scholarly journals An Inventory of Deceased Donor Family Care and Contact Between Donor Families and Recipients in 15 European Countries

2022 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tineke Wind ◽  
Nichon Jansen ◽  
Anne Flodén ◽  
Bernadette Haase-Kromwijk ◽  
David Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
Deceased Donor ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Privacy Laws ◽  
Donation Process ◽  
Deceased Organ Donation ◽  
Almost All

Families of organ donors play an important role in the deceased organ donation process. The aim of this study was to gain insight into donor family care by creating an inventory of practice in various European countries. A questionnaire about donor family care and contact between donor families and recipients was developed. Representatives of the organ donor professionals of 15 European countries responded (94%). The donor coordinator plays a key role in care for the donor family. All countries provide information about the donation results to the families, although diminished due to privacy laws. Anonymous written contact between donor families and recipients is possible in almost all countries and direct contact in only a few. Remembrance ceremonies exist in most countries. Half of the respondents thought the aftercare could improve. This first inventory shows that differences exist between countries, depending on the organisation of the donation process, the law and the different role of the professionals. Direct contact between donor families and recipients is rarely supported by the donation organisation. To date there has been limited research about the experience of donor family aftercare and we would urge all donation organisations to consider this as a priority area.

CYP-RUS INVESTMENT FLOWS TO CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE ‐ RUSSIA'S DIRECT AND INDIRECT INVESTMENTS VIA CYPRUS TO CEE

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Pelto ◽  
Peeter Vahtra ◽  
Kari Liuhto
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Capital Flight ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Eu Candidate Countries ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Almost All

This paper deals with Russian investments to ten Eastern European EU candidate countries. Eastern European countries are an important destination for Russian OFDI, and the share of Russia in many CEEC's inward FDI stock is substantial. Russian investments to these countries are mostly connected to the internationalisation of Russian energy sector. Russian oil and gas giants have been actively investing to almost all eastern EU candidate countries. However, OFDI constitutes only a small part of Russian capital abroad, as it covers merely 10 % of the Russian capital flight. Cyprus has been an important landing place for Russian capital flight and is currently the biggest direct investor to Russian economy. Also the investment flow from (or via) Cyprus to other Eastern European countries is relatively big. Significant share of these Cypriot investments are considered to be of Russian origin. This paper tries to anticipate the effects of the legislative changes, due to Cyprus's EU accession in 2004, on the role of Cypriot offshore sector as a landing place for Russian capital.

scholarly journals How to understand informal caregiving patterns in Europe? The role of formal long-term care provisions and family care norms

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Verbakel
Keyword(s):  
Informal Care ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Informal Caregiving ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Term Care

Aims: Motivated by ageing populations, healthcare policies increasingly emphasize the role of informal care. This study examines how prevalence rates of informal caregivers and intensive caregivers (i.e. those who provide informal care for at least 11 hours a week) vary between European countries, and to what extent informal caregiving and intensive caregiving relate to countries’ formal long-term care provisions and family care norms. Methods: Multilevel logistic regression analyses on data from the European Social Survey Round 7 ( n = 32,894 respondents in n = 19 countries) were used to test (a) contradicting hypotheses regarding the role of formal long-term care provisions based on crowding-out, crowding-in and specialization arguments and (b) the hypothesis that strong family care norms are positively related to (intensive) informal caregiving. Results: Prevalence rates of informal caregiving varied between European countries, from 20% to 44%. Intensive caregiving ranged from 4% to 11%. Opposite patterns regarding the role of formal long-term care provisions were revealed: generous long-term care provisions in a country were related to a higher likelihood of providing informal care, but a lower likelihood of providing intensive care. Moreover, intensive caregiving was more likely when family care norms in a country were strong. Conclusions: This study provided support for the specialization argument by showing that generous formal long-term care provisions crowded-out intensive caregiving, but also encouraged more people to provide (some) informal care. Because especially intensive caregiving is burdensome, low levels of formal long-term care provisions might bring risks to caregivers’ well-being and healthcare systems’ sustainability.

scholarly journals Immigration, Welfare and Care in Portugal: Mapping the New Plurality of Female Migration Trajectories

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Wall ◽  
Cátia Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Care Model ◽  
Female Migration ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
The Family ◽  
Southern European Countries

The role of migrant women as domestic and care workers is a main characteristic of the feminisation of migration to southern Europe. This article aims to understand how and why current patterns of female migration to Portugal are a key element, driving increased flows of domestic workers. The article focuses first on the path followed by Portugal in the fields of immigration, employment, welfare-state developments and care arrangements, and then presents results of a qualitative study on Brazilian immigrant women. Findings show that the new plurality of female migration trajectories is an important factor in explaining the rapid integration of immigrant women in the domestic sector. This does not mean, however, that a predominant ‘migrant in the family’ care model has emerged in Portugal. In contrast with other southern European countries, different policy perspectives and outcomes over the last three decades have made for a more diversified care model. National contexts in southern European countries must therefore be taken into account, since they provide particular conditions for the main forms and features of migrant domestic work.

Women’s disadvantage in holding supervisory positions. Variations among European countries and the role of horizontal gender segregation

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Dämmrich ◽  
Hans-Peter Blossfeld
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Male Dominated ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Selection Of

Using the Labour Force Survey 2013, this paper examines gender differences in holding supervisory positions in 26 European countries and relates these differences to horizontal gender segregation, i.e. women and men working in different jobs. First, we confirm the findings of previous studies that women are still disadvantaged in holding supervisory positions in almost all countries. Second, by examining how women’s disadvantage varies when working in male-dominated, gender-mixed, and female-dominated occupations, we observe women’s lowest disadvantage in male-dominated occupations in most countries. Third, applying a two-stage multilevel analysis, we explore at the macro level how the country variation in women’s disadvantage in holding supervisory positions is related to horizontal gender segregation, selection of women in the labour market, and conditions facilitating the combination of work and family, and whether women’s disadvantage significantly differs among welfare regimes. We provide evidence that differences among welfare regimes capture much better country variation than single macro indicators.

Opt-out paradigms for deceased organ donation are ethically incoherent

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2021-107630
Author(s):  
G M Qurashi
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
Organ Shortage ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Deceased Organ Donation ◽  
The Dead

The Organ Donation Act 2019 has introduced an opt-out organ donor register in England, meaning that consent to the donation of organs upon death is presumed unless an objection during life was actively expressed. By assessing the rights of the dead over their organs, the sick to those same organs, and the role of consent in their requisition, this paper interrogates whether such paradigms for deceased organ donation are ethically justifiable. Where legal considerations are applicable, I focus on the recent changes in England as a case in point; however, this paper ultimately challenges the justifiability of opt-out systems in any form, concluding that ethical solutions to organ shortage do not lie in opt-out systems of deceased organ procurement.

scholarly journals The role of transplant coordinators in ensuring quality of deceased organ donation

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Mirjana Lausevic ◽  
Milica Kravljaca ◽  
Miodrag Milenovic ◽  
Marijana Zivkovic ◽  
Voin Brkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Deceased Donor ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Deceased Organ Donation ◽  
Donor Identification ◽  
Organ Quality ◽  
Organ Recovery ◽  
Donor Characteristics

Organ quality depends on variety of factors, including donor characteristics, effects of brain death, donor maintanance, the type of organ perfusion, cold ishaemia time and surgical procedures during organ recovery. Brain death influences on donor hemodynamics, hormone disregulation and consecutive inflammation of donor organs, which leads to organ dysfunction after transplantation. Due to disparity between organ demand and supply, an improvement in the use of allografts from deceased donors that are older, with significant comorbidity, has been observed recently. Assessment regarding deceased donor organ quality is based on donor demographic and clinical characteristics that are related to early and late outcome after transplantation. The transplant coordinator has a role in donor identification and selection, obtaining family consent for organ donation and communication with multidisciplinary teams during organ recovery organisation, which leads to an increased number of available organs and also their quality.

Michael Kelly, Hilary Footitt, Myriam Salama-Carr (eds.): The Palgrave Handbook of Languages and Conflict

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ľubomír Zvada
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Speakers Of Other Languages ◽  
War And Conflict ◽  
Almost All

This Handbook maps the contours of an exciting and burgeoning interdisciplinary field concerned with the role of language and languages in situations of conflict. It explores conceptual approaches, sources of information that are available, and the institutions and actors that mediate language encounters. It examines case studies of the role that languages have played in specific conflicts, from colonial times through to the Middle East and Africa today. The contributors provide vibrant evidence to challenge the monolingual assumptions that have affected traditional views of war and conflict. They show that languages are woven into every aspect of the making of war and peace, and demonstrate how language shapes public policy and military strategy, setting frameworks and expectations. The Handbook's 22 chapters powerfully illustrate how the encounter between languages is integral to almost all conflicts, to every phase of military operations and to the lived experiences of those on the ground, who meet, work and fight with speakers of other languages. This comprehensive work will appeal to scholars from across the disciplines of linguistics, translation studies, history, and international relations; and provide fresh insights for a broad range of practitioners interested in understanding the role and implications of foreign languages in war.

Desecularization as Phenomenon at the Turn of 21st Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Sergey V.  Lebedev ◽  
Galina N.  Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Islamic Revolution ◽  
Islamic Movement ◽  
The World ◽  
Rational Alternative ◽  
Role Of Religion

In the article the authors note that since the 1970s, with the rise of the Islamic movement and the Islamic revolution in Iran, philosophers and political scientists started to talk about religious renaissance in many regions of the world. In addition, the point at issue is the growing role of religion in society, including European countries that have long ago gone through the process of secularization. The reasons for this phenomenon, regardless of its name, are diverse, but understandable: secular ideologies of the last century failed to explain the existing social problems and give them a rational alternative.

ON EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF THERMAL AND WIND FACTORS FOR A PHYSICAL MODEL OF THE WORLD OCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
V. G. Neiman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

The main content of the work consists of certain systematization and addition of longexisting, but eventually deformed and partly lost qualitative ideas about the role of thermal and wind factors that determine the physical mechanism of the World Ocean’s General Circulation System (OGCS). It is noted that the conceptual foundations of the theory of the OGCS in one form or another are contained in the works of many well-known hydrophysicists of the last century, but the aggregate, logically coherent description of the key factors determining the physical model of the OGCS in the public literature is not so easy to find. An attempt is made to clarify and concretize some general ideas about the two key blocks that form the basis of an adequate physical model of the system of oceanic water masses motion in a climatic scale. Attention is drawn to the fact that when analyzing the OGCS it is necessary to take into account not only immediate but also indirect effects of thermal and wind factors on the ocean surface. In conclusion, it is noted that, in the end, by the uneven flow of heat to the surface of the ocean can be explained the nature of both external and almost all internal factors, in one way or another contributing to the excitation of the general, or climatic, ocean circulation.

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