scholarly journals The Short Form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale in Post-operative Analgesia Studies in Dogs: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Testa ◽  
Jacqueline Reid ◽  
Marian E. Scott ◽  
Pamela J. Murison ◽  
Andrew M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pain ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Short Form ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Type I ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Intervention Level

The measurement and treatment of acute pain in animals is essential from a welfare perspective. Valid pain-related outcome measures are also crucial for ensuring reliable and translatable findings in veterinary clinical trials. The short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF) is a multi-item behavioral pain assessment tool, developed and validated using a psychometric approach, to measure acute pain in the dog. Here we conduct a scoping review to identify prospective research studies that have used the CMPS-SF. We aim to describe the contexts in which it has been used, verify the correct use of the scale, and examine whether these studies are well-designed and adequately powered. We identify 114 eligible studies, indicating widespread use of the scale. We also document a limited number of modifications to the scale and intervention level, which would alter its validity. A variety of methods, with no consensus, were used to analyse data derived from the scale. However, we also find many deficiencies in reporting of experimental design in terms of the observers used, the underlying hypothesis of the research, the statement of primary outcome, and the use of a priori sample size calculations. These deficiencies may predispose to both type I and type II statistical errors in the small animal pain literature. We recommend more robust use of the scale and derived data to ensure success of future studies using the tool ensuring reliable and translatable outcomes.

scholarly journals Postoperative analgesic effects of Reiki therapy in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Pacheco ◽  
Marina Marangoni ◽  
Evandro de Oliveira Rodrigues ◽  
Karine de Oliveira Marques Pacheco ◽  
Gabrielle Coelho Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Preoperative Period ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Anesthetic Induction ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Preanesthetic Medication ◽  
Vas Scores

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Reiki therapy on postoperative pain in bitches undergoing elective minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy (OVH). Thirty bitches were randomly assigned to three groups: Control, Placebo, or Reiki. All dogs received methadone as preanesthetic medication (PAM), meloxicam in the preoperative period, propofol for anesthetic induction, and isoflurane for anesthetic maintenance. Immediately after OVH, the dogs in the Reiki were submitted to a single session of Reiki therapy, dogs in the Placebo received simulated Reiki therapy from a non-therapist, and dogs in the Control received no treatment. All dogs were evaluated for pain using short-form Glasgow composite measure pain scale (CMPS-SF) and visual analog scale (VAS) before (M0) and 2 (M2), 4 (M4), 8 (M8), 12 (M12), and 24 hours (M24) after administration of PAM. Comparing the CMPS-SF scores between the groups, at M2 Reiki scores were lower than those of the Placebo and at M4 those in the Reiki were lower than those of the Control or Placebo groups. Comparing the VAS scores, at M4 and M8, Reiki scores were lower than those of the Control or Placebo groups. Additional analgesia (morphine 0.2 mg.kg-1 intramuscularly) was administered to three bitches in Control and to four bitches of the Placebo. Reiki did not require additional opioid analgesia in the postoperative period. It was concluded that Reiki therapy provided analgesic effect and contributed to improve postoperative comfort of bitches submitted to elective OVH.

scholarly journals The need for opioid in the postoperative analgesia of dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy due to intervertebral disc extrusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dênis A. Ferrarin ◽  
Marcelo L. Schwab ◽  
Mathias R. Wrzesinski ◽  
Angel Ripplinger ◽  
Júlia S. Rauber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Group I ◽  
Disc Extrusion

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative analgesic effect of protocols with and without the opioid methadone in dogs with intervertebral disc extrusion undergoing decompressive surgery. Sixteen paraplegic dogs with preserved nociception underwent hemilaminectomy/disc fenestration and were randomly assigned to two groups. The analgesic protocol consisted of methadone, meloxicam and dipyrone in Group I (G1), and meloxicam and dipyrone in Group II (G2). The animals were blindly assessed by two observers, using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the short-form Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF). Assessments occurred every 2 hours during first 24 hours post-surgery, and every 4 hours afterwards. There was no statistical difference among groups regarding pain scores or analgesic rescues. Both analgesic protocols provided analgesia in the initial 48 hours postoperatively, demonstrating that opioids are not necessary in the postoperative period of dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy and disc fenestration.

Comparison of Morphine, Morphine-Lidocaine, and Morphine-Lidocaine-Ketamine Infusions in Dogs Using an Incision-Induced Pain Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovica Chiavaccini ◽  
Andrew K. Claude ◽  
Robert E. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Pain Model ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Von Frey Filaments

ABSTRACT We aimed to compare antinociceptive effects of IV infusions of morphine (M), morphine-lidocaine (ML), or morphine-lidocaine-ketamine (MLK) combined, in a mild-to-moderate pain model in dogs. Eighteen adult hounds were heavily sedated with IV morphine (0.2 mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine to undergo thoracic skin incisions. After reversal, dogs were randomly assigned to receive loading doses of lidocaine and ketamine (MLK), lidocaine and saline (ML), or equivalent volume of saline (M), followed by 18 hr constant infusions of morphine (0.12 mg/kg/hr), lidocaine (3 mg/kg/hr) and ketamine (0.6 mg/kg/hr); morphine (0.12 mg/kg/hr) and lidocaine (3 mg/kg/hr); or morphine (0.12 mg/kg/hr), respectively. Pain was assessed with Short Form Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale and mechanical nociception with von Frey filaments (VFFS). Data were analyzed with linear mixed model on ranks. Independently of treatment, Short Form Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale was significantly higher than baseline for 24 hr (p < .0001), while VFFS was significantly lower than baseline for 48 hr post-recovery (p < .0001), with no difference between MLK and M groups. The ML group recorded significantly lower VFFS (p = .02) than the M group for the entire study. In conclusion, there was no significant analgesic difference between MLK and M alone.

scholarly journals Definitive Glasgow acute pain scale for cats: validation and intervention level

2017 ◽  
Vol 180 (18) ◽  
pp. 449.2-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Reid ◽  
E. M. Scott ◽  
G. Calvo ◽  
A. M. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pain ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Intervention Level

Use of mechanical thresholds in a model of feline clinical acute pain and their correlation with the Glasgow Feline Composite Measure Pain Scale scores

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110350
Author(s):  
Daniel Nicholls ◽  
Molly Merchant-Walsh ◽  
Jerry Dunne ◽  
Natalia Parrilla Cortellini ◽  
Chiara Adami
Keyword(s):  
Small Animal ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Surgical Pain ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Correlation Statistics ◽  
Mechanical Thresholds

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of mechanical thresholds (MT), measured with the SMALGO (Small Animal ALGOmeter), and to determine whether there was a correlation between MT and Glasgow Feline Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS–Feline) scores in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Methods Client-owned cats undergoing flank ovariohysterectomy were recruited. Pain scores for the pre- and postoperative periods were obtained using the CMPS-Feline in each cat by two independent investigators (A and B). Following CMPS–Feline scoring, MT were measured with the SMALGO, in the surgical area, pre- and postoperatively, only by investigator A. Each cat served as its own control for the comparison of pre- and postoperative variables. Reliability statistics were used to assess the level of inter-observer agreement (A vs B) with respect to pre- and postoperative CMPS–Feline scores, while Spearman’s correlation statistics were used to analyse the relationship between MT and CMPS–Feline scores. Results Twenty-nine cats completed the study. Preoperative MT (340 g [range 108–691]) were significantly higher than postoperatively (233 g [range 19–549]; P = 0.001). CMPS–Feline scores were not found to differ significantly between the preoperative period (2 [range 0–7] for investigator A and 3.2 ± 2.3 for investigator B) and postoperative period (2 [range 0–10] for investigator A and 3 [range 0–8] for investigator B) for either investigator. Reliability statistics revealed that the level of inter-observer agreement with respect to CMPS–Feline was fair for the preoperative assessments but poor for the postoperative evaluations. There was no correlation between MT and CMPS-Feline scores. Conclusions and relevance Although there was no correlation with CMPS–Feline scores performed at the same timepoint, MT increased postoperatively vs baseline. Assuming that, despite analgesia, susceptibility of the surgical area to mechanical stimulation would increase after surgery, this finding suggests that MT might be useful to assess feline surgical pain. The poor level of inter-observer agreement with respect to postoperative CMPS–Feline scores highlights the potential limitations of this scale.

scholarly journals The importance of professional based questionnaire in the dog’s acute and chronic pain evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 3229
Author(s):  
AK MARKOVSZKY ◽  
M DANES ◽  
E DUMITRESCU ◽  
F MUSELIN ◽  
AC STANCU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Pain Patient ◽  
Physiotherapy Treatment ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Pain Evaluation ◽  
Reduction Of Pain

The measurement of pain levels is made differently depending if acute or chronic pain is diagnosed, objective (e.g. cortisol, prolactin, serotonin, catecholamines, or the cardiac frequency and arterial pressure evaluation) or subjective methods being imagined. All subjective methods are including questionnaires and specific additional methods. The aim was the verifying the effectiveness of drug and physiotherapy combinations by using an owner based questionnaire for the chronic patients and a veterinary professional based questionnaire for the acute pain patient group. In this study a total of 20 dogs with observable pain were selected and two groups (n = 10 / group), constituted: G1 - chronic pain, and G2 - acute pain. The treatment of dogs with acute signs of pain was made oral or injectable with NSAIDs administration and for dogs with signs of chronic pain, physiotherapy treatment and drug therapy was administered. The owners of the dogs with chronic pain received the HCPI questionnaire in order to evaluate their dog’s pain level subjectively. For the dogs with acute pain the veterinarian filled out the short form of Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF). After initiating a Paired t-test in Excel 2010 with the scores obtained with HCPI and CMPS-SF, there was observed a significant reduction of pain after associated drug administration and physiotherapy and no significant evidence of acute pain after drug therapy. The used physiotherapy and drug combinations delivered a significant reduction of chronic pain, both clinically and visually mirrored in score reduction after treatments. The HCPI questionnaire could be considered a valuable tool for evaluating chronic pain in patients in the clinic environment. The CMPS-SF has also proven to be a very useful questionnaire in diagnose of acute pain and evaluation of the effectiveness of drug therapy used.

scholarly journals Assessing healthcare access using the Levesque’s conceptual framework– a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Cu ◽  
Sofia Meister ◽  
Bertrand Lefebvre ◽  
Valéry Ridde
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Access To Healthcare ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Universal Healthcare

Abstract Introduction Countries are working hard to improve access to healthcare through Universal Healthcare Coverage. To genuinely address the problems of healthcare access, we need to recognize all the dimensions and complexities of healthcare access. Levesque’s Conceptual Framework of Access to Health introduced in 2013 provides an interesting and comprehensive perspective through the five dimensions of access and the five abilities of the population to access healthcare. The objectives of this paper are to identify and analyze all empirical studies that applied Levesque’s conceptual framework for access to healthcare and to explore the experiences and challenges of researchers who used this framework in developing tools for assessing access. Methods A scoping review was conducted by searching through four databases, for studies citing Levesque et al. 2013 to select all empirical studies focusing on healthcare access that applied the framework. An initial 1838 documents underwent title screening, followed by abstract screening, and finally full text screening by two independent reviewers. Authors of studies identified from the scoping review were also interviewed. Results There were 31 studies identified on healthcare access using the Levesque framework either a priori, to develop assessment tool/s (11 studies), or a posteriori, to organize and analyze collected data (20 studies). From the tools used, 147 unique questions on healthcare access were collected, 91 of these explored dimensions of access while 56 were about abilities to access. Those that were designed from the patient’s perspective were 73%, while 20% were for health providers, and 7% were addressed to both. Interviews from seven out of the 26 authors, showed that while there were some challenges such as instances of categorization difficulty and unequal representation of dimensions and abilities, the overall experience was positive. Conclusion Levesque’s framework has been successfully used in research that explored, assessed, and measured access in various healthcare services and settings. The framework allowed researchers to comprehensively assess the complex and dynamic process of access both in the health systems and the population contexts. There is still potential room for improvement of the framework, particularly the incorporation of time-related elements of access.

Comparison of two high doses of subcutaneous buprenorphine in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 504-514
Author(s):  
Rosa Leedham ◽  
Kate L White ◽  
David Yates ◽  
Lauren Brown
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Rescue Analgesia ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Blinded Observer ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Induction Of Anaesthesia ◽  
To Receive

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the analgesia and recovery effects of two doses (0.12 mg/kg and 0.24 mg/kg) of subcutaneous buprenorphine in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Methods: This was an assessor-blinded, randomised, clinical study. A total of 83 cats were recruited and randomly allocated to receive 0.12 mg/kg buprenorphine or 0.24 mg/kg buprenorphine subcutaneously, followed 30 minutes later by 40 μg/kg medetomidine intramuscularly. Anaesthesia was induced with intravenous alfaxalone to effect and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. All cats received meloxicam before surgery. Temperament score, quality of sedation, induction of anaesthesia, dose of alfaxalone and recovery were scored using simple descriptive scales. Atipamazole was administered following surgery. Physiological variables during anaesthesia were recorded. Cats were assessed postoperatively by the same blinded observer at 2, 4 and 24 hours using a modified Colorado Feline Acute Pain scale. The presence or absence of mydriasis was noted. Results: No significant differences were identified between groups. Three cats in the 0.12 mg/kg group and four in the 0.24 mg/kg group required rescue analgesia. Mydriasis persisting for at least 24 hours was evident in 75 cats. Conclusions and relevance: No differences in analgesia were detected between groups with these protocols; mydriasis was common in both groups.

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