning Mixes in European Union—Innovations and Ensuring Safety

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2289
Author(s):  
Maria Śmiechowska ◽  
Joanna Newerli-Guz ◽  
Magdalena Skotnicka
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Home Cooking ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizers ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Eu

Spices are an important group of food products of great importance in nutrition and food technology. They are mainly used to shape the sensory properties of food in gastronomy, in home cooking, and in industry. Ensuring quality and safety is one of the basic tasks of spice producers. The aim of this review is to present the threats to the consumer related to the presence of spices and seasoning mixes in the diet. Therefore, special attention was paid to such risks as excess sodium chloride (and sodium) in spice mixtures, the use of additives influencing the sensory experience, and irregularities in the labeling of spices and seasoning mixes for the presence of additives and allergens. The threats regarding microbiological safety and the presence of heavy metals, pesticides, plant protection products, as well as synthetic fertilizers and undeclared additives are also presented and the issue of adulteration and lack of authenticity of spices and spice mixtures is discussed. Using data from IJHARS planned inspections and notifications registered in the EU Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) for 2015–2019, as well as the results of own research, an analysis of the risks caused by herbs and spices was carried out. Strategic activities of companies producing spices focus, among others, on improving production and expanding the commercial offer with new, attractive products. The article reviews product and process innovations in spice mixes and the methods of ensuring safety in this group of food products.

scholarly journals Zmiany wartości zużytych nawozów i środków ochrony roślin w krajach Unii Europejskiej w latach 2010-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 20(35) (1) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Zalewski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Intermediate Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Means Of Production ◽  
The Given ◽  
Clear Increase ◽  
Ward Method ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Means Of Production

Currently, agricultural means of production are of great importance in agribusiness, in particular mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products. The article attempts to present and compare changes in the value of used fertilizers and plant protection products in European Union countries in 2010-2018. Changes in the value of used fertilizers and plant protection products per 1 ha of UAA and changes in the share of these means of production in intermediate consumption were examined. It was found that the value of used fertilizers and plant protection products per 1 ha of UAA increased on average in the EU. Their share in intermediate consumption also increased. As a result of grouping objects using the Ward method, 4 clusters of countries were obtained, which differed in terms of the proposed features, while the countries that created the given cluster were characterized by similar values of variables. The countries where both a clear increase in the value of used fertilizers and plant protection products per unit area as well as a significant increase in their value in intermediate consumption were observed: Lithuania, Bulgaria and Estonia. However, a decline in demand for the discussed means of production occurred in Belgium, Croatia, Slovenia, Denmark, Finland and Portugal.

scholarly journals Basic and low-risk substances under European Union pesticide regulations: a new choice for biorational portfolios of small and medium-sized enterprises

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice A. Marchand
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Basic Substance ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
First Results ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Directive 2009/128/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 established a framework for Community action to bring about the sustainable use of pesticides and encourage low concern biorationals. Basic substances described in article 23 of EC phytopharmaceutical Regulation No 1107/2009 consist of a new operative category for crop protection products with 16 substances approved so far. Another status, ruled by article 22 is also operative with 11 approved low-risk substances (see EU pesticide database). Now small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have the opportunity to register biorationals at the EU level in one of the two categories. Our institute previously provided technical expertise on how to complete the Basic Substance Application (BSA), together with a description of first results. However it is clear that there is a need for a shorter survey of the two parallel procedures for SMEs. Here we provide a concise sequence of the necessary steps for SMEs, including strategic approach, a rapid steps description, a timeframe for the global pathway, up to the final step, after approval by the Plants, Animals, Food and Feed Standing Committee (PAFF). We present in detail the advantages and limitations of the two statutes. The introduction of approved substances into organic farming is also discussed. Currently basic and low-risk substance pathways are now accessible for biorationals handled by SMEs. Therefore, the option is open for SMEs to seek a possibly low-risk active substances endorsement with market authorizations or a basic substance approval with no plant protection product claims depending on the selected strategy.

scholarly journals Current Problems and Tasks of Forest Protection in Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Skrzecz ◽  
Aldona Perlińska
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Pest Insects ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Current problems of forest protection concern the declining health of forest stands due to climate change and the resulting extreme weather events such as heat waves, droughts, hurricane winds, heavy rainfalls and floods. Repeated impacts of these factors increase susceptibility of forest stands to pest insects and fungal pathogens. Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] H. Karst) is sensitive to high air temperatures and water shortage. Long lasting droughts during the last two decades, have been one of the reasons behind Norway spruce dieback due to severe outbreak of European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) in the mountainous regions of southern Poland. In the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands, water balance disorders have enhanced the colonization of weekend trees by steelblue jewel beetle Phaenops cyanea (F.) and engraver beetle Ips acuminatus (Gyll.), as well as contributed to the spread of fungal diseases caused by Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) Cenangium ferruginosum Fr. and Sphaeropsis sapinea Fr. fungi. Water related stress leads to weakening of oak stands, which are attacked by Agrilus spp. beetles and pathogens from the genus Phytophthora. It is possible that long lasting droughts initiated the spread of infectious ash disease caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (= Chalara fraxinea), which resulted in the epidemic of ash dieback throughout Europe. Until recently, the use of plant protection products was the most common method of forest protection against pest insects and pathogens. Poland’s accession to the European Union has affected the marketing and use of plant protection products in the country. The implementation of the EU legislation (Directive 91/414/EEC, Directive 2009/128/ EC and Regulation No 1107/2009) has resulted in decreased assortment of pesticides registered for the protection of forests. High costs and long registration process considerably limited the interest of producers in placing the plant protection products on the market. Systematic decrease in the number of plant protection products possible to register for use in forestry, as well as the principles of integrated plant protection established in the EU in 2014 call for seeking plant protection methods based on the natural enemies of pests, such as pathogenic microorganisms, parasites and predators. Therefore, contemporary forest protection requires the advancement of integrated methods for pest insect and disease control through developing methods of forecasting forest dangers, the use of natural enemies and agro-technical methods for regulation of pests, as well as the development of decision support systems as a tool facilitating introduction of integrated forest protection principles. Such support systems help to establish optimal terms for the implementation of protection measures, so as to increase their efficiency while limiting the use of chemical pesticides to an absolute minimum.

scholarly journals Case C-616/17 Blaise and Others: The precautionary principle and its role in judicial review – Glyphosate and the regulatory framework for pesticides

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-542
Author(s):  
Sabrina Röttger-Wirtz
Keyword(s):  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Reference Procedure ◽  
The Precautionary Principle ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
The Eu

The approval renewal of glyphosate as an active substance for pesticides in the EU has also kept the Court of Justice occupied. Within this line of case law, the Blaise case is the most recent one. In this preliminary reference procedure the Court was asked to review the validity of the Plant Protection Products Regulation 1107/2009, examined against the precautionary principle as benchmark. The case is relevant not only for the questions raised about the Regulation, but also as it sheds a light on the – albeit limited – use of the precautionary principle in the judicial review of EU legislative measure.

scholarly journals The role of the European Food Safety Authority in the active substance approval and renewal procedures within the EU pesticide policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (90) ◽  
pp. 165-187
Author(s):  
Slađana Mladenović
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
European Food Safety Authority ◽  
Scientific Quality ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Eu

The EU decentralised agencies are involved in various sectorial EU policies and related composite procedures. One of the agencies, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), has a prominent role in the composite procedures within the EU pesticide policy - the active substance approval and renewal procedures. These procedures represent the initial steps in the complex administrative process of placing on the market and control of use of plant protection products. The procedures are arranged under the linear risk analysis model within which the scientific risk assessment is performed by Member States and the EFSA, while the political risk management is performed by the Commission and Member States in the comitology procedure. After a brief analysis of the key stages and outcomes of the procedures, the paper discusses two topics. The first relates to the properties of three key aspects of the EFSA's role in the procedures: 1) involvement in adopting guidance documents; 2) publishing appropriate documents and deciding on confidentiality requests; and 3) preparing and submitting the conclusion, its main scientific output related to active substance. The second topic includes five elements of confidence in the EFSA regarding the course and outcome of the procedure: efficiency, independence, transparency, high scientific quality and effective risk communication. The paper discusses the properties of the elements, the main identified challenges associated with them, as well as ongoing and future responses to these challenges, especially those introduced by the Transparency Regulation, adopted in 2019 and applicable from 27 March 2021.

scholarly journals Safety of imported agricultural products: pesticide residues

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
Valeriy N. Rakitskii ◽  
Ngoc Hai Doan ◽  
Nataliya E. Fedorova ◽  
Irina V. Bereznyak ◽  
Van Tung Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
National Monitoring ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Residues Determination

Introduction. From the evaluation of the positions of residual quantities of pesticides, the hygienic safety assessment of imported food products is most relevant under the current agreement on a free trade zone between the EAEU and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, as well as in connection with a large list of chemical plant protection products used during the vegetation of crops. The purpose of the study. Rating the level of residual quantities of pesticides in samples of selected food products produced in Vietnam is the purpose of the study. Research objectives. To quantify 42 active ingredients of pesticides (and their metabolites) in samples of rice grain, dragon fruit (pitahaya), avocado, mango and banana (fresh and dried) are the research objectives. Material and methods. Multicomponent and individual methods based on LC and GC with MS-detection and FLD were used to identify active ingredients of pesticides. The sample preparation procedure with QuEChERS technology was used for the multi residues determination of the 40 compounds. The determination of avermectins (abamectin and emamectin benzoate) was carried out after the conversion of substances into fluorogenic derivatives. Results. Residual amounts of tebuconazole (rice - 0.53 ppm, mangoes - 0.26 ppm, avocado - 0.15 ppm), fludioxonil (rice - 0.017 ppm), imidacloprid (dried mangoes - 0.01 ppm), carbendazim (dried mangoes - 0.011 ppm) were identified in single samples No residual avermectins have been identified. The content of substances in the analyzed samples of dragon fruit (pitahaya) did not exceed 0.01 ppm. Discussion. The results obtained in the work are compared with the data of the annual pan-European and national monitoring, information on which is publicly available (2017), including imported goods, according to which rice and dragon fruits as objects of monitoring are given increased attention. Conclusions. The safety of certain types of food products imported from Vietnam is shown by the content of residual quantities of pesticides.

scholarly journals Validation of immunoenzymatic tests for the detection of aflatoxin present in food

2013 ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Kirilov ◽  
Gordana Djokic ◽  
Sasa Popov
Keyword(s):  
Reference Materials ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Residue Levels

The significance of this study is reflected in proving the reliability of the ELISA test for the detection of aflatoxin in food and feed. Verification tests were based on the use of reference materials with known concentrations of aflatoxins, contamination of samples by adding known concentrations of analyte and participation in inter-laboratory studies, by different perpetrators and different laboratories. By measuring the known con?centrations of analytes it was proved that aflatoxins, in the selected samples, were determined in accordance with the requirements defined for a given method, and it was demonstrated that it is possible to determine the level / concentration of mycotoxins in relation to the MRL defined by the Regulation on amendments to the Ordinance on the maximum allowable residue levels of pesticides in food and feed and feed and feed for which maximum allowed quantities of residues of plant protection products (Sluzbeni Glasnik RS broj 28/2011 clan 2. prilog 5. tacka 2).

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