Effect of Cooling Rates and Temperatures on Quality and Safety of Quahog Clams (Mercenaria mercenaria)

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-848
Author(s):  
LINDA ANKENMAN GRANATA ◽  
DIANNE WALL BOURNE ◽  
GEORGE J. FLICK ◽  
MICHAEL PEIRSON ◽  
TARA RILEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Period ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Shell Shock ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Shellfish Sanitation ◽  
Term Storage

The model ordinance in the National Shellfish Sanitation Program's Guide for the Control of Molluscan Shellfish was initially established for oysters; however, the clam industry also follows the protocol. Rapid cooling during periods when the growing waters exceed 80°F (26.7°C) results in cold shock, which causes unacceptable mortalities in clams. The clam industry was looking for a procedure to lower the clams to the standard temperature while minimizing shell shock mortalities during the warm summer months. Three tempering treatments were examined, and total aerobic plate counts (APCs) and most-probable-number (MPN) counts of Vibrio, V. parahaemolyticus, and fecal coliforms were enumerated. In treatment 1 (control), clams were harvested, held for 5 h at 90°F (32.2°C), and then moved to 45°F (7.2°C) for storage. In treatment 2, clams were harvested and held for 5 h at 90°F (32.2°C), followed by 12 h at 65°F (18.3°C) and 12 h at 55°F (12.8°C), and then were moved to 45°F (7.2°C) for long-term storage. In treatment 3, clams were harvested and held for 5 h at 90°F (32.2°C), followed by 24 h at 55°F (12.8°C) before being moved to 45°F (7.2°C) for long-term storage. Three replicate trials were performed with triplicate analyses during late June through early to mid-August. The current National Shellfish Sanitation Program standard is treatment 1; it contained statistically (P ≤ 0.05) higher total APCs than treatments 2 and 3 throughout the 21-day storage period. APCs ranged from 2.3 ×104 immediately after harvest to 2.7 ×106, 1.6 ×105, and 4.8 ×105 for treatments 1, 2, and 3, respectively, after 14 days of storage. A statistical analysis showed that treatments 2 and 3 had significantly lower total MPN per gram Vibrio than treatment 1 on day 7 but were equal to treatment 1 on days 1 and 14. MPN per gram for V. parahaemolyticus was statistically lower in treatments 2 and 3 than in treatment 1 on storage days 1 and 7. However, on day 14, treatment 3 was significantly lower than treatments 1 and 2. There was no statistical difference for fecal coliforms. The greatest mortality occurred in treatment 1 (87.4%), followed by treatment 2 (83.3%) and treatment 3 (66.0%). The outcome of this research clearly shows that treatments 2 and 3 can cool clams to a temperature of 45°F (7.2°C) without compromising quality or safety and can reduce the number of dead clams introduced into the marketplace.

scholarly journals The Influence of 1-Methylcyclopropene on `Cortland' and `McIntosh' Apple Quality Following Long-term Storage

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1062-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. DeLong ◽  
Robert K. Prange ◽  
Peter A. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Apple Quality ◽  
Term Storage

`Redcort Cortland' and `Redmax' and `Summerland McIntosh' apples (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) were treated with 900 nL·L-1 of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 24 hours at 20 °C before storage and were kept at 3 °C in either a controlled atmosphere (CA) of 2 kPa O2 and <2.5 kPa CO2 or in an air (RA) environment for up to 9 months. After 4.5 months, half of the fruit were treated with a second 900 nL·L-1 1-MCP application in air at 3 °C for 24 hours and then returned to RA or CA storage. At harvest and following removal at 3, 6, and 9 months and a 7-day shelf life at 20 °C, fruit firmness, titratable acidity (TA) and soluble solids content (SSC) were measured, while internal ethylene concentrations (IEC) in the apple core were quantified after 1 day at 20 °C. Upon storage removal and following a 21-day shelf life at 20 °C, disorder incidence was evaluated. 1-MCP-treated apples, particularly those held in CA-storage, were more firm and had lower IEC than untreated fruit. Higher TA levels were maintained with 1-MCP in all three strains from both storages, while SSC was not affected. Following the 6- and/or 9-month removals, 1-MCP suppressed superficial scald development in all strains and reduced core browning and senescent breakdown in RA-stored `Redmax' and `Summerland' and senescent breakdown in RA-stored `Redcort'. 1-MCP generally maintained the quality of `Cortland' and `McIntosh' fruit held in CA and RA environments (particularly the former) to a higher degree than untreated apples over the 9-month storage period. A second midstorage application of 1-MCP at 3 °C did not improve poststorage fruit quality above a single, prestorage treatment.

scholarly journals Scientific significance of using protective devices in pear storage in refrigerated warehouses (in the case of Uzbekistan)

2021 ◽  
Vol 939 (1) ◽  
pp. 012039
Author(s):  
A Sh Azizov ◽  
K S Sultonov ◽  
J A Gafurov
Keyword(s):  
Modified Atmosphere Packaging ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Scientific Significance ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Initial Research ◽  
Main Factor

Abstract In this article, a scientific study on the long-term storage of Santa Maria pears in refrigerated warehouses through using modern protective equipment, special bags and ethylene-absorbing absorbers, was conducted. Accordingly, the main factor influencing the long shelf life of pears was the natural loss during the storage. It was considered that calculation and analysis of effects inducing the natural loss were pivotal to improve the preservation of the fruit, maintain freshness and all useful elements of the fruit, and prolong the storage period. Ethylene absorber and Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) packages were used in the initial research step, and collected pears were placed in the refrigerator at a temperature of 0-2°C in 8 different Options. Results showed that the higher natural loss in the fruit stored without employing any means (in option 1) was 5.45% equal to 193.9 gram, whereas the best result was in Option 7 used the MAP special plastic bag and two pieces of absorbers, and compared to the initial weight, 4099 grams, the natural loss in the fruit was 1.20% equal to 47.7 gram.

scholarly journals Evaluation of long term storage of apples by means of fractal analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Ľ. Kubík ◽  
A. Pavelková ◽  
T. Hornyák ◽  
P. Kováč ◽  
V. Horčin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Structure Determination ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Structure Degradation ◽  
Term Storage

Realization of long-term apple storage requires the most detailed information about the flesh structure and texture, whose quality is contributing by responsible way to the whole quality of the evaluated fruits. The fractal analysis that the fractal dimension of the flesh structure determination is enabling was used. Structure degradation of four apples variants of the variety Idared was evaluated by fractal dimension during long-term storage in standard conditions. The influence of the storage on the fractal dimension was investigated by means of regression dependencies. The dependences express a decrease of the fractal dimension value in the relation to the increasing storage period. The influence of long term storage and influence of the variants of the fertilization on the fractal dimension was confirmed by means of analysis of variance. Connectivity between fractal dimension and descriptors of quality of the apple flesh structure was determined with utilization of the sensoric analysis. Fractal dimension expresses the structural and textural properties of the apple flesh.

Research on the Effect of Prehydration of Portland Cement Stored in Normal Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 670-671 ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey Adamtsevich ◽  
Aleksey Eremin ◽  
Andrey Pustovgar ◽  
Stanislav Pashkevich ◽  
Sergey Nefedov
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Heat Evolution ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Moisture Influence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Activity Decrease ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Term Storage

This article is a stage of the author’s research into the impact of different factors on the hydration of mineral binders. The problem of cement activity decrease due to adsorption moisture influence during long-term storage in normal conditions (20°C and 50% RH) was examined. The influence of storage period in airtight and non-airtight conditions on the kinetics of heat evolution during hydration as well as on phase composition of Portland cement was characterized using experimental methods.

scholarly journals Effect of Biostimulants and Storage on Discoloration Potential of Carrot

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1894
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Szczepanek ◽  
Jarosław Pobereżny ◽  
Elżbieta Wszelaczyńska ◽  
Katarzyna Gościnna
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Oxidation Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage

The application of biostimulants to prevent stress-related losses and increase productivity is becoming an increasingly common practice. A study was carried out to determine the effect of the type and methods of biostimulant application and long-term storage on the content of antioxidant compounds determining the processes of the enzymatic browning of carrot roots. The natural seaweed biostimulant Kelpak and synthetic Asahi were applied as part of the study. A quality assessment of carrot roots was carried out directly after harvest and after six months of storage in air at a temperature of 1 °C and a relative humidity of 95%. A single application of Kelpak seaweed extract in the four-leaf phase (2 or 3 dm3 ha−1) proved to be the most effective for reducing oxidative darkening processes (by 33.5%). The oxidative potential was most strongly dependent on the anthocyanin (r = −0.477) and chlorogenic acid (r = −0.474) contents. The concentration of polyphenols (r = 0.836; r = 0.719) and flavonoids (r = 0.671; r = 0.729) had the greatest effect on the antioxidant capacity (FRAP and ABTS respectively). It was observed that pectin, polyphenol, chlorogenic acid, flavonoid and anthocyanin concentrations tended to increase after a single application of Kelpak in a dose of 2 dm3 ha−1. A long-term storage period had a stronger effect on the increase in the oxidation potential than on the antioxidant capacity FRAP value.

scholarly journals Effect of ageing on magnetic and electrical properties of Ti–substituted La-Sr manganites

2018 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 06002 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Badelin ◽  
Z. Datskaya ◽  
S. Estemirova ◽  
V. Karpasyuk ◽  
D. Merkulov
Keyword(s):  
Curie Point ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Ti Content ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Error Of Measurement

The changes of structural, magnetic and electrical parameters of ceramic La0.8-xSr0.2+xMn1-xTixO3+γ (0.025 ≤ x ≤ 0.150) manganites during long-term storage at room temperature and after thermal cycling were investigated. The unit cell volume (V) of all manganites decreased over time. Most considerable decrease of V and broadening of X-ray diffraction lines width were observed in the samples with high quantity of titanium. During the storage period magnetization (σ) and Curie point (Tc) of manganites with relatively low Ti content decreased, while the compositions with high values of “x” exhibited some trend of σ and Tc increase. The resistance of the samples with x < 0.100 increased over time. Fluctuations of magnetization of all thermal-aged samples were within the error of measurement, and Curie point of manganites with x = 0.150 showed the rise. From the data obtained it might be inferred that ageing phenomena in Ti-substituted manganites can be associated with oxidation processes, the transfer of Ti4+ to vacant sites in rare-earth sublattice and formation of microinhomogeneities.

scholarly journals Germination of Hymenaea courbaril: Storage Behavior, Origin, and Substrate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Regnier
Keyword(s):  
Storage Period ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Hymenaea Courbaril ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Germination Potential ◽  
Population Origin ◽  
One Year ◽  
Term Storage

Hymenaea courbaril is an endangered species, promising to reforestation programs and mainly explored as a wood source. The available information concerning long-term storage methods, seed recalcitrance, parental, and substrate influence is scarce. This study focused on the seed behavior according to population origin and during one-year storage, also testing the efficiency of the low-temperature conservation. Variations between the uncertainty indexes were found to the studied populations after long-term storage. There was no significant loss of the germination potential in consequence of the prolonged storage period. Although, older seeds promoted gradually greater delayed germination. Germination speed, synchrony, and uncertainty indexes were substantially different between the -20&deg; conservation and control. H. courbaril seeds are capable of long-term storage without losing their germination potential, indicating an orthodox behavior.

Efficacy of the Antigenicity-Retaining Ability of Fixative Solutions for Liquid-Based Cytology: Immunocytochemistry of Long-Term Storage

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hiaki Sato ◽  
Yoshiaki Norimatsu ◽  
Satoshi Irino ◽  
Takeshi Nishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Immunocytochemical Staining ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology ◽  
Term Storage

<b><i>Introduction/Objective:</i></b> Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is advantageous as multiple stained specimens can be prepared and used for additional assays such as immunocytochemical and molecular-pathological investigations. Two types of preservative-fixative solutions (fixatives) are used for nongynecologic specimens used in the BD SurePath-LBC (SP-LBC) method, and their components vary. However, few studies have evaluated the differences in antigen-retaining ability between these fixatives. Therefore, we investigated and compared the antigen-retaining ability of the fixatives in immunocytochemical staining (ICC) under long-term storage conditions. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Sediments of cultured RAJI cells (derived from Burkitt’s lymphoma) were added to each fixative (red and blue) and stored at room temperature for a specified period (1 h; 1 week; and 1, 3, and 6 months). The specimens were then prepared using the SP-LBC method and subjected to ICC. Positivity rate was calculated using the specimens fixed at room temperature for 1 h as a control. Antibodies against Ki67 expressed in the nucleus and against CD20 and leukocyte common antigen (LCA) expressed on the cell membrane were used. <b><i>Results:</i></b> For CD20 and LCA, the positivity rate increased with time in the red fixative compared with that in the control. In the blue fixative, the positivity rate was highest at 1 h and was maintained at a high level throughout the storage period. In contrast, the Ki67 positivity rate was highest at 1 h in both red and blue fixatives and markedly decreased with time. Therefore, although refrigerated (8°C) storage was used, no improvement was noted. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Long-term storage is possible for cell membrane antigens at room temperature; however, it is unsuitable for intranuclear antigens. Therefore, we conclude that suitable fixative type and storage temperature differ based on antigen location. Further investigation is warranted.

Effect of long term storage in LN2 on bacterial load and preservability of semen in Murrah bulls

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Meena ◽  
V. S. Raina ◽  
M. Bhakat ◽  
T. K. Mohanty ◽  
A. K. Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage

Successful preservation of semen for longer period can be achieved by maintaining the viability of spermatozoa from its collection till its use for insemination. Therefore, we perceived the idea to determine the effect of long term storage of cryopreserved buffalo semen on sperm quality, bacterial load and fertility. Twenty years semen samples (1981-2000) from twenty bulls and the data on conception rates of these bulls were collected from record room at ABRC, ICAR- NDRI, Karnal. The data was analyzed using least square analysis. The differences in individual motility percent in the semen between estimated initially at the time of freezing and estimates after storage (at the time of evaluation) were 6.49, 14.09, 13.13 and 6.02 percent, respectively. Even after long term storage (up to 20 years) there were little changes in the sperm motility percent. Changes in non-eosinophilic sperm count, sperm abnormalities, HOST and acrosome status, were less up to 20 years storage of semen in liquid nitrogen and the differences were non-significant between different years of storage semen in liquid nitrogen. In similar fashion the microbial load in semen was decreased with the increased storage period of semen in liquid nitrogen, but the differences were non significant. The differences in sperm motility percent between 370C and room temperature were not significant, but the temperature and incubation period significantly (P<0.01) influenced motility percent estimates. Whereas, temperature-incubation period interaction was not found to be significant. The conception rate and sperm motility was highly and positively correlated (r=0.67 and 0.55) with sperm oocyte attachment. It can be concluded that there was little change occurred in semen quality even after twenty years of storage in liquid nitrogen without affecting fertility of semen.

A QFD-AHP-Based Approach for Determining Storage Performance Parameters

2012 ◽  
Vol 569 ◽  
pp. 697-702
Author(s):  
Guang Yan Zhao ◽  
Yu Feng Sun ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Parameter Determination ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Storage Performance ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Storage Products ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Product Storage

Storage Reliability plays an important role for long-term storage products, while degradation of storage performance parameters directly reflects the changes of storage reliability. In this paper, a storage performance parameter determination method was brought forward to select the performance parameters to be monitored during the product storage period and provide support for maintenance guarantee for state-based products and thereby improve the storage reliability level of products. The process and specific methods of storage parameters determination was presented. By analyzed from the product storage profile, storage environment, component internal characteristics, failure modes and mechanisms and other aspects, the performance parameters that may be affected by the storage for different components of product were obtained and thereby characteristic requirements matrix of storage performance parameters were established to determine the weight of characteristic requirements through AHP and evaluation, comparison and optimization of parameters were conduct, and then the product storage performance parameters were determined.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document