scholarly journals Stacking Resistance Genes in Multiparental Interspecific Potato Hybrids to Anticipate Late Blight Outbreaks

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Elena V. Rogozina ◽  
Mariya P. Beketova ◽  
Oksana A. Muratova ◽  
Mariya A. Kuznetsova ◽  
Emil E. Khavkin
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Considerable Portion ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽  
Race Specificity ◽  
Interspecific Potato Hybrids ◽  
Pathogen Strains

Stacking (pyramiding) several resistance genes of diverse race specificity in one and the same plant by hybridization provides for high and durable resistance to major diseases, such as potato late blight (LB), especially when breeders combine highly efficient genes for broad-spectrum resistance that are novel to the intruding pathogens. Our collection of potato hybrids manifesting long-lasting LB resistance comprises, as a whole, the germplasm of 26 or 22 Solanum species (as treated by Bukasov and Hawkes, respectively), with up to 8–9 species listed in the pedigree of an individual hybrid. This collection was screened with the markers of ten genes for race-specific resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Rpi genes) initially identified in S. demissum (R1, R2, R3a, R3b, and R8), S. bulbocastanum/S. stoloniferum (Rpi-blb1/ Rpi-sto1, Rpi-blb2, Rpi-blb3) and S. venturii (Rpi-vnt1). The hybrids comprised the markers for up to four-six Rpi genes per plant, and the number of markers was significantly related to LB resistance. Nevertheless, a considerable portion of resistance apparently depended on presently insufficiently characterized resistance genes. Bred from these multiparental hybrids, the advanced lines with the stacks of broad-specificity Rpi genes will help anticipate LB outbreaks caused by rapid pathogen evolution and the arrival of new pathogen strains.

scholarly journals Specific Resistance of Barley to Powdery Mildew, Its Use and Beyond: A Concise Critical Review

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonín Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Barley Cultivars

Powdery mildew caused by the airborne ascomycete fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) is one of most common diseases of barley (Hordeum vulgare). This, as with many other plant pathogens, can be efficiently controlled by inexpensive and environmentally-friendly genetic resistance. General requirements for resistance to the pathogens are effectiveness and durability. Resistance of barley to Bgh has been studied intensively, and this review describes recent research and summarizes the specific resistance genes found in barley varieties since the last conspectus. Bgh is extraordinarily adaptable, and some commonly recommended strategies for using genetic resistance, including pyramiding of specific genes, may not be effective because they can only contribute to a limited extent to obtain sufficient resistance durability of widely-grown cultivars. In spring barley, breeding the nonspecific mlo gene is a valuable source of durable resistance. Pyramiding of nonspecific quantitative resistance genes or using introgressions derived from bulbous barley (Hordeum bulbosum) are promising ways for breeding future winter barley cultivars. The utilization of a wide spectrum of nonhost resistances can also be adopted once practical methods have been developed.

Interspecific potato hybrids as a resource for late blight resistance genes

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
E. V. Rogozina ◽  
V. A. Kolobaev ◽  
E. E. Khavkin ◽  
M. A. Kuznetsova ◽  
M. P. Beketova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Interspecific Potato Hybrids

scholarly journals Plant–Pathogen Molecular Dialogue: Evolution, Mechanisms and Agricultural Implementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-211
Author(s):  
E. E. Khavkin
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Pathogen Virulence

Abstract Plant diseases persistently challenge sustainable crop production worldwide. The most economical and eco-friendly way to effectively deal with this problem is to breed new cultivars with stable and durable resistance. Current progress towards this goal has been reinforced by considerable advancements in the molecular studies of pathogens and host plants. These advancements have greatly benefited from recently developed methods to research into gene structure and activity, especially the “omics” technologies. These steps forward are vividly represented by the case of late blight, which is economically the most important disease of potato and tomato (Solanum L.). Late blight became a popular model of multidimensional plant-microbe interactions, and newly obtained molecular evidence has considerably reshaped both our vision of plant–pathogen molecular dialogue and our approach to mitigating this disease. Drawing on recent publications, this review will focus on genome of the causal agent of disease, the oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, and its already characterized genes of virulence, with particular emphasis on their evolution, which underlines the exceptional genetic and phenotypic plasticity of this pathogen. Specially highlighted is the diversity of the immediate tools of virulence—effectors, which interact with potato target molecules, alter host physiology and facilitate plant colonization. Turning to plant defense barriers, the reviewer elaborates on the polymorphism and evolution of Solanum genes providing for plant resistance to P. infestans. The repertoire of P. infestans virulence genes in agrocenoses and the diversity of resistance genes in potato wild relatives are explored as regards the agriculture-oriented implementation of new molecular knowledge. The multifaceted approach to late blight combines the search for new resistance genes in genetic collections, the characterization of their function and stacking these genes in potato cultivars in order to breed new donors of long-lasting and durable resistance together with express assessment of pathogen virulence genes.

SCAR markers of the R-genes and germplasm of wild Solanum species for breeding late blight-resistant potato cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sokolova ◽  
Artem Pankin ◽  
Maria Beketova ◽  
Maria Kuznetsova ◽  
Svetlana Spiglazova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
R Genes ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Wild Solanum Species ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽  
New Races ◽  
Species Specific

New races of Phytophthora infestans rapidly defeat potato late blight (LB) resistance based on Solanum demissum germplasm, and breeders search for new sources of durable LB resistance. We developed and verified six sequence characterized amplified region markers recognizing the race-specific genes R1 and R3 of S. demissum and the broad-spectrum resistance gene RB of S. bulbocastanum and the germplasms of these species and used them to screen 209 accessions of 21 wild Solanum species. In addition to S. demissum, homologues of R1 and R3 were found in several species of series Demissa,Longipedicellata and diploid Tuberosa; R3 homologues were also detected in S. bulbocastanum,S. cardiophyllum and S. ehrenbergii. The RB homologues were found in a wider range of Solanum species. The markers of R1 and R3 genes reliably discerned between germplasms of S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum and wild sources of LB resistance. Following introgression, the species-specific markers of demissum and bulbocastanum germplasm were rapidly lost, whereas the markers of R1 and R3 genes lasted through several meiotic generations and were maintained at high frequencies in modern potato cultivars. The presence of these markers in demissoid potato cultivars was significantly associated with LB resistance, presuming that both genes contribute to overall defence response.

Allele mining in the gene pool of wild Solanum species for homologues of late blight resistance gene RB/Rpi-blb1

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artem Pankin ◽  
Ekaterina Sokolova ◽  
Elena Rogozina ◽  
Maria Kuznetsova ◽  
Kenneth Deahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Coiled Coil ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Solanum Bulbocastanum ◽  
Allele Mining ◽  
Pcr Markers ◽  
Wild Solanum Species ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽  
Structural Homologues

A coiled coil-nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat gene RB/Rpi-blb1 isolated from Solanum bulbocastanum confers broad-spectrum resistance to Phytophthora infestans and is currently employed in potato breeding for durable late blight (LB) resistance. RB homologues were reported in several Solanum species; some of them retained defence function. Here, we report additional evidence on RB-like sequences in 21 Solanum species of the section Petota. The panel of Solanum species was screened with three RB-related PCR markers. RB-like sequences were found in every tested Solanum accession, suggesting universal distribution of RB structural homologues among Solanum genomes, while locus-specific RB-629 was found only in 15 species. Phylogenetic analysis of RB-629 sequences suggested a highly conservative pattern of polymorphisms that was neither species- nor series-specific. Apparently, duplication and evolution of RB-like loci preceded Solanum speciation. Marker presence and particular haplotypes were not immediately associated with high LB resistance.

scholarly journals Comparison of defense responses of transgenic potato lines expressing three different Rpi genes to specific Phytophthora infestans races based on transcriptome profiling

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9096
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Yang ◽  
Xiao Guo ◽  
Guangxia Chen ◽  
Daofeng Dong ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Transgenic Lines

Potato late blight, one of the most devastating diseases in potato, is caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans. Over 20 resistance genes have been cloned including R1, R3a, and R3b. The distinctions between defense response mechanisms mediated by different resistance genes are still unclear. Here we performed transcriptome profiling in three transgenic lines, R1, R3a, and R3b, and wild-type Desiree under inoculation with two P. infestans isolates, 89148 (race 0) and CN152 (super race), using RNA-seq. Compared with wild type, specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the three transgenic lines. The highest number of DEGs occurred in transgenic R3b, with 779 DEGs in response to isolate 89148 and 864 DEGs in response to infection by CN152, followed by transgenic R1 lines with 408 DEGs for isolate 89148 and 267 DEGs for CN152. Based on gene ontology, the most common GO terms (15 for 89148 and 20 for CN152) were enriched in transgenic R3a and R3b lines. This indicates that the defense pathways mediated by R3a and R3b are more similar than those mediated by R1. Further separate GO analysis of up- or down-regulated DEGs showed that the down-regulated DEGs mainly functioned in mediating the resistance of potato to P. infestans 89148 by response to stress biological process and to CN152 by oxidation reduction biological process. KEGG pathways of DNA replication, plant-pathogen interaction and pentose and glucuronate interconversions are unique for transgenic R1, R3a, and R3b lines in incompatible interactions. Quantitative real-time PCR experimental validation confirmed the induced expression of DEGs in the late blight resistance signaling pathway. Our results will lay a solid foundation for further understanding the mechanisms of plant-pathogen interactions, and provide a theoretical reference for durable resistance in potato.

scholarly journals Gene Pyramiding for Achieving Enhanced Resistance to Bacterial Blight, Blast, and Sheath Blight Diseases in Rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jegadeesan Ramalingam ◽  
Chandavarapu Raveendra ◽  
Palanisamy Savitha ◽  
Venugopal Vidya ◽  
Thammannagowda Lingapatna Chaithra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽  
Combine Blast ◽  
High Degree

Bacterial blight, blast, and sheath blight are the commonest diseases causing substantial yield loss in rice around the world. Stacking of broad-spectrum resistance genes/QTLs into popular cultivars is becoming a major objective of any disease resistance breeding program. The varieties ASD 16 and ADT 43 are the two popular, high yielding, and widely grown rice cultivars of South India, which are susceptible to bacterial blight (BB), blast, and sheath blight diseases. The present study was carried out to improve the cultivars (ASD 16 and ADT 43) through introgression of bacterial blight (xa5, xa13, and Xa21), blast (Pi54), and sheath blight (qSBR7-1, qSBR11-1, and qSBR11-2) resistance genes/QTLs by MABB (marker-assisted backcross breeding). IRBB60 (xa5, xa13, and Xa21) and Tetep (Pi54; qSBR7-1, qSBR11-1, and qSBR11-2) were used as donors to introgress BB, blast, and sheath blight resistance into the recurrent parents (ASD 16 and ADT 43). Homozygous (BC3F3 generation), three-gene bacterial blight pyramided (xa5 + xa13 + Xa21) lines were developed, and these lines were crossed with Tetep to combine blast (Pi54) and sheath blight (qSBR7-1, qSBR11-1, and qSBR11-2) resistance. In BC3F3 generation, the improved pyramided lines carrying a total of seven genes/QTLs (xa5 + xa13 + Xa21 + Pi54 + qSBR7-1 + qSBR11-1 + qSBR11-2) were selected through molecular and phenotypic assay, and these were evaluated for resistance against bacterial blight, blast, and sheath blight pathogens under greenhouse conditions. We have selected nine lines in ASD 16 background and 15 lines in ADT 43 background, exhibiting a high degree of resistance to BB, blast, and sheath blight diseases and also possessing phenotypes of recurrent parents. The improved pyramided lines are expected to be used as improved varieties or used as a potential donor in breeding programs. The present study successfully introgressed Pi54, and qSBR QTLs (qSBR7-1, qSBR11-1, and qSBR11-2) from Tetep and major effective BB-resistant genes (xa5, xa13, and Xa21) from IRBB60 into the commercial varieties for durable resistance to multiple diseases.

Durable resistance to stripe rust is due to three specific resistance genes in French bread wheat cultivar Apache

2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 955-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Paillard ◽  
G. Trotoux-Verplancke ◽  
M.-R. Perretant ◽  
F. Mohamadi ◽  
M. Leconte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Bread Wheat Cultivar

scholarly journals Diversity, Distribution, and Evolution of Solanum bulbocastanum Late Blight Resistance Genes

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1206-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoma A. Lokossou ◽  
Hendrik Rietman ◽  
Miqia Wang ◽  
Pavel Krenek ◽  
Hanneke van der Schoot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Solanum Bulbocastanum ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Cloned Gene

Knowledge on the evolution and distribution of late blight resistance genes is important for a better understanding of the dynamics of these genes in nature. We analyzed the presence and allelic diversity of the late blight resistance genes Rpi-blb1, Rpi-blb2, and Rpi-blb3, originating from Solanum bulbocastanum, in a set of tuber-bearing Solanum species comprising 196 different taxa. The three genes were only present in some Mexican diploid as well as polyploid species closely related to S. bulbocastanum. Sequence analysis of the fragments obtained from the Rpi-blb1 and Rpi-blb3 genes suggests an evolution through recombinations and point mutations. For Rpi-blb2, only sequences identical to the cloned gene were found in S. bulbocastanum accessions, suggesting that it has emerged recently. The three resistance genes occurred in different combinations and frequencies in S. bulbocastanum accessions and their spread is confined to Central America. A selected set of genotypes was tested for their response to the avirulence effectors IPIO-2, Avr-blb2, and Pi-Avr2, which interact with Rpi-blb1, Rpi-blb2, and Rpi-blb3, respectively, as well as by disease assays with a diverse set of isolates. Using this approach, some accessions could be identified that contain novel, as yet unknown, late blight resistance factors in addition to the Rpi-blb1, Rpi-blb2, and Rpi-blb3 genes.

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