scholarly journals Comprehensive Opportunity Assessment Using Commercial and Moral Intensities

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Richard J. Arend
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Knowledge Processing ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Opportunity Evaluation ◽  
Corporate Social

We propose a partial theory explaining the processing of opportunities by individuals in organizations, specifically for opportunities with both commercial and moral significance (measured as intensities). The goal of such theorizing is to identify and analyze the range of interactions that the ethical and economic impacts of an opportunity can have so that managers can make better decisions on their exploitation and modification. We explain why and how there is variance in the processing of the ideas behind such opportunities as caused by their moral and commercial intensities. We explain the likely interactions between those two intensities, and when they occur and what can result. Doing so complements work in social entrepreneurship and corporate social responsibility by filling the gaps of the possible combinations of economic and ethical interactions. We provide these explanations by leveraging a precedent model that had adapted a standard knowledge-processing method to ethical decision-making issues. The explanations resonate because our model leverages the traditional textbook entrepreneurship opportunity evaluation criteria to provide a holistic view of an underlying idea’s commercial intensity, a view that aligns with the driving assumption that the focal decision-makers are boundedly rational.

Altruism as a pathway to unethical action

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-247
Author(s):  
Michael Babula ◽  
Max Tookey ◽  
Glenn Muschert ◽  
Mark Neal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Poor

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to answer the question, “Can particular types of altruism influence people to make unethical decisions?” The purpose of seeking to answer this question is to better understand those cases in personal, public and commercial life whereby a decision-maker is influenced by what is widely perceived to be a positive thing – altruism – to make unethical choices. Design/methodology/approach An experiment was designed to test the influence of different categories of altruism on decision-making about whether to find another guilty for a regulatory transgression. This involved the establishment and running of a student panel at a UK university, which was given the task of determining the guilt or otherwise of two students accused of plagiarism – one from a poor background; one from a rich background. Through a survey of both the decision-makers and their judgments, and by analyzing the data using t-tests and Mann–Whitney tests, the associations between different categories of altruism and the decisions made could be ascertained. Findings A total of 70.7% of the participants voted “not-guilty” for the poor student, whereas 68.3% voted “guilty” for the wealthy student. This indicated that self-interested, namely, egoistic altruism complemented by social and self-esteem needs gratification was significantly associated with violating foundational ethical principles. Originality/value This is the first study to be done that attempts to evaluate the relationships between different categories of altruism and ethical decision-making. The findings here challenge aggregating all forms of empathy together when exploring the antecedents of unethical behavior.

scholarly journals Rationing health and social goods during pandemics: guidance for Ghanaian decision makers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos Laar ◽  
Debra DeBruin ◽  
Richard Ofori-Asenso ◽  
Matilda Essandoh Laar ◽  
Barbara Redman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Democratic Engagement ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Social Goods ◽  
Healthcare Rationing

<p></p><p></p><p>Abstract </p> <p>Healthcare rationing during pandemics has been widely discussed in global bioethics literature. However, existing scenarios and analyses have focused on high income countries, except for very few disease areas such as HIV treatment where some analyses related to African countries exist. We argue that the lack of scholastic discourse, and by extension, professional and democratic engagement on the subject constitute an unacceptable ethical omission. Not only have African governments failed to develop robust ethical plans for pandemics, ethicists in this region have been unable to ignite public discourse on rationing. Therefore, we aim to initiate a debate on how rationing health and social goods could be done ethically in Ghana during the current and future pandemics.</p> <p> </p> <p>The paper discusses and critiques some moral considerations (utilitarian, equity, equal worth, urgent need, and the prioritarian principles) for rationing and their relevance in the Ghanaian context. This contribution may facilitate ethical decision-making during COVID-19 in Ghana and other African settings where hardly any rationing guidelines exist</p><br><p></p><p></p>

scholarly journals Rationing health and social goods during pandemics: Guidance for Ghanaian decision makers

2020 ◽  
pp. 147775092097709
Author(s):  
Amos Laar ◽  
Debra DeBruin ◽  
Richard Ofori-Asenso ◽  
Matilda Essandoh Laar ◽  
Barbara Redman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Democratic Engagement ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Social Goods ◽  
Healthcare Rationing

Healthcare rationing during pandemics has been widely discussed in global bioethics literature. However, existing scenarios and analyses have focused on high income countries, except for very few disease areas such as HIV treatment where some analyses related to African countries exist. We argue that the lack of scholastic discourse, and by extension, professional and democratic engagement on the subject constitute an unacceptable ethical omission. Not only have African governments failed to develop robust ethical plans for pandemics, ethicists in this region have been unable to ignite public discourse on rationing. Therefore, we aim to initiate a debate on how rationing health and social goods could be done ethically in Ghana during the current and future pandemics. The paper discusses and critiques some moral considerations (utilitarian, equity, equal worth, urgent need, and the prioritarian principles) for rationing and their relevance in the Ghanaian context. This contribution may facilitate ethical decision-making during the current (COVID-19) pandemic - in Ghana and other African settings where hardly any rationing guidelines exist

A new approach to evaluating entrepreneurial opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Elahe Adel Rastkhiz ◽  
Ali Mobini Dehkordi ◽  
Jahangir Yadollahi Farsi ◽  
Adel Azar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Screening Technique ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunities ◽  
Opportunity Evaluation ◽  
Decision Making Model

Purpose In order to answer which opportunities are better to pursue, the purpose of this paper is to propose and empirically test a decision-making model for evaluating and selecting entrepreneurial opportunities. Design/methodology/approach First, the authors identified common evaluation criteria through a systematic review of 45 high quality articles published in top entrepreneurship and management journals between 2000 and 2017. Second, fuzzy screening technique has been employed to offer the decision-making model. Third, the authors used data of six evaluations provided by five experts at a medium-sized biotech firm to test the model. Findings The study shows that common decision criteria for evaluating entrepreneurial opportunities fall into seven categories. According to these criteria and using fuzzy screening technique, a multi-expert multi-criteria decision-making (ME–MCDM) model has been suggested for evaluating and selecting opportunities. Practical implications This model can be served in situations in which decision makers should select a small number of opportunities among the larger set with regard to opportunity profile and minimal information. More opportunities and more decision makers can be included in the model. When the number of opportunities and decision makers are high, it is possible to use programming for fast, accurate and easy calculation. Originality/value This study is the first systematic review of opportunity evaluation criteria. It is also the first considering opportunity evaluation as a multi-expert decision-making process.

scholarly journals Rationing health and social goods during pandemics: guidance for Ghanaian decision makers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos Laar ◽  
Debra DeBruin ◽  
Richard Ofori-Asenso ◽  
Matilda Essandoh Laar ◽  
Barbara Redman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Democratic Engagement ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Social Goods ◽  
Healthcare Rationing

<p></p><p></p><p>Abstract </p> <p>Healthcare rationing during pandemics has been widely discussed in global bioethics literature. However, existing scenarios and analyses have focused on high income countries, except for very few disease areas such as HIV treatment where some analyses related to African countries exist. We argue that the lack of scholastic discourse, and by extension, professional and democratic engagement on the subject constitute an unacceptable ethical omission. Not only have African governments failed to develop robust ethical plans for pandemics, ethicists in this region have been unable to ignite public discourse on rationing. Therefore, we aim to initiate a debate on how rationing health and social goods could be done ethically in Ghana during the current and future pandemics.</p> <p> </p> <p>The paper discusses and critiques some moral considerations (utilitarian, equity, equal worth, urgent need, and the prioritarian principles) for rationing and their relevance in the Ghanaian context. This contribution may facilitate ethical decision-making during COVID-19 in Ghana and other African settings where hardly any rationing guidelines exist</p><br><p></p><p></p>

scholarly journals Ethics in Organization and Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Thomas Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Care And Justice ◽  
Compare And Contrast

A fundamental challenge for scholars and practitioners of organization and management is the integration of theoretical ethics with practical decision-making. This article discusses the historical evolution of ethics in organization and management through today. Additionally, the article utilizes a compare and contrast approach of three contemporary theories of ethical decision-making, namely ethics of virtue, ethics of care, and ethics of justice, to implicate their applicability to practice under conditions of globalization. Ethics of virtue, care, and justice share common concepts imperative for organizations in a global environment. They address the idea of equality and self-sufficiency and are concerned with the establishment and sustenance of lasting relationships. Organizations can, therefore, succeed in any environment providing that decision makers make the effort to adhere to standards that are moral, fair, caring, and just. Every unethical behavior should be condemned.

scholarly journals A road to organizational perdition? Business, ethics and corporate social responsibility

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Coldwell
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Specific Potential ◽  
Moral Orientations ◽  
Heuristic Device ◽  
Corporate Social

The paper delineates a heuristic device comprising relationships between levels of instrumentality towards Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) implicit in differential theoretical organizational approaches, associated managerial freedom in ethical decision making, and corresponding managerial moral orientations. Prominent theoretical approaches to CSR including: criticalism, fundamentalism, social corporatism, social institutionalism and moralism identified in the extant literature are delineated. These approaches are synthesised and articulated with the concepts of degrees of CSR instrumentality, ethical freedom and managerial moral orientations to produce a composite heuristic device with specific potential practical implementations. Ramifications of the analysis in terms of developing managers with ethical acumen and providing organizational circumstances allowing this to flourish are briefly discussed.  

Beyond Relativism to Ethical Decision Making

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-239
Author(s):  
Keith D. Walker ◽  
J. Kent Donlevy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Ethical Relativism ◽  
Educational Decision ◽  
Ethical Choices ◽  
Postmodern Ethics

This article examines the ethical conundrum of educational decision makers when faced with a plethora of conflicting value-based decisions. It offers an analysis of a well-known fable as the foil to demonstrate the problematic nature of ethical relativism and postmodern ethics in resolving that conundrum while advocating the use of five core commitments that enable reasonable, consistent, and justifiable warrants for ethical choices.

scholarly journals Are Corporate Social Responsibility Courses Effective? A Longitudinal and Gender-Based Analysis in Undergraduate Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiz-Palomino ◽  
Martínez-Cañas ◽  
Jiménez-Estévez
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Corporate Social

Despite the growing professional and academic interest in sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR) in recent decades, moral lapses continue to happen in the business arena. Because undergraduate students will be the managers and professionals of the future, training these students to be socially responsible is seen as critically relevant for reducing the likelihood of such moral lapses. However, the question of whether CSR courses can be effective is still debated and little is known about the role that gender may play in this relationship. This study analyzed data from 97 undergraduate students enrolled in a CSR course at a Spanish state university. These data were collected twice, (1) a week before the course had started and (2) a week after the course had been completed. The general lineal modelling (GLM) (repeated measures) procedure in SPSS revealed that CSR courses enhance students’ ethical decision-making. More importantly, the positive impact of these courses is stronger for female students than for male students. Thus, this study demonstrates the positive impact of corporate social responsibility courses on students’ ethical decision making, and sheds light on the target (female students) on which these courses is most effective.

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