scholarly journals Transcriptional Modulation of Resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Korean Race K2 in japonica Rice

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 960
Author(s):  
Marjohn C. Niño ◽  
Yong-Gu Cho
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Cellular Reprogramming ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Defense Compounds ◽  
Twin Arginine Translocation ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Highly Expressed Genes

Bacterial blight is a common disease found in the rice-growing regions in the Korean peninsula. Identification of the gene network involved against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Korean race K2 in popular japonica cultivars is essential in underpinning the molecular mechanism of resistance. A microarray of two popular Korean japonica rice cultivars, a bacterial blight susceptible Dongjin and resistant Jinbaek, was performed to investigate the transcripts of inducible genes at 48 h post-inoculation. A total of 771 differentially expressed genes were identified in Jinbaek, whereas 298 were found in Dongjin. The resistance observed in Jinbaek is likely participated by genes with predicted functions in transmembrane perception, intracellular signal transduction, and transcription activity. Moreover, the remarkable involvement of numerous WRKY proteins signifies orchestration of defense signals via robust cellular reprogramming, which leads to resistance. To discover genes essential to bacterial blight resistance in Jinbaek, 13 highly expressed genes encoding different protein classes were cloned and overexpressed in rice. Although none of the overexpression plants exhibited resistance comparable to Jinbaek, four candidate genes, including one twin-arginine translocation pathway signal (LOC_Os01g45640.1), one cytochrome p450 (LOC_Os09g10340.1), and two uncharacterized expressed protein (LOC_Os08g26230.4, LOC_Os09g04310.1) conferred partial resistance. However, of these four genes, only p450s have been reported to play an important role in the synthesis of plant defense compounds. These findings revealed the complexity of key immune signaling conduits critical to mounting a full defense against Xanthomonas. oryzae pv. oryzae race K2 in japonica rice.

scholarly journals Multiple Adhesin-Like Functions of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Are Involved in Promoting Leaf Attachment, Entry, and Virulence on Rice

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Das ◽  
Nandini Rangaraj ◽  
Ramesh V. Sonti
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is the causal agent of bacterial blight of rice. We have used enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged X. oryzae pv. oryzae cells in conjunction with confocal microscopy to monitor the role of several adhesin-like functions in bacterial adhesion to leaf surface and early stages of leaf entry. Mutations in genes encoding either the Xanthomonas adhesin-like protein A (XadA) or its paralog, Xanthomonas adhesin-like protein B (XadB), as well as the X. oryzae pv. oryzae homolog of Yersinia autotransporter-like protein H (YapH), exhibit deficiencies in leaf attachment or entry. A mutation in the X. oryzae pv. oryzae pilQ gene, which is predicted to encode the type IV pilus secretin, appears to have no effect on leaf attachment or entry. The xadA– mutant is deficient in the ability to cause disease following surface inoculation while the XadB, YapH, and PilQ functions are less important than XadA for this process. The xadA– and xadB– mutants have no effect on virulence following wound inoculation whereas the yapH– and pilQ– mutants are always virulence deficient following wound inoculation. Overall, these results indicate that multiple adhesin-like functions are involved in promoting virulence of X. oryzae pv. oryzae, with preferential involvement of individual functions at different stages of the disease process.

Identification and Molecular Mapping of Xa32(t), a Novel Resistance Gene for Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) in Rice

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1173-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong-Ke ZHENG ◽  
Chun-Lian WANG ◽  
Yuan-Jie YU ◽  
Yun-Tao LIANG ◽  
Kai-Jun ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae

scholarly journals Identification of Novel Type III Secretion Effectors in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayako Furutani ◽  
Minako Takaoka ◽  
Harumi Sanada ◽  
Yukari Noguchi ◽  
Takashi Oku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Type Iii Secretion ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Genes Encoding

Many gram-negative bacteria secrete so-called effector proteins via a type III secretion (T3S) system. Through genome screening for genes encoding potential T3S effectors, 60 candidates were selected from rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae MAFF311018 using these criteria: i) homologs of known T3S effectors in plant-pathogenic bacteria, ii) genes with expression regulated by hrp regulatory protein HrpX, or iii) proteins with N-terminal amino acid patterns associated with T3S substrates of Pseudomonas syringae. Of effector candidates tested with the Bordetella pertussis calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase reporter for translocation into plant cells, 16 proteins were translocated in a T3S system-dependent manner. Of these 16 proteins, nine were homologs of known effectors in other plant-pathogenic bacteria and seven were not. Most of the effectors were widely conserved in Xanthomonas spp.; however, some were specific to X. oryzae. Interestingly, all these effectors were expressed in an HrpX-dependent manner, suggesting coregulation of effectors and the T3S system. In X. campestris pv. vesicatoria, HpaB and HpaC (HpaP in X. oryzae pv. oryzae) have a central role in recruiting T3S substrates to the secretion apparatus. Secretion of all but one effector was reduced in both HpaB– and HpaP– mutant strains, indicating that HpaB and HpaP are widely involved in efficient secretion of the effectors.

scholarly journals The Tolerance of Salinity in Rice Requires the Presence of a Functional Copy of FLN2

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Chen ◽  
Jiang Hu ◽  
Liuliu Dong ◽  
Dali Zeng ◽  
Longbiao Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Knockout Line

A panel of ethane-methyl-sulfonate-mutagenized japonica rice lines was grown in the presence of salinity in order to identify genes required for the expression of salinity tolerance. A highly nontolerant selection proved to harbor a mutation in FLN2, a gene which encodes fructokinase-like protein2. Exposure of wild-type rice to salinity up-regulated FLN2, while a CRISPR/Cas9-generated FLN2 knockout line was hypersensitive to the stress. Both ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity and the abundance of the transcript generated by a number of genes encoding components of sucrose synthesis were lower in the knockout line than in wild-type plants’ leaves, while the sucrose contents of the leaf and root were, respectively, markedly increased and decreased. That sugar partitioning to the roots was impaired in FLN2 knockout plants was confirmed by the observation that several genes involved in carbon transport were down-regulated in both the leaf and in the leaf sheath. The levels of sucrose synthase, acid invertase, and neutral invertase activity were distinctly lower in the knockout plants’ roots than in those of wild-type plants, particularly when the plants were exposed to salinity stress. The compromised salinity tolerance exhibited by the FLN2 knockout plants was likely a consequence of an inadequate supply of the assimilate required to support growth, a problem which was rectifiable by providing an exogenous supply of sucrose. The conclusion was that FLN2, on account of its influence over sugar metabolism, is important in the context of seedling growth and the rice plant’s response to salinity stress.

scholarly journals Relationship of Bacterial Leaf Blight Disease of Cotton with Different Weather Parameters Under South Gujarat Condition of India

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
P.B. Sandipan ◽  
R.K. Patel ◽  
G.O. Faldu ◽  
D.M. Patel ◽  
B.G. Solanki
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Boll Rot ◽  
Bacterial Blight Disease ◽  
Blight Disease

Abstract Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the family Malvaceae. Bacterial blight of cotton, also know as angular leaf spot, boll rot, and black leg, is a potentially destructive bacterial disease of cotton production. The disease caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (Smith) Dye (synonyms Xanthomonas malvacearum (E.F. Sm) Dowson) is one of the most important and serious disease in cotton crop. Main objective of present research is to study the progress of the bacterial blight disease of cotton (BLB), caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (Smith) Dye, with relation to the environmental parameters. This is a common disease affecting the growth, development and yield of cotton. A field trial was conducted to determine the influence of environmental factors, viz. rainfall periods, temperature, sun shine hours and humidity on the development of disease. Bacterial blight disease was recorded with its appearance and subsequently at weekly interval till it prevailed on G. Cot. Hy.12 (Non Bt). The incidence of bacterial blight disease (BLB) was noticed during 28 to 49th standard week with the maximum disease intensity in third week of September (23.5% PDI). None of the abiotic factors had significant influence on bacterial blight disease progress and development.

scholarly journals The Role of a Host-Induced Arginase of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in Promoting Virulence on Rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (11) ◽  
pp. 1869-1877
Author(s):  
Yuqiang Zhang ◽  
Guichun Wu ◽  
Ian Palmer ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Guoliang Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Bacterial Blight Of Rice

The plant bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial blight of rice, which is one of the most destructive rice diseases prevalent in Asia and parts of Africa. Despite many years of research, how X. oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial blight of rice is still not completely understood. Here, we show that the loss of the rocF gene caused a significant decrease in the virulence of X. oryzae pv. oryzae in the susceptible rice cultivar IR24. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that rocF encodes arginase. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot assays revealed that rocF expression was significantly induced by rice and arginine. The rocF deletion mutant strain showed elevated sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, reduced extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production, and reduced biofilm formation, all of which are important determinants for the full virulence of X. oryzae pv. oryzae, compared with the wild-type strain. Taken together, the results of this study revealed a mechanism by which a bacterial arginase is required for the full virulence of X. oryzae pv. oryzae on rice because of its contribution to tolerance to reactive oxygen species, EPS production, and biofilm formation.

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