scholarly journals Quantitative and Qualitative Composition of Bacterial Communities of Malting Barley Grain and Malt during Long-Term Storage

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1301
Author(s):  
Soňa Felšöciová ◽  
Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski ◽  
Tomáš Krajčovič ◽  
Štefan Dráb ◽  
Miroslava Kačániová
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Barley Grains

In the grain samples of three malting barley varieties harvested in 2016, and in the malt made from them, we observed microbial changes during storage. Analyses were performed after 0, 3, 6, and 9 months of storage in floor warehouses and silos. We monitored microbial changes based on the quantitative determination of microorganisms using a plate dilution method and qualitative determination of microorganisms, where we identified a particular species of bacteria using the MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper instrument (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany). Based on the quantitative determination of microorganisms, we found that the total plate counts of microorganisms was higher in malts than in barley grains. The storage period had the greatest impact on the number of coliform bacteria, which gradually increased with the growing months in storage. The number of lactic acid bacteria in barley grains with the growing months in storage and malt produced from them decreased slightly, and the content of the sporulating bacteria in all the samples fluctuated slightly. Differences in the numbers of observed microorganisms were negligible during storage between floor warehouses and silos. In the samples of barleys, the most commonly identified species were Pantoea agglomerans, which was also present in malt samples but did not belong to the dominant species. A diverse species representation appeared in the samples, whereas predominating species belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae family.

Effect of Cooling Rates and Temperatures on Quality and Safety of Quahog Clams (Mercenaria mercenaria)

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-848
Author(s):  
LINDA ANKENMAN GRANATA ◽  
DIANNE WALL BOURNE ◽  
GEORGE J. FLICK ◽  
MICHAEL PEIRSON ◽  
TARA RILEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Period ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Shell Shock ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Shellfish Sanitation ◽  
Term Storage

The model ordinance in the National Shellfish Sanitation Program's Guide for the Control of Molluscan Shellfish was initially established for oysters; however, the clam industry also follows the protocol. Rapid cooling during periods when the growing waters exceed 80°F (26.7°C) results in cold shock, which causes unacceptable mortalities in clams. The clam industry was looking for a procedure to lower the clams to the standard temperature while minimizing shell shock mortalities during the warm summer months. Three tempering treatments were examined, and total aerobic plate counts (APCs) and most-probable-number (MPN) counts of Vibrio, V. parahaemolyticus, and fecal coliforms were enumerated. In treatment 1 (control), clams were harvested, held for 5 h at 90°F (32.2°C), and then moved to 45°F (7.2°C) for storage. In treatment 2, clams were harvested and held for 5 h at 90°F (32.2°C), followed by 12 h at 65°F (18.3°C) and 12 h at 55°F (12.8°C), and then were moved to 45°F (7.2°C) for long-term storage. In treatment 3, clams were harvested and held for 5 h at 90°F (32.2°C), followed by 24 h at 55°F (12.8°C) before being moved to 45°F (7.2°C) for long-term storage. Three replicate trials were performed with triplicate analyses during late June through early to mid-August. The current National Shellfish Sanitation Program standard is treatment 1; it contained statistically (P ≤ 0.05) higher total APCs than treatments 2 and 3 throughout the 21-day storage period. APCs ranged from 2.3 ×104 immediately after harvest to 2.7 ×106, 1.6 ×105, and 4.8 ×105 for treatments 1, 2, and 3, respectively, after 14 days of storage. A statistical analysis showed that treatments 2 and 3 had significantly lower total MPN per gram Vibrio than treatment 1 on day 7 but were equal to treatment 1 on days 1 and 14. MPN per gram for V. parahaemolyticus was statistically lower in treatments 2 and 3 than in treatment 1 on storage days 1 and 7. However, on day 14, treatment 3 was significantly lower than treatments 1 and 2. There was no statistical difference for fecal coliforms. The greatest mortality occurred in treatment 1 (87.4%), followed by treatment 2 (83.3%) and treatment 3 (66.0%). The outcome of this research clearly shows that treatments 2 and 3 can cool clams to a temperature of 45°F (7.2°C) without compromising quality or safety and can reduce the number of dead clams introduced into the marketplace.

scholarly journals The effect of long-term storage on quality of malting barley grain and malt

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom� KRAJCOVIC ◽  
Vratislav Psota ◽  
Lenka Sachambula ◽  
J�n Marecek
Keyword(s):  
Barley Grain ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage

Bacillus cereus in Refrigerated Milk Submitted to Different Heat Treatments

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1301-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGIANA S. B. AIRES ◽  
EDUARDO H. M. WALTER ◽  
VALÉRIA C. A. JUNQUEIRA ◽  
SALVADOR M. ROIG ◽  
JOSÉ A. F. FARIA
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

The possibility of the survival, germination, and multiplication of Bacillus cereus in extended-shelf-life milk prompted research into the occurrence of the bacteria in refrigerated milk submitted to different heat treatments. Samples were submitted to ultrapasteurization (138°C for 2 s), “superpasteurization” (96°C for 13 s), and pasteurization (74°C for 15 s) and stored under refrigeration at 4 ± 2°C for up to 6 weeks. The milk was analyzed for its sensory quality and for the quantitative determination of mesophilic and psychrotrophic B. cereus in the vegetative form at incubation temperatures of 7 and 30°C, in addition to standard plate counts and psychrotrophic counts. In the three experimental trials, the psychrotrophic B. cereus counts were below the detection limit of the methodology (<10 CFU/ml) in all of the samples analyzed, independent of the heat treatment and storage period. The count of mesophilic B. cereus was restricted to samples of superpasteurized and pasteurized milk from a single trial, reaching 4.0 × 101 and 7.0 × 105 CFU/ml, respectively. Although the pasteurized milk had higher populations of mesophilic B. cereus after the second week of storage, flavor defects resulting in sensory rejection of the product did not appear before the fourth week of storage. The results of this research indicate that superpasteurization and ultrapasteurization are adequate for maintaining the product at refrigeration temperatures for 6 weeks. Pasteurized milk produced under clean conditions should have a shelf life limited to less than 2 weeks.

Preparation And elemental analysis of ancient fibers

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 410-411
Author(s):  
Allen Angel ◽  
Kathryn A. Jakes
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Backscattered Electron ◽  
Electron Imaging

Fabrics recovered from archaeological sites often are so badly degraded that fiber identification based on physical morphology is difficult. Although diagenetic changes may be viewed as destructive to factors necessary for the discernment of fiber information, changes occurring during any stage of a fiber's lifetime leave a record within the fiber's chemical and physical structure. These alterations may offer valuable clues to understanding the conditions of the fiber's growth, fiber preparation and fabric processing technology and conditions of burial or long term storage (1).Energy dispersive spectrometry has been reported to be suitable for determination of mordant treatment on historic fibers (2,3) and has been used to characterize metal wrapping of combination yarns (4,5). In this study, a technique is developed which provides fractured cross sections of fibers for x-ray analysis and elemental mapping. In addition, backscattered electron imaging (BSI) and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDS) are utilized to correlate elements to their distribution in fibers.

Quantitative determination of longitudinal and transverse cross-relaxation rates

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (9/10) ◽  
pp. 1608-1615
Author(s):  
T. E. Malliavin ◽  
H. Desvaux ◽  
M. A. Delsuc
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Cross Relaxation ◽  
Relaxation Rates
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