scholarly journals Seroepidemiology of Aino Virus in Farmed and Free-Ranging Cervids in the Republic of Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Yong Yeh ◽  
Yun Ji Ga
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Free Ranging

Aino virus is an infectious, non-contagious, vector-borne agent that has been implicated in arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly syndrome in newborn cattle, sheep, and goats. Information about reservoirs and host animal species susceptible to Aino virus remains unclear. To further explore the role of cervids in Aino virus infection transmission, we investigated cervid sera to determine the prevalence of Aino virus-neutralizing antibodies and to identify factors correlated with antibody positivity. We screened cervid serum samples collected in the Republic of Korea to better understand infection patterns in this animal species. Overall, Aino virus infection was widespread; 75 of 716 (10.5%, 95% [95% CI] = 8.4–13.4) farmed-cervid serum samples collected from 292 herds contained antibodies to Aino virus. Serological evidence of Aino virus infection was demonstrated in 5 of 43 free-ranging cervids, accounting for a prevalence rate of ~11.6% (95% CI = 4.6–26.4). Our results revealed that age class and geographic location affected seroprevalence. The main risk factors associated with Aino virus seroprevalence were older age (> 2 years old, OR = 2.221, 95% CI = 1.209–4.079, P = 0.009 in adults), southern provinces (OR = 2.432, 95% CI = 1.445–4.093, P = 0.001), and western provinces (OR = 1.905, 95% CI = 1.041–3.488, P = 0.034). The results in this study suggest that cervid species might serve as important hosts for the transmission of Aino virus, highlighting the need for careful monitoring of Aino virus infections in cervids.

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin A Antibody Responses in Dengue Patients: a Useful Marker for Serodiagnosis of Dengue Virus Infection

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1235-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nawa ◽  
T. Takasaki ◽  
M. Ito ◽  
S. Inoue ◽  
K. Morita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
Antibody Capture

ABSTRACT We determined the usefulness of an immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of dengue virus infections. The results indicate that the presence of IgA and IgM in serum samples assures recent primary dengue virus infection even with a single serum sample.

scholarly journals Artificial Receptors in Serologic Tests for the Early Diagnosis of Dengue Virus Infection

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1486-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dar-Fu Tai ◽  
Chung-Yin Lin ◽  
Tzong-Zeng Wu ◽  
Jyh-Hsiung Huang ◽  
Pei-Yun Shu
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Artificial Receptors ◽  
Nonstructural Protein 1 ◽  
Sensitive Sensor

Abstract Background: Because of the range and nonspecificity of clinical presentations of dengue virus infections, we felt there was a need to create diagnostic tests. We used artificial receptors for the virus to develop serologic assays to detect dengue virus infection. Methods: We coated a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) with molecularly imprinted polymers specific for nonstructural protein 1 of flavivirus. These artificial receptors were specifically created on a QCM chip by polymerization of monomers and were cross-linked in the presence of the epitope site of nonstructural protein 1. We tested serum samples from patients with confirmed cases of dengue reported to the Center for Disease Control in Taipei. Samples were diluted 100-fold; no other sample pretreatment was used. The QCM response was compared with results of monoclonal ELISA. Results: QCM signals were >15 Hz in 18 of 21 (86%) of dengue samples and in 0 of 16 control samples. The correlation (r2) of the QCM response and the ELISA result was 0.73. Within-run and run-to-run imprecisions (CV) were 4%–28% and 10%–32%, respectively. Conclusions: The described assay offers a serologic technique for diagnosis of early viremia. The results illustrate the potential of well-organized polymers on the highly sensitive sensor system for diagnostic and biotechnological applications.

scholarly journals Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies Using a Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Possessing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Tani ◽  
Long Tan ◽  
Miyuki Kimura ◽  
Yoshihiro Yoshida ◽  
Hiroshi Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Pseudotyped Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

Abstract Background:SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that emerged in 2019 and is now classified in the genus Coronavirus with closely related SARS-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 is highly pathogenic in humans and is classified as a biosafety level (BSL)-3 pathogen, which makes manipulating it relatively difficult due to its infectious nature. Methods:To circumvent the need for BSL-3 laboratories, an alternative assay was developed that avoids live virus and instead uses a recombinant VSV expressing luciferase and possesses the full length or truncated spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, to measure SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies under BSL2 conditions, a chemiluminescence reduction neutralization test (CRNT) for SARS-CoV-2 was developed. The neutralization values of the serum samples collected from hospitalized patients with COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negative donors against the pseudotyped virus infection evaluated by the CRNT were compared with antibody titers determined from an immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Results:The CRNT, which used whole blood collected from hospitalized patients with COVID-19, was also examined. As a result, the inhibition of pseudotyped virus infection was specifically observed in both serum and whole blood and was also correlated with the results of the IFA. Conclusions:In conclusion, the CRNT for COVID-19 is a convenient assay system that can be performed in a BSL-2 laboratory with high specificity and sensitivity for evaluating the occurrence of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Prospective Study To Determine Accuracy of Rapid Serological Assays for Diagnosis of Acute Dengue Virus Infection in Laos

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1458-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart D. Blacksell ◽  
David Bell ◽  
James Kelley ◽  
Mammen P. Mammen ◽  
Robert V. Gibbons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Resource Setting

ABSTRACT There is an urgent need for accurate and simple dengue virus infection diagnostic assays in limited-resource settings of dengue endemicity, to assist patient management. Using a panel of reference samples (S. D. Blacksell, P. N. Newton, D. Bell, J. Kelley, M. P. Mammen, D. W. Vaughn, V. Wuthiekanun, A. Sungkakum, A. Nisalak, and N. P. Day, Clin. Infect. Dis. 42:1127-1134, 2006), we recently evaluated eihgt commercially available immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) designed to detect dengue virus-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and/or IgG. We found that 6/8 RDTs had sensitivities of less than 50% (range, 6 to 65%), but specificities were generally high. Here, in conjuction with dengue virus serotyping by reverse transcriptase PCR and in the limited-resource setting of Laos, where dengue virus is endemic, we evaluated the same eight RDTs against a previously validated dengue IgM/IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of acute dengue virus infection. Paired serum samples were collected from 87 patients, of whom 38 had confirmed dengue virus infections (4 had primary infections, 33 had secondary infections, and 1 had an infection of indeterminate status). RDT sensitivity was low, with 7/8 RDTs having admission sample sensitivities of less than 20% (range, 4 to 26%). The majority (6/8) of the RDTs, demonstrated high specificity (>95%). Kappa statistic values ranged from 6 to 54% for the RDTs, demonstrating poor to moderate variation between three operators. No RDT adequately differentiated between primary and secondary dengue virus infections. The findings of this study suggest that currently available RDTs based on the detection of IgM antibodies for the diagnosis of acute dengue virus infections are unlikely to be useful for patient management.

scholarly journals Dengue Patients Exhibit Higher Levels of PrM and E Antibodies Than Their Asymptomatic Counterparts

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeline Syin Lian Yeo ◽  
Anusyah Rathakrishnan ◽  
Seok Mui Wang ◽  
Sasheela Ponnampalavanar ◽  
Rishya Manikam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
E Protein ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

Dengue virus infection is a common tropical disease which often occurs without being detected. These asymptomatic cases provide information in relation to the manifestation of immunological aspects. In this study, we developed an ELISA method to compare neutralizing effects of dengue prM and E antibodies between dengue patients and their asymptomatic household members. Recombinant D2 premembrane (prM) was constructed, cloned, and tested for antigenicity. The recombinant protein was purified and tested with controls by using an indirect ELISA method. Positive dengue serum samples with their asymptomatic pair were then carried out onto the developed ELISA. In addition, commercially available recombinant envelope (E) protein was used to develop an ELISA which was tested with the same set of serum samples in the prM ELISA. Asymptomatic individuals showed preexisting heterotypic neutralizing antibodies. The recombinant prM was antigenically reactive in the developed ELISA. Dengue patients had higher prM and E antibodies compared to their household members. Our study highlights the neutralizing antibodies levels with respect to dengue prM and E between dengue patients and asymptomatic individuals.

Influence of Fine Particulate Dust Particulate Matter 10 on Respiratory Virus Infection in the Republic of Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-459
Author(s):  
Ji Min Cheon ◽  
Yun Jun Yang ◽  
Yeong Sook Yoon ◽  
Eon Sook Lee ◽  
Jun Hyung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infection ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Dust Particulate

scholarly journals Pathogens with potential impact on reproduction in captive and free-ranging European bison (Bison bonasus) in Poland - a serological survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Didkowska ◽  
Daniel Klich ◽  
Anna Hapanowicz ◽  
Blanka Orłowska ◽  
Marta Gałązka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Bison Bonasus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Free Ranging

Abstract Background The European bison is an endangered species, and as such it is extremely important to monitor herds for pathogens which can lead to reproductive failure. The aim of the present study was to determine the current prevalence of antibodies to pathogens known to potentially influence reproduction in European bison. Serum samples from 183 bison, originating from different parts of Poland, were tested using commercial ELISA tests for antibodies to Chlamydia spp., Coxiella burnetti, Leptospira interrogans, Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii; the findings were compared between captive and main free-ranging herds, and with regard to the influence of demographic factors such as age and sex. The prevalence of seropositivity was also checked with regard to location and the animal species sharing it. Results Chlamydia spp. antibodies were present in 48 out of 130 (36.9%) tested samples. Coxiella burnetii was found in one sample out of 178 (0.58%). N. caninum in 36 out of 172 (20.9%) and T. gondii in 23 out of 172 (13.4%). No sample was positive for leptospirosis. Neither sex nor age appeared to have a significant effect on the occurrence of antibodies to the identified species. The prevalence of Chlamydia spp. in the samples varied significantly according to location; however, similar frequency ranges were observed between free ranging and captive herds. In contrast, antibodies to N. caninum were more common in free-ranging herds than captive herds, with the highest frequency observed in the Bieszczady Mountains. Conclusions Chlamydia spp., N. caninum and T. gondii might have a similar impact on the reproductive potential of European bison as they have on cattle. The high occurrence of antibodies to N. caninum in bison from the Bieszczady Mountains may be associated with the relatively high density of the wolf population in the area.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of some arthropod-transmitted diseases in cattle and sheep in Jordan

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-205
Author(s):  
Zaidoun S. Hijazeen ◽  
Zuhair Bani Ismail ◽  
Ahmad M. Al-Majali
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Factors Associated

Aim: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of bluetongue virus (BTV) in sheep and bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) in dairy cattle in Jordan. Materials and Methods: A simple randomized study was designed to collect 600 serum samples from sheep and 300 serum samples from dairy cattle located in the Northwestern parts of Jordan. In addition, data regarding farm management were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire through personal interview to determine potential risk factors. The seroprevalences of BEF and BTVs were determined using serum neutralization test and BTV group-specific competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Results: The overall seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies against BEFV in dairy cattle was 45.37%. The overall seroprevalence of BTV group-specific antibodies in sheep was 47.8% (54% true seroprevalence). Logistic regression analysis identified geographic location (Irbid) (odds ratio [OR]=1.0; confidence interval [CI]=0.5-2.1), no use of disinfectants on the farm (OR=1.0; CI=0.05-0.1), and lack of veterinary services (OR=10; CI=3.5-13.2) as risk factors associated with high seropositivity against BTV in sheep. Geographic location (Jarash) (OR=3; CI=1.0-5.5), age of the animal (1-2 years of age (OR=1; CI=0.3-1.9), and lack of veterinary services (OR=9; CI=4-11) were identified as risk factors associated with high seroprevalence against BEFV in dairy cattle. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that BEFV in dairy cattle and BTV in sheep are endemic in Northwestern regions of Jordan. Implementation of appropriate control measures is, therefore, required to reduce the adverse effects of these diseases on animal health and productivity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document