Michael Kelly, Hilary Footitt, Myriam Salama-Carr (eds.): The Palgrave Handbook of Languages and Conflict

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ľubomír Zvada
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Speakers Of Other Languages ◽  
War And Conflict ◽  
Almost All

This Handbook maps the contours of an exciting and burgeoning interdisciplinary field concerned with the role of language and languages in situations of conflict. It explores conceptual approaches, sources of information that are available, and the institutions and actors that mediate language encounters. It examines case studies of the role that languages have played in specific conflicts, from colonial times through to the Middle East and Africa today. The contributors provide vibrant evidence to challenge the monolingual assumptions that have affected traditional views of war and conflict. They show that languages are woven into every aspect of the making of war and peace, and demonstrate how language shapes public policy and military strategy, setting frameworks and expectations. The Handbook's 22 chapters powerfully illustrate how the encounter between languages is integral to almost all conflicts, to every phase of military operations and to the lived experiences of those on the ground, who meet, work and fight with speakers of other languages. This comprehensive work will appeal to scholars from across the disciplines of linguistics, translation studies, history, and international relations; and provide fresh insights for a broad range of practitioners interested in understanding the role and implications of foreign languages in war.

The Domestic Sources of Grand Strategy

2021 ◽  
pp. 238-255
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Caverley
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Domestic Sources ◽  
Almost All

Over the past decades of American-dominated International Relations, research on domestic sources of grand strategy has largely coalesced around the liberal ends of democracy and free trade. Given increasing Sino-American competition, this chapter predicts a turn to a more robust International Relations research program on the role that domestic ideas and material factors play in shaping grand strategy. This research will focus as much on the means of grand strategy as the ends. Much work already examines how democracy (and nondemocracy) can drive grand strategy, and important states in contemporary international politics differ on this front. On the other hand, almost all the major powers in the international system remain quite liberal in their international economic relations—the other concern of research on domestic influences on grand strategy. This chapter delves further into the grand-strategic role of regime type and the form of capitalism practiced within the state. It then suggests two additional under-researched domestic-level factors—militarism and nationalism—that will shape grand strategy in the coming years.

scholarly journals Visitor perceptions and reliance on active and passive communication techniques in zoos

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin J. Foote ◽  
Matthew I. M. Louder ◽  
Christopher N. Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Species Conservation ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Information Retention ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Communication Techniques ◽  
Visitor Perceptions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Almost All

The goal of educating the public about environmental and conservation issues is found in the mission statements of almost every zoo in the world. In order to effectively teach their visitors, zoos must understand how they are communicating with their public. In this study, we attempt to quantify how Sylvan Heights Bird Park (SHBP) communicates with its visitors. SHBP is a small not-for-profit facility that specializes in birds, with a primary focus on waterfowl (Anseriformes). Located in an economically depressed eastern North Carolina county (Halifax), SHBP receives over 46,000 visitors a year. Using a survey, we collected information of visitor perceptions of the role of zoos, their reliance on different sources of information, and their retention of information provided via different modes of communication. SHBP visitors listed exhibit signage (passive communication) as the preferred method of gaining information. Interestingly, however, we found that reliance on signage varied with age and gender and we found no difference in information retention between visitors that experienced only passive communication (signage) versus those that experienced active communication. Just over half (51%) of visitors viewed the primary purpose of a zoo to be entertainment but this view changed with age and gender. Although almost all respondents identified the role of zoos in maintaining biodiversity, we found a disconnect between this view and an understanding of how zoos might contribute to species conservation.

scholarly journals Visitor perceptions and reliance on active and passive communication techniques in zoos

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin J. Foote ◽  
Matthew I. M. Louder ◽  
Christopher N. Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Species Conservation ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Information Retention ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Communication Techniques ◽  
Visitor Perceptions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Almost All

The goal of educating the public about environmental and conservation issues is found in the mission statements of almost every zoo in the world. In order to effectively teach their visitors, zoos must understand how they are communicating with their public. In this study, we attempt to quantify how Sylvan Heights Bird Park (SHBP) communicates with its visitors. SHBP is a small not-for-profit facility that specializes in birds, with a primary focus on waterfowl (Anseriformes). Located in an economically depressed eastern North Carolina county (Halifax), SHBP receives over 46,000 visitors a year. Using a survey, we collected information of visitor perceptions of the role of zoos, their reliance on different sources of information, and their retention of information provided via different modes of communication. SHBP visitors listed exhibit signage (passive communication) as the preferred method of gaining information. Interestingly, however, we found that reliance on signage varied with age and gender and we found no difference in information retention between visitors that experienced only passive communication (signage) versus those that experienced active communication. Just over half (51%) of visitors viewed the primary purpose of a zoo to be entertainment but this view changed with age and gender. Although almost all respondents identified the role of zoos in maintaining biodiversity, we found a disconnect between this view and an understanding of how zoos might contribute to species conservation.

scholarly journals Academic Mobility Of Foreign Language Students In The Credit System Of Higher Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (10) ◽  
pp. 291-296
Author(s):  
Fazilat Tillaxodjayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Academic Mobility ◽  
Approach To Teaching ◽  
Multi Level

The article deals with the role of academic mobility in the credit system of higher education,with the use of level differentiation and a multi-level approach to teaching foreign languages. The article describes the international relations of the Mukimi KSPI and the peculiarities of its division into subgroups according to the level of language proficiency, which is the reason for the development of academic mobility.

scholarly journals Violence of war, ontopology, and the instrumental and performative constitution of the political community

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-82
Author(s):  
Klejda Mulaj
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Political Community ◽  
The Political ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Post War ◽  
Performative Power

AbstractThis article considers a neglected question in International Relations, namely how violence of war contributes to the constitution of the political community at the intersection between war and peace. It exposes limitations of means-ends, instrumental understanding of war violence due to the overlooking of violence’s performative attributes stemming from the centrality of bodily injuries in war. The instrumental violence on which the constitution of the political community is grounded finds expression in an order of representation that can be termed ontopology, and a pervasive – circular – relationship between ontopology and violence insofar as ontopology has inspired extreme forms of human behaviour and also been used to justify violence as a means to enact an ontopological goal. Yet, recognising the role of bodily injuries in the course of fighting allows for a more complete understanding of war. Crucially it enables an interpretation of the structure of war as a relation between war’s interior content – casualties in war – and the exterior, verbal issues standing outside it (pertaining to security, identity, sovereignty, authority, ideology), that lead to a surrogate contest of reimagining political community in the process of which performative power of violence contributes directly to the emerging post-war peace and laws that justify it.

Culture, Religion, War, and Peace

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehonatan Abramson
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Political Science ◽  
International Conflict ◽  
Religious Fundamentalism ◽  
Democratic Peace ◽  
Future Research ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Religious Actors

Religion and culture have historically been neglected in international relations (IR) theories and in political science more generally. It was only recently that IR began to consider the role of culture and religion in war and peace. Several main scholarly trends in the study of culture, religion, conflict, and peace can be identified, starting with the definitional problems that IR scholars had to deal with as they tried to incorporate culture and religion. The first major attempt in the IR field to understand war almost exclusively through the religious prism was that of Samuel Huntington, who in his Clash of Civilization (1993, 1996) identifies two main reasons why religion can cause war: first, religion can be considered as a primordial and immutable identity; and second, religion is a form of ideology rather than identity. The scholarly literature has also addressed themes such as religious fundamentalism and violence, the role of religious actors in international conflict, the practical use of religion and culture to promote peace via diplomacy, and engagement of religion and culture in existing peace theories such as democratic peace theory. Avenues for future research may include the relational and constantly changing aspects of religion; what, when, and how various religious interpretations receive political prominence in promoting conflict or peace; how religion can be used as an independent variable across cases; and the hidden set of assumptions that are embedded in the cultural and religion labels.

scholarly journals Visitor perceptions and reliance on active and passive communication techniques in zoos

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin J. Foote ◽  
Matthew I. M. Louder ◽  
Christopher N. Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Species Conservation ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Information Retention ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Communication Techniques ◽  
Visitor Perceptions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Almost All

The goal of educating the public about environmental and conservation issues is found in the mission statements of almost every zoo in the world. In order to effectively teach their visitors, zoos must understand how they are communicating with their public. In this study, we attempt to quantify how Sylvan Heights Bird Park (SHBP) communicates with its visitors. SHBP is a small not-for-profit facility that specializes in birds, with a primary focus on waterfowl (Anseriformes). Located in an economically depressed eastern North Carolina county (Halifax), SHBP receives over 46,000 visitors a year. Using a survey, we collected information of visitor perceptions of the role of zoos, their reliance on different sources of information, and their retention of information provided via different modes of communication. SHBP visitors listed exhibit signage (passive communication) as the preferred method of gaining information. Interestingly, however, we found that reliance on signage varied with age and gender and we found no difference in information retention between visitors that experienced only passive communication (signage) versus those that experienced active communication. Just over half (51%) of visitors viewed the primary purpose of a zoo to be entertainment but this view changed with age and gender. Although almost all respondents identified the role of zoos in maintaining biodiversity, we found a disconnect between this view and an understanding of how zoos might contribute to species conservation.

scholarly journals The Role of Negotiations in International Relations: دور المفاوضات في العلاقات الدولية

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thamer Abdullah Eid Alsubaie
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
State Relations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Inter State

    What was the sporadic intercourse to facilitate contacts among various ancient political entities in different parts of the world became organized inter-state relations between nations and states, supported diplomacy as the art of settling disputes by negotiations. Negotiations have become the essential instrument at the core of contemporary international relations that are constantly changing in time and space. The negotiations brought the shift of major importance and had direct impact on international relations. The international organizations have been empowered to assist governments of its member states in progressive liberalization of trade in all areas. Negotiations have intensified the inter-state relations contacts collection of information about the ways other societies are organized and act. Negotiations have become primary tools in building international consensus on most important issues of security, war and peace. This research aimed to assess the role of negotiations in international relations. In order to achieve this aim, the researcher reviewed articles and research that dealt with examining the origin of the research variables, and also aimed to identify the relationship between these variables. In addition to that, the researcher conducted in depth interviews with 15 key officials in Saudi Arabia. The results of the study found that effective negotiations have a positive impact on the quality of international relations. Of the main recommendations of the study is that it is essential that the negotiator have the required sets of skills to ensure an effective negotiation process.    

scholarly journals Role of Economics and Allied Sciences into Information and Computing Fields: Emphasizing Economics & IT Programs—World and Indian Context

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
P. K. Paul ◽  
A. Bhuimali ◽  
P.S. Aithal
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Doctoral Degree ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Bachelors Degree ◽  
Government Education ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Information Technology is an important and interdisciplinary field of fields. Information Technology is applicable in almost all the areas of Sciences, Arts, and Commerce as well. Even sector wise whether healthcare, government, education, transportation or agriculture—everywhere Information Technology and Computing is required.  Hence whether it is a Field or Subject or Sector, Information Technology is very much important and useful. Economics is an important subject for the development; it is more than development today. More importantly, it is valuable to note that Information Technology is not only useful in Economics but also in other contexts viz. Economics also played a great role in the field of Information Technology and Computing. There are many spaces where Economics and Allied Sciences such as Management and Commerce playing an important role. Due to the relationship between Economics and Information Technology, even educational programs worldwide have been developed. The programs are available as Bachelors degree, Masters degree, Doctoral degree etc. In India also in recent past, several improvements were noticed and as a result, educational programs combined with IT and Economics also noted. This paper is conceptual in nature and deals with the analysis and discussion on the application of Economics and allied subjects in the field of Information Technology and Computing. Moreover, the paper also discusses the educational programs available in India combined with IT and Economics.</p>

scholarly journals The Role of Ideology in Enhancing Political Ethics at the level of International Relations from the Perspective of the Holy Quran and Hadiths

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 709
Author(s):  
Enayat Allah Sharifi ◽  
Mahmoud Ramezani
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Epistemological Beliefs ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Ethics ◽  
The World ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
War And Conflict ◽  
The Common ◽  
Moral Relationship

Nowadays, according to the ungodly worldviews, most of the time governments strive to increase their power and interests based on realistic and neorealistic theories. They are also after their multilateral dominance and expanded empire. In these situations- where the world is in chaos and separation of ethics from politics comes to the fore thereby showing its impact at the international level- Islam considers ethics as the basis of politics and at the level of international relations, it also seeks to establish an ideal, spiritual and moral relationship. Therefore, by emphasizing the role of epistemological and ideological beliefs and divine worldview, Islam stresses the importance of intensifying political ethics within the field of international relations. These epistemological beliefs include monotheism, prophecy and apostleship of the divine prophets, the eschatology and resurrection. In this article, the plan is to concentrate on the common points of the divine religions through examining the verses, hadiths and traditions of the divine saints regarding the emphasis of Islam on this issue. Therefore, this study attempts to deepen the political ethics in the aspect of people's relations, as well as the relation among Muslim and non-Muslim governments based on the basic and epistemological beliefs of Islam. This will (hopefully) lead to the peaceful coexistence among the followers of the divine religions and it will also lead to a peaceful living without any war and conflict.

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