scholarly journals Impact of Land Use Changes on Soil and Vegetation Characteristics in Fereydan, Iran

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanieh Eghdami ◽  
Ghanimat Azhdari ◽  
Philippe Lebailly ◽  
Hossein Azadi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Significant Difference

To understand and manage ecosystem complexity, it is important to determine the relationships between soil characteristics, human activities, and biodiversity. This study analyzes the relationships between vegetation, soil, and man-made damage with regards to land use change in the Fereydan region, Iran. Soil physical properties such as sand and silt content, clay, saturated soil’s moisture content, and gravel percentage as well as chemical properties such as lime content, pH, electro conductivity (EC), and organic matter content were measured. In order to trace these variables, the principle component analysis (PCA) was applied. The study area was divided into three states of conditions; i.e., good condition rangelands, poor condition rangelands, and abandoned rain-fed area. Based on the results there was a significant difference between species diversity in good condition rangelands compared with two other sites. The results further revealed that among soil chemical and physical characteristics, only soil organic matter had a significant difference between different rangeland sites. According to the results, the rangelands with good conditions had the highest amount of organic matter (1.43–1.50%) compared with two other studied rangelands (poor conditions: 1.02–1.09%; abandoned rain-fed: 1.2–1.46%). The most influential factor on the species diversity index was the distance to village parameter that revealed the important role of humans in degrading rangelands and reducing species diversity.

The Effects of Long‐Term Land‐Use Change on Soil Properties in Perth, Ontario Canada

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trina Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
North America ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Topographic Gradients

Land‐use change can have a major impact on soil properties, leading to long‐term changes in soilnutrient cycling rates and carbon storage. While a substantial amount of research has been conducted onland‐use change in tropical regions, empirical evidence of long‐term conversion of forested land toagricultural land in North America is lacking. Pervasive deforestation for the sake of agriculturethroughout much of North America is likely to have modified soil properties, with implications for theglobal climate. Here, we examined the response of physical, chemical and biological soil properties toconversion of forest to agricultural land (100 years ago) on Roebuck Farm near Perth, Ontario, Canada.Soil samples were collected at three sites from under forest and agricultural vegetative cover on bothhigh‐ and low‐lying topographic positions (12 locations in total; soil profile sampled to a depth of 40cm).Our results revealed that bulk density, pH, and nitrate concentrations were all higher in soils collectedfrom cultivate sites. In contrast, samples from forested sites exhibited greater water‐holding capacity,porosity, organic matter content, ammonia concentrations and cation exchange capacity. Many of these characteristics are linked to greater organic matter abundance and diversity in soils under forestvegetation as compared with agricultural soils. Microbial activity and Q10 values were also higher in theforest soils. While soil properties in the forest were fairly similar across topographic gradients, low‐lyingpositions under agricultural regions had higher bulk density and organic matter content than upslopepositions, suggesting significant movement of material along topographic gradients. Differences in soilproperties are attributed largely to increased compaction and loss of organic matter inputs in theagricultural system. Our results suggest that the conversion of forested land cover to agriculture landcover reduces soil quality and carbon storage, alters long‐term site productivity, and contributes toincreased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.

scholarly journals The Sediment Selectivity of Perinereis aibuhitensis Larvae: Active or Passive?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinghui Fang ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Shan Meng ◽  
Zengjie Jiang ◽  
Jianguang Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Active Selection ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Perinereis Aibuhitensis ◽  
Sampling Times

The selectivity of Perinereis aibuhitensis larvae on different sediment types was studied using an experimental behavioral device in the lab. There were six types of sediment with different organic matter content: 2.19, 2.30, 2.86, 3.25, 3.51, and 5.52%. The results indicated significant differences in the six treatments’ organic matter content (p < 0.05). When the P. aibuhitensis larvae initially attached to the sediment, the larvae’s density showed no significant difference among the six treatments. The density of larvae decreased gradually during the experimental period. It increased with the increasing organic matter content in sediment at every sampling time, but there was no significant difference (p > 0.05). The larvae’s specific growth rate in the first month was significantly higher than those in the second and third months (p < 0.05). The mortality showed no significance at different sediments in equal sampling times, but the mortality was lower in high organic matter content sediments. This study showed that the P. aibuhitensis larvae did not make an active selection; random selection happened when initially attached to the sediment with different organic matter contents. Higher organic matter content in the sediment was more conducive to larvae survival, and the organic matter content is the limitation factor on the mortality and the density. The different densities in the natural habitat of P. aibuhitensis might occur due to the passive selection by the environment.

scholarly journals Structure and Distribution of Macrobenthos Community in Code River, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Ratih Ida Adharini ◽  
Putri Latifa Arumsari
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Water Ph

This research aimed to explore the community structure of macrobenthos in Code River, Yogyakarta. This research was conducted during December 2019-January 2020 in Code River, Yogyakarta. Data was taken 4 times in 6 stations. Macrobenthos was taken using a Surber net with a size of 30 x 30 cm and sampling at 5 spots in each station. Data analysis consisted of density, diversity index, dominance index, and evenness index. Water quality data consisted of water temperature, flow velocity, water depth, water pH, dissolved oxygen, and organic matter. The results showed that the density of macrobenthos ranged from 54-172 ind/m2. Our results showed that Code River has moderate diversity based on the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Sulcospira testudinaria is the most dominant species in Code River. The evenness index showed high except at station 2 which was categorized as moderate. Code River has pretty good water quality, but stations 3, 4, and 5 which are located in the city area, it has a high organic matter content.

scholarly journals Influence of land use change on the waterbird community of Sihwa Lake, Republic of Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunjae Lee ◽  
Junghee Sagong ◽  
Yohan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Barren Land ◽  
Waterbird Species ◽  
Increasing Trends

Abstract Background Land use and development alter mudflat and wetland habitat availability, although mudflats and wetlands provide important stopover habitats for shorebirds during the spring and autumn migrations and support communities of ducks and geese during the winter months in the Republic of Korea. This study investigated land use changes around Sihwa Lake (Republic of Korea) and evaluated the effect of these changes on waterbird community characteristics. Methods We conducted a land-use-change analysis at the medium-resolution level using land cover maps for 2001, 2007, 2009, and 2014. Also, a tidal stream survey was conducted in Sihwa Lake and the surrounding reclaimed mudflats every season for 10 years (2003–2012) to identify the seasonal and interannual variations in waterbird species composition. To determine the total annual waterbird species and population counts, species diversity index, and interspecies variations, a TRIM (trends and indices for monitoring data) analysis was used. Results Wetland area decreased more than 10% while agricultural land, barren land, and grassland area increased more than 10% due to continuous reclamation activities around Sihwa Lake. Barren land later turned into agricultural land or other land use. Sixty-three species and 566,623 individuals were recorded. The number of species, population size, and species diversity index by year and by species showed decreasing trends that were more marked in spring and summer. Furthermore, seasonal and annual variations in waterbird species composition showed decreasing trends in dabbling ducks, herons, grebes, and shorebirds but diving ducks displayed increasing trends. In particular, shorebirds were reduced to a greater extent than other waterbird species because of the reduction and simplification of the intertidal zone, and shallow waters caused by reclamation and road construction. Conclusions Increased development and construction around Sihwa Lake has altered migratory shorebird populations with a general decline in species diversity and population size. The greatest decline was observed in wading birds, while diving duck populations showed increasing trends.

Empirical Analysis on the Influence of Different Land Use on Soil Organic Matter

2014 ◽  
Vol 484-485 ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Han Zheng Kong ◽  
Ju Sheng Jiang ◽  
Zong Bo Peng ◽  
Yu Jie Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Tillage Method

In this paper, we take secondary forest, orchard, and woodland soils of rubber in different planting years as a research subject and analyze the influence of different land use on soil organic matter. The results show that land use has significant influence on soil organic matter components (p <0.01). We conducted a survey and sampling on 10 age classes of Hainan Dongfang Daguangba (3, 8, 13, 18,23,29,33,35,38,42 years old) rubber plantation plots soil layer (0 cm-20 cm, 20 cm-40 cm), and conducted in-house testing analysis of its organic matter content, and achieved preliminary exploration that soil organic matter content of different land use patterns in Dongfang City in Hainan: secondary forest> orchard> rubber plantation. These differences are mainly due to the litter under different tillage quantity, quality and variety of management measures. While orchards and rubber plantation have used different tillage method, as a plantation by human, it was greatly influenced by human.

scholarly journals Sustainable land use and soil quality: organic matter as an indicator

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Du Preez
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Recent Approach

In this review the most recent approach to sustainable land use and the role that soil quality plays therein are described briefly. The requirements to which indicators must conform for the meaningful evaluation of the quality of soil and sustainability of land use are also elucidated. Thereafter the processes of physical, chemical and biological soil degradation are given. A concise discussion follows on the extent of physical and chemical soil degradation in South Africa, of which there is reliable information. Biological soil degradation is treated in more detail. Attention is given firstly to the role of soil organic matter in biogeochemical cycles. Thereafter the influence of different land use systems in the central parts of South Africa on the organic matter content and consequently the nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur reserves of soils is discussed by using examples. The conclusion is that organic matter is an important indicator of soil quality and thus also of sustainable land use.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN TEKSTUR SEDIMEN DAN KANDUNGAN BAHAN ORGANIK DENGAN KELIMPAHAN MAKROZOOBENTOS DI MUARA SUNGAI SILANDAK, SEMARANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-370
Author(s):  
Dewi Meynita ◽  
Max Rudolf Muskananfola ◽  
Sri Sedjati
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Sediment Texture ◽  
Coastal Reclamation

ABSTRAK Muara Sungai Silandak merupakan salah satu subsistem drainase wilayah Semarang Barat yang bermuara ke teluk Semarang.Muara merupakan tempat akumulasi buangan limbah domestik dan pabrik. Dilakukannya reklamasi pantai pada bagian hilir Muara Silandak dapat menyebabkan sedimentasi yang akan mempengaruhi keberadaan makrozoobentos. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tekstur sedimen, kandungan bahan organik dan kelimpahan makrozoobentos.Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sampel sedimen dan sampel makrozoobentos pada setiap stasiun yang berlokasi di muara sampai pesisir Pantai Maron.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan sampling acak atau Random Sampling dengan empat stasiun.Pada setiap stasiun terdapat tiga titik sampling, sampel sedimen dan makrozoobentos diambil pada setiap titik kemudian dikomposit perstasiun.Sampling dilakukan pada interval waktu dua minggu dengan tiga kali pengulangan.Hasil analisis tekstur sedimen pada stasiun I memiliki tekstur liat sedangkan stasiun II, III dan IV memiliki tekstur lempung liat berpasir. Hasil kandungan bahan organik pada stasiun I,II, III dan IV sebesar 19,33%, 15,20%, 13,40% dan 10,67%. Sedangkan kelimpahan makrozoobentos yang didapatkan stastiun I sebesar 652 ind/m3 , stasiun II 696 ind/m3 , stasiun III 783 ind/m3 (tertinggi) dan stasiun IV 261 ind/m3 dengan katagori indeks keanekaragaman belum tercemar dan tidak adanya jenis yang mendominasi.  Kata kunci: Tekstur Sedimen, Kandungan Bahan Organik, Kelimpahan Makrozoobentos, Muara Sungai Silandak Semarang.   ABSTRACT Silandak Estuary is one of the subsystem drainage areas in West Semarang that flow into the bay of Semarang. The estuary is a place of accumulation of domestic sewage and factories. Coastal reclamation at the downstream estuary Silandak causing sedimentation that will affect the existence of macrozoobenthos. The purpose of this research was to know the sediment texture, organic matter content and abundance of macrozoobenthos. The material used in this research is the sediment samples and samples of macrozoobenthos at any station located at the estuary to the coast of Maron. The research used random sampling with four stations. At each station there are three sampling points, samples of sediment and makrozoobentos taken at any point which then composite sample at each station. The sampling was done with time interval of two weeks with three repetitions. The results of the sediment texture at the station I has the texture of clay while the station II, III and IV have a texture of sandy clay loam. The results of the organic material content at stations I, II, III and IV is amounted 19,33%, 15,20%, 13,40% and 10,67% and while abundance of makrozoobentos at station I are 652 ind/m3, station II 696 ind/m3, station III 783 ind/m3(higher) and station IV 261 ind/m3 with a diversity index categories clean water zone and not found the dominant species. Keywords: Sediment Textures, Organic Matter Contents, Abundance of Makrozoobentos, Silandak Estuary Semarang. 

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