The Effect of Two Methods of Ballistic Resistance Training on Some Aspects of the Strength of the Lower Body in the Long Jump of the Specialized School Athletes

Abstract Background The effect of concurrent training on the development of maximal strength is unclear, especially in individuals with different training statuses. Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis study was to compare the effect of concurrent resistance and endurance training with that of resistance training only on the development of maximal dynamic strength in untrained, moderately trained, and trained individuals. Methods On the basis of the predetermined criteria, 27 studies that compared effects between concurrent and resistance training only on lower-body 1-repetition maximum (1RM) strength were included. The effect size (ES), calculated as the standardised difference in mean, was extracted from each study, pooled, and analysed with a random-effects model. Results The 1RM for leg press and squat exercises was negatively affected by concurrent training in trained individuals (ES = – 0.35, p < 0.01), but not in moderately trained ( – 0.20, p = 0.08) or untrained individuals (ES = 0.03, p = 0.87) as compared to resistance training only. A subgroup analysis revealed that the negative effect observed in trained individuals occurred only when resistance and endurance training were conducted within the same training session (ES same session = – 0.66, p < 0.01 vs. ES different sessions = – 0.10, p = 0.55). Conclusion This study demonstrated the novel and quantifiable effects of training status on lower-body strength development and shows that the addition of endurance training to a resistance training programme may have a negative impact on lower-body strength development in trained, but not in moderately trained or untrained individuals. This impairment seems to be more pronounced when training is performed within the same session than in different sessions. Trained individuals should therefore consider separating endurance from resistance training during periods where the development of dynamic maximal strength is prioritised.

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Effect of different velocity loss thresholds during a power-oriented resistance training program on the mechanical capacities of lower-body muscles

Journal of Sports Sciences ◽

10.1080/02640414.2017.1376900 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 36 (12) ◽

pp. 1331-1339 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Alejandro Pérez-Castilla ◽

Amador García-Ramos ◽

Paulino Padial ◽

Antonio J. Morales-Artacho ◽

Belén Feriche

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Training Program ◽

Lower Body ◽

Resistance Training Program

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Effect of single vs. multi joint ballistic resistance training upon vertical jump performance

Acta Kinesiologiae Universitatis Tartuensis ◽

10.12697/akut.2013.19.08 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 86 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Terje Dalen ◽

Boye Welde ◽

Roland Van den Tillaar ◽

Tore Kristian Aune

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Jump Performance ◽

Ballistic Resistance

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Sensitivity and Specificity of a Multimodal Approach for Concussion Assessment in Youth Athletes

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2020-0279 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Tiffany Toong ◽

Katherine E. Wilson ◽

Anne W. Hunt ◽

Shannon Scratch ◽

Carol DeMatteo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Multimodal Approach ◽

Lower Body ◽

Youth Athletes ◽

Standing Long Jump ◽

Body Strength ◽

Long Jump ◽

Lower Body Strength ◽

Clinical Measures

Context: Current international consensus endorses a multimodal approach to concussion assessment. However, the psychometric evaluation of clinical measures used to identify postconcussion performance deficits once an athlete is asymptomatic remains limited, particularly in the pediatric population. Objective: To describe and compare the sensitivity and specificity of a multimodal assessment battery (balance, cognition, and upper and lower body strength) versus individual clinical measures at discriminating between concussed youth athletes and noninjured controls when asymptomatic. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Hospital laboratory setting. Participants: A total of 32 youth athletes with a concussion and 32 matched (age and sex) noninjured control participants aged 10–18 years. Intervention(s): Participants were administered preinjury (baseline) assessments of cognition (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing [ImPACT]), balance (BioSway), and upper and lower body strength (grip strength and standing long jump). Assessments were readministered when concussed participants reported symptom resolution (asymptomatic time point). Noninjured control participants were reassessed using the same time interval as their concussion matched pair. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated using standardized regression-based methods and receiver operating characteristic curves. Main Outcome Measures: Outcome measures included baseline and postinjury ImPACT, BioSway, grip strength, and standing long jump scores. Results: When asymptomatic, declines in performance on each individual clinical measure were seen in 3% to 22% of the concussion group (sensitivity = 3%–22%) compared with 3% to 13% of the noninjured control group (specificity = 87%–97%) (90% confidence interval). The multimodal battery of all combined clinical measures yielded a sensitivity of 41% and a specificity of 77% (90% confidence interval). Based on discriminative analyses, the multimodal approach was statistically superior compared with an individual measures approach for balance and upper and lower body strength, but not for cognition. Conclusions: Results provide a foundation for understanding which domains of assessment (cognition, balance, and strength) may be sensitive and specific to deficits once symptoms resolve in youth athletes. More work is needed prior to clinical implementation of a preinjury (baseline) to postinjury multimodal approach to assessment following concussion in youth athletes.

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Effects of upper-body, lower-body, or combined resistance training on the ratio of follistatin and myostatin in middle-aged men

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00421-019-04180-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 119 (9) ◽

pp. 1921-1931 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Reza Bagheri ◽

Amir Rashidlamir ◽

Mohamad S. Motevalli ◽

Bradley T. Elliott ◽

Javad Mehrabani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Upper Body ◽

Lower Body ◽

Middle Aged

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Behavioral Modification Enhances the Benefits from Structured Aerobic and Resistance Training

Sports Medicine International Open ◽

10.1055/a-0900-7501 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 03 (02) ◽

pp. E48-E57 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brett A. Dolezal ◽

David M. Boland ◽

Eric V. Neufeld ◽

Jennifer L. Martin ◽

Christopher B. Cooper

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Aerobic Performance ◽

Behavioral Modification ◽

Lower Body ◽

Fitness Measures ◽

Lower Body Power

AbstractBehavioral modification (BM) is a strategy designed to sustain or restore well-being through effects such as enhanced relaxation, reduced stress, and improved sleep. Few studies have explored the role of BM delivered in the context of fitness programs for healthy adults. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to examine whether BM combined with aerobic and resistance training programs would improve health and fitness measures more than the exercise training alone. Thirty-two healthy fitness club members (19 men) were randomized to receive a BM program (n=15) or an equal-attention (EA) control (n=17). BM consisted of twelve, 10-min education sessions between a trained fitness professional and the participant, coupled with weekly, individualized relaxation, stress reduction, and sleep improvement assignments. All participants engaged in 1 h of coached resistance training and remotely guided aerobic exercise thrice weekly for 12 weeks. Fitness measures (aerobic performance, body composition, muscle strength and endurance, lower-body power), sleep characteristics, and heart rate variability (HRV) were obtained at baseline and after the 12-week program. BM resulted in greater improvements in aerobic performance (increased maximum oxygen uptake, metabolic (lactate) threshold, and percent of maximum oxygen uptake at which metabolic threshold occurred), peak and average lower-body power, and body composition (decreased body fat percentage and fat mass) compared to EA. BM also positively influenced parasympathetic tone through increased High-frequency HRV. BM resulted in greater improvements in fitness measures, body composition, and heart rate variability compared with EA. These findings have intriguing implications regarding the role of BM in augmenting health and physical performance.

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Effects of resistance training on self-reported disability in older adults with functional limitations or disability – a systematic review and meta-analysis

European Review of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1186/s11556-019-0230-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pia Øllgaard Olsen ◽

Anne-Ditte Termannsen ◽

Maja Bramming ◽

Mark A. Tully ◽

Paolo Caserotti

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Functional Capacity ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Functional Limitations ◽

Knee Extensor ◽

Objective Measures ◽

Lower Body ◽

Positive Effect

Abstract Background Self-reported disability has a strong negative impact on older people’s quality of life and is often associated with the need for assistance and health care services. Resistance training (RT) has been repeatedly shown to improve muscle function (e.g. strength) and functional capacity (e.g. gait speed, chair-rise) in older adults with functional limitations. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether such objectively assessed improvements translate into a reduction in self-reported disability. Objectives To assess: i) whether and to what extent RT interventions have an effect on self-reported disability in older adults (≥65 years) with functional limitations or disability; and ii) whether the effects on self-reported disability are associated with changes in objective measures of muscle strength and functional capacity across studies. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus electronic databases were searched in June 2018. Randomized controlled trials reporting effects of RT on self-reported disability/function in ≥65 year-old adults with defined, functional limitations or self-reported disability were eligible. Data on self-reported disability/function were pooled by calculating adjusted standardized mean differences (SMD) using Hedges’g. Likewise, effect sizes for three secondary outcomes: knee extensor muscle strength; gait capacity; and lower body functional capacity were calculated and fit as covariates in separate meta-regressions with self-reported disability as the dependent factor. Results Fourteen RCTs were eligible for the primary meta-analysis on self-reported disability. The total number of participants was 651 (intervention n = 354; control n = 297). A significant moderate positive effect of RT was found (SMD: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.253 to 0.925, p = 0.001). Between-study heterogeneity was present (I2 statistic = 75,1%, p < 0.001). RT effects on objective measures of lower body functional capacity were significantly associated with effects on self-reported disability (Adj. R2 = 99%, p = 0.002, n = 12 studies), whereas no significant associations with gait capacity or knee extensor strength were found. Conclusions This review provides evidence that RT has a moderate positive effect on self-reported disability/function in old people with or at risk for disability. The effects are strongly associated with effects on objective measures of lower body functional capacity.

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