scholarly journals The Impact of Cultural Capital on Development of Entrepreneurship in Wales

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Balaussa Azubayeva
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Occupational Choice ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Entrepreneurial Entry ◽  
Work Transition ◽  
The Impact

The focus of this paper is the impact of parental cultural capital on offspring’s occupational choice in relation to entrepreneurship. Despite growing interest to cultural motives for entrepreneurship on an individual level, few studies link these two domains empirically. This study follows the Culture Based Development research paradigm (CBD) developed by Tubadji and explores how culture influences occupational choices of school graduates during school-to-work transition. The main hypothesis of this paper is that sons of entrepreneurs are more likely to choose transitions into entrepreneurship after graduating school. I test three hypotheses on a unique historic dataset from Wales, UK, employing Probit analysis. I found a significant correlation between entrepreneurial background of father and son’s entrepreneurial entry. Poor socio-economic status of a father is also a predictor of entry into entrepreneurship of their son, motivated by necessity. The findings of this research contributed to the applicability of CBD to a historic dataset of earlier periods to capture a significant cultural impact on entrepreneurship development in Wales, UK.

The School-to-Work Transition of College Graduates

ILR Review ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Fiorito
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Choice ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Degree Attainment ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
College Majors ◽  
Curriculum Choice ◽  
Work Transition ◽  
First Job ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the relationship between curriculum choice and occupational choice. The lag between curriculum choice and degree attainment generally ensures a mismatch between new labor supply and employer requirements, even if students are quite responsive to labor market conditions. The author hypothesizes that adjustment to that lag is primarily a function of market conditions and the technical compatibility of possible combinations of college majors and occupations. He tests his model with NSF data on two recent cohorts of male baccalaureate recipients, which are used to calculate the probability that a student in a given major obtains a first job in a related occupation. The author's model explains a large proportion of the differences in that probability across majors and occupations.

scholarly journals Co-producing a typology for Green and Blue spaces for a longitudinal, national dataset of Green and Blue spaces

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Mizen ◽  
Richard Fry ◽  
Ben Wheeler ◽  
Sarah Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Government Planning ◽  
The Impact

Background with rationaleSpending time in green-blue spaces (GBS) is beneficial for mental health and wellbeing. There are few longitudinal studies, and definitions of GBS differ within academic studies and between policy, practice and research. Main AimQuantify the impact of longitudinal exposure to GBS on wellbeing and common mental health disorders, for a national population (2008-2018) for use in a population-wide natural experiment. MethodsWe co-produced a GBS typology with planners and policy makers at a day-long workshop using validated public participation methods. Using this typology, we built a national, longitudinal GBS dataset created from local government audits and satellite data for 1.4 million homes in Wales, UK. Results produced a nested national typology to define GBS that built on previous academic literature and considered policy and local government planning priorities. The typology differentiated between inland and coastal GBS and facilities available at the GBS e.g. benches, public toilets etc. We created a national, longitudinal dataset of GBS and a cross-sectional dataset of household-level access to GBS for 2018. Access to GBS varied by socio-economic status, urban/rural classification and type of GBS. ConclusionWe worked with policy and planners to produce a typology that will enable us to translate our findings to be used in evidence based policy and planning. We will use the dataset to create quarterly household access to GBS for eleven years (2008-2018). We will link GBS access scores to individual level mental health for 1.7 million people with primary care data and survey data (n = ~12,000) on wellbeing. The results from the wider study will inform the planning and management of GBS in urban and rural environments and contribute to international work on impacts of the built environment on mental health and wellbeing.

scholarly journals PATTERN AND DETERMINANT OF SUCCESSFUL SCHOOL TO WORK TRANSITION OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN ISLAMIC DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: EVIDENCE FROM EGYPT, JORDAN AND BANGLADESH

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muh Ulil Absor ◽  
Iwu Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
School To Work Transition ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
Successful Transition ◽  
Work Transition ◽  
Successful School ◽  
The Impact

This study considers the impact of conservative cultures, by comparing the patterns and determinants of the successful school-to-work transition of young people in Egypt, Jordan and Bangladesh. This study argues that the most consistent and significant influence of successful transition among male and female youth are micro predictors compared to mezzo and macro predictors. This study found that male and female youth are treated differently during their school-to-work transition. Conservative culture has negative influences on the successful transition of female youth while a positive transition is experienced by male youth. Education is a key strategy in reducing the negative impacts of conservative culture and promoting successful school-to-work transition particularly if both male and female youth are to attain stable employment.

scholarly journals Does the first job affect current youth working status in Bangladesh?

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Mussida ◽  
Dario Sciulli
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Multinomial Distribution ◽  
School To Work ◽  
School To Work Transition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Transition ◽  
Entry Status ◽  
First Job ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis paper evaluates how the first job when individuals entered the labor market affects the probability of youth being currently employed in formal or informal work in Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis is based on data from the ILO School-to-Work Transition Surveys. The authors use a full-information maximum likelihood approach to estimate a two-equation model, which accounts for selection into the labor market when estimating the impact of entry status on current work outcomes. The main equation outcome follows a multinomial distribution thus avoiding a priori assumptions about the level of individual’s utility associated with each work status.FindingsThe authors find that entering the labor market in a vulnerable employment position (i.e. contributing family work or self-employment) traps into vulnerable employment and prevents the transition to both informal and, especially, formal paid work. This finding holds when accounting for endogeneity of the entry status and it is valid both in the short and in the long run. Young women are less likely to enter the labor market, and once entered they are less likely to access formal paid wok and more likely to being inactive than young men. Low education anticipates the entry in the labor market, but it is detrimental for future employment prospects.Originality/valueThe findings indicate the presence of labor market segmentation between vulnerable and non-vulnerable employment and suggest the endpoint quality of the school-to-work transition is crucial for later employment prospects of Bangladeshi youth.

The school-to-work transition, overeducation and wages of youth in Kyrgyzstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1458-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamalbek Karymshakov ◽  
Burulcha Sulaimanova
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
School To Work ◽  
School To Work Transition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Work Transition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Job Mismatch ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, it analyses the relationship between educational level, the school-to-work transition period for youth and positions which suffer from an education-job mismatch in Kyrgyzstan; and second, it investigates the effect of the education-job mismatch on the wages of youth in Kyrgyzstan. Design/methodology/approach The study uses the International Labor Organization 2013 data from the school-to-work transition survey for Kyrgyzstan. The Kaplan–Meier failure analysis is employed to demonstrate the relationship between school-to-work transition and mismatch status. To investigate the effect of an education-job mismatch on wages, a Mincer-type equation with OLS estimations is used. Along with this, taking into consideration potential unobserved heterogeneity issue, a propensity score matching method is applied. Findings The results indicate a large difference between those with tertiary education and those with non-tertiary education in terms of the probability of being employed with a wrong match. Young individuals without tertiary education are more likely to be employed with a right match. Analysis of the impact of overeducation on wages shows that the impact of overeducation depends on how it is measured. According to the objective approach, overeducated male individuals receive low wages compared to well matched, but estimation results based on the total sample of subjective approach indicate the positive effects of overeducation on wage. Originality/value This paper contributes to the existing literature on the school-to-work transition and overeducation by focusing on one of the transition economies, which has been largely neglected by the literature.

scholarly journals The Impact of Education on Youth Employability: The Case of Selected Southeastern European Countries

2022 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2110694
Author(s):  
Daniela Mamucevska Bojadjieva ◽  
Marijana Cvetanoska ◽  
Kristijan Kozheski ◽  
Alen Mujčinović ◽  
Slaven Gašparović
Keyword(s):  
School To Work ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Work Transition ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Ambiguous Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Youth Employability

This paper focuses on the processes of school-to-work transitions in a selected group of countries from South-eastern Europe (SEE), namely: Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Montenegro; North Macedonia; Serbia; and, Slovenia. Each of these countries display the same roots of development in their educational systems: however, due to their transition and integration processes within the European Union, they implemented different concepts of reforms within their educational systems. In addition, the challenges of youth employability are a common problem for each of the selected countries, and the effectiveness of the processes of school-to-work-transition varies across the countries. By using panel data and multiple linear regression models, this paper estimates the impact of different educational levels on youth employability and changes in the rates of NEET population (aged 15–24) in the selected group of countries over the period 2009 to 2019. The results suggest that the impact of the attained level of education has an ambiguous effect on the rates of youth employment; moreover, the relationship with changes in NEET rates are statistically significant and negative in most of the selected group of countries.

scholarly journals COVID-19-Related Stressors and Chinese Adolescents' Adjustment: The Moderating Role of Coping and Online Learning Satisfaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoshan Li ◽  
Xiujuan Tang ◽  
Hou Wu ◽  
Pengyong Sun ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Level Indicator ◽  
Vulnerability Factor ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Learning Satisfaction ◽  
Class Level ◽  
The Impact

The present study aims to examine the main and interactive relations of COVID-19-related stressors, coping, and online learning satisfaction with Chinese adolescents' adjustment during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 850 adolescents from three Chinese secondary schools participated in the survey during the pandemic outbreak, and the data were analyzed by hierarchical linear regression. The results show that COVID-19-related stressors were a vulnerability factor in predicting adjustment. Adolescents' adjustment could be attributed to both individual-level (e.g., coping) and class-level (e.g., a class-level indicator of coping) characteristics. Specifically, problem-based coping and online learning satisfaction can promote adolescents' adjustment directly or serve as a buffer against the negative impact of stressors on adjustment, while emotion-based coping is a vulnerability factor in predicting adjustment directly or as a risk factor in strengthening the relation between stressors and adjustment. Compared with male adolescents and adolescents with high socio-economic status, female and impoverished adolescents reported poorer adjustment during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings enrich our understanding of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents' adjustment and are helpful in improving adolescents' adjustment during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Stuck at a crossroads? The duration of the Italian school-to-work transition

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Pastore ◽  
Claudio Quintano ◽  
Antonella Rocca
Keyword(s):  
Compulsory Education ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Duration Dependence ◽  
School To Work Transition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Italian School ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Work Transition

PurposeThere is a long period from completing studies to finding a permanent or temporary (but at least satisfactory) job in all European countries, especially in Mediterranean countries, including Italy. This paper aims to study the determinants of this duration and measure them, for the first time in a systematic way, in the case of Italy.Design/methodology/approachThis paper provides several measures of duration, including education level and other criteria. Furthermore, it attempts to identify the main determinants of the long Italian transition, both at a macroeconomic and an individual level. It tests for omitted heterogeneity of those who are stuck at this important crossroads in their life within the context of parametric survival models.FindingsThe average duration of the school-to-work transition for young people aged 18–34 years was 2.88 years (or 34.56 months) in 2017. A shorter duration was found for the highly educated; they found a job on average 46 months earlier than those with compulsory education. At a macroeconomic level, the duration over the years 2004–2017 was inversely related to spending in the labour market policy and in education, gross domestic product growth and the degree of trade union density; however, it was directly related to the proportion of temporary contracts. At the individual level, being a woman, a migrant or living in a densely populated area in the South are the risk factors for remaining stuck in the transition. After correcting for omitted heterogeneity, there is clear evidence of positive duration dependence.Practical implicationsPositive duration dependence suggests that focusing on education and labour policy, rather than labour flexibility, is the best way to smooth the transition.Originality/valueThis study develops our understanding of the Italian school-to-work transition regime by providing new and detailed evidence of its duration and by studying its determinants.

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