scholarly journals Effective Crop Management and Modern Breeding Strategies to Ensure Higher Crop Productivity under Direct Seeded Rice Cultivation System: A Review

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1264
Author(s):  
Nitika Sandhu ◽  
Shailesh Yadav ◽  
Vikas Kumar Singh ◽  
Arvind Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
System A ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Modern Breeding

Paddy production through conventional puddled system of rice cultivation (PTR) is becoming more and more unsustainable—economically and environmentally—as this method is highly resource intensive and these resources are increasingly becoming scarce, and consequently, expensive. The ongoing large-scale shift from puddled system of rice cultivation PTR to direct seeded rice (DSR) necessitates a convergence of breeding, agronomic and other approaches for its sustenance and harnessing natural resources and environmental benefits. Current DSR technology is largely based on agronomic interventions applied to the selected varieties of PTR. In DSR, poor crop establishment due to low germination, lack of DSR-adapted varieties, high weed-nematode incidences and micronutrient deficiency are primary constraints. The approach of this review paper is to discuss the existing evidences related to the DSR technologies. The review highlights a large number of conventionally/molecularly characterized strains amenable to rapid transfer and consolidation along with agronomic refinements, mechanization and water-nutrient-weed management strategies to develop a complete, ready to use DSR package. The review provides information on the traits, donors, genes/QTL needed for DSR and the available DSR-adapted breeding lines. Furthermore, the information is supplemented with a discussion on constrains and needed policies in scaling up the DSR adoption.

scholarly journals Weed Management in Dry Direct-Seeded Rice: A Review on Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Rice Production

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1264
Author(s):  
Kapila Shekhawat ◽  
Sanjay Singh Rathore ◽  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Environmental Footprints ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Management Approaches

Rice cultivation always remains significant for food and livelihood security. The predictions of increasing water deficiency under a changing climate and escalating labor shortages in agriculture have brought a paradigm swing in rice cultivation from conventionally flooded transplanting to direct-seeded rice (DSR). DSR cultivation can potentially address the concerns of diminishing natural resources and mounting production costs in the establishment of transplanted rice. The transition towards DSR saves water, reduces duration to maturity as well as labor required, and reduces negative environmental footprints. Despite all these recompenses, the potential yield losses through enormous weed menaces under DSR remains a challenge and may reduce yield by up to 50%. In this review, we examine the extent of weed infestation, weed shift and the losses in dry DSR (DDSR). Various regional and global scientific efforts made under DDSR have been assessed in the present and the smart weed-management strategies suggested can be adopted after scrutiny. Integration of different weed management approaches, namely prevention, cultural, mechanical, and chemical, have been discussed, which can pave the way for worldwide adoption of DDSR, especially in South Asia. In Asia, 22% of the acreage of total rice cultivation is under DSR and the region-specific integration of these weed-management approaches might reduce herbicide use in these areas by up to 50%.

scholarly journals Weed management on direct-seeded rice system - a review

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Hossain ◽  
M Begum ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MM Akanda
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
System A ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Manual Weeding ◽  
Labor Crisis ◽  
Weed Emergence

In direct seeded rice (DSR) cultivation systems, rice and weed seedlings emerge simultaneously and there is no standing water to suppress weed emergence and growth at crop emergence. For this reason, weeds are considered one of the major biological constraints in DSR and cause a substantial rice yield loss. Weeds are mainly controlled using herbicides or manually. However, manual weeding is becoming less effective because of labor crisis at critical times and increased labor costs. Herbicides are replacing manual weeding as they are easy to use but there are concerns about the sole use of herbicides, such as evolution of resistance in weeds, shifts in weed populations, cost of weed management to farmers and concerns about the environment. There is a need to integrate different weed management strategies to achieve effective and sustainable weed control in DSR systems. This paper describes different approaches, including preventive and cultural approaches, to manage weeds in DSR culture systems.Progressive Agriculture 27 (1): 1-8, 2016

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Weed Management Strategies on the Growth and Yield of Direct-Seeded Dry Rice (Oryza sativa)

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. MUHAMMAD ◽  
I. MUHAMMAD ◽  
A. SAJID ◽  
L. MUHAMMAD ◽  
A. MAQSHOOF ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Hand Weeding

Weed management is a primary concern in direct seeded rice (DSR) cropping because weed growth becomes a major constraint on crop yield. A two year field study was set up to evaluate the effect of various weed control measures on crop growth, grain yield and grain quality of DSR. The experiment involved five different weed control measures: hand weeding, hoeing, inter-row tine cultivation, inter-row spike hoeing and herbicide treatment (Nominee 100 SC). The extent of weed control (compared to a non-weeded control) ranged from 50-95%. The highest crop yield was obtained using hand weeding. Hand weeding, tine cultivation and herbicide treatment raised the number of fertile rice tillers formed per unit area and the thousand grain weight. Tine cultivation provided an effective and economical level of weed control in the DSR crop.

scholarly journals Direct seeded rice cultivation method: a new technology for climate change and food security

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
S Marasini ◽  
TN Joshi ◽  
LP Amgain
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Direct Seeded

Rice (Oryza sativa) is the major food crop in terms of production and economy and grown in all ecological regions of Nepal. Rice is cultivated traditionally through transplanting of 20-25 days old seedling in the country. Due to unavailability of suitable technology for rice cultivation, there is a huge yield gap in rice production of Nepal. Country has made target of self-sufficiency in rice production by 2020 AD. This target can be achieved through adoption of Direct seeded rice cultivation technology of rice cultivation which also helps to adapt in the climate change scenario of Nepal. Due to issues of water scarcity and expensive labour, direct seeded rice cultivation technology is adopting worldwide. Direct seeded rice is a resource conservation technology and reduces water and labor use by 50%. Productivity of DSR is 5-10% more than the yield of transplanted rice. It offers a very exhilarating opportunity to improve water and environmental sustainability. Methane gas emissions is lower in DSR than with conventionally tilled transplanted puddle rice. It involves sowing pre-germinated seeds into a puddled soil surface (wet seeding), standing water (water seeding) or dry seeding into a prepared seedbed (dry seeding). Precise water management, particularly during crop emergence phase (first 7-15 days after sowing), is crucial in direct seeded rice. Furthermore, weed infestation is the major problem, which can cause large yield losses in direct seeded rice. Weed management in DSR can be done through chemical, hand weeding or stale seed bed method.

scholarly journals Weed Management in Direct Seeded Rice Grown under Varying Tillage Systems and Alternate Water Regimes

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. RIAZ ◽  
A. KHALIQ ◽  
S. FIAZ ◽  
M.A. NOOR ◽  
M.M. NAWAZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Aerobic Rice ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Direct Seeded

ABSTRACT: In direct seeded rice (DSR), flushes of weeds are encountered, and mostly subsequent herbicides need to apply to control weeds that appear later. A farmer friendly approach was hypothesized in present study to integrate the management strategies for water, soil and cost effective weed free rice production. Efficacy of various herbicides in weed control to improve the performance of aerobic rice grown under varying tillage and alternate water regimes was evaluated. Five weed management techniques (weedy check, weed-free, pendimethalin followed by manual weeding, pendimethalin + bispyribac sodium (BS) + bensulfuron (B) and pendimethalin + MCPA) were carried out within the alternate wetting and drying (AWD) regimes (15 and 20 cm depth) under two tillage systems (zero and conventional). All the herbicide treatments reduced the weed intensity as compared to weedy check, however minimum weed density and dry biomass was observed in pendimethalin at 40 and 60 days after sowing, respectively. Under conventional tillage, weed free plots showed maximum leaf area index, leaf area duration and crop growth rate. Maximum plant height, 1000-kernel weight and kernel per panicle along with less percentage of abortive, chalky and opaque kernels were recorded in pendimethalin followed by BS+B as compared to weedy check plots. Among the herbicides application, pendimethalin followed by BS+B gave highest benefit to cost ratio and net benefits under both AWD regimes. Overall, application of pendimethalin followed by BS+B is an efficient and economic approach to reduce weed infestation which results in improved yield of aerobic rice.

Influence of Management on Long-Term Seedbank Dynamics of Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in Cropping Systems of Southern Australia

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel G. L. Kleemann ◽  
Christopher Preston ◽  
Gurjeet S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass

A field study was undertaken to investigate the influence of different management strategies on rigid ryegrass plant density and seedbank dynamics over 4 yr. Even though weed seedbank declined by 86% after oaten hay in year 1, the residual seedbank enabled rigid ryegrass to reinfest field peas the next year, and the population rebounded sharply when weed control relied solely on PPI trifluralin. However, use of POST clethodim followed by crop-topping for seed-set prevention of rigid ryegrass in field pea was highly effective and caused a further decline in the weed seedbank. Integration of effective management tactics over 3 yr significantly reduced rigid ryegrass weed and spike density (90 and 81%) in the final year of the 4-yr cropping sequence. Use of oaten hay in year 1, followed by effective weed control in field pea and wheat crops, depleted the high initial seedbank (4,820 seeds m−2) to moderate levels (< 200 seeds m−2) within 3 yr. Effective weed-management treatments depleted the rigid ryegrass seedbank, reduced in-crop weed infestation, and returned higher grain yields and profitability. The results of this study clearly show that large rigid ryegrass populations can be managed effectively without reducing crop productivity and profitability provided multiyear weed-management programs are implemented effectively.

Weed management in direct seeded rice: A review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheeja K Raj ◽  
Elizabeth K Syriac
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Direct Seeded

Weeds are the major biological constraint in direct seeded rice (DSR) due to the concurrent emergence of competitive weeds, absence of water to suppress weeds at the time of seedling emergence and emergence of difficult to control weeds. Strategies on weed management in direct seeded rice depend on critical period of weed control, weed flora and method to be adopted. In order to achieve the long term and sustainable management of weeds in DSR an integration of different weed management strategies like integrated weed management (IWM) are essential. The literature regarding the critical period of weed control, weed flora and different methods for the sustainable management of weeds in direct seeded rice are reviewed in this paper.

Introduction of imidazolinone herbicide and Clearfield® rice between weedy rice—control efficiency and environmental concerns

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahyoub Izzat Bzour ◽  
Fathiah Mohamed Zuki ◽  
Muhamad Shakirin Mispan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Direct Seeded

Water scarcity and increasing labor costs of rice cultivation have prompted many agro-ecosystems in the world to adopt the direct-seeded rice (DSR) method instead of the hand-transplanting method. However, there is a downside to this approach, which is the prevalence and spread of weedy rice (WR), a troublesome weed in paddy fields that has the potential to cause a 90% loss of total yield in high-infested areas. The progression, infestation, and dynamics of WR are linked to environmental circumstances, types of rice cultivar, established techniques, and field management. WR is viewed as a critical problem, as it may prove counterproductive in rice cultivation because it causes an overall increase in the production cost of paddy harvesting. For the purpose of our discussion, a method is explored that can be used to eliminate, or at least mitigate, the spread of WR, which is the Clearfield® Production System (CPS). This method consists of imidazolinone (IMI) herbicide, Clearfield® certified seeds, and the Stewardship Guide. However, use of the CPS has been known to negatively affect the environment, as it transfers resistance traits to WR, increasing IMI persistence in the cultivated soils, and contaminating soils and water with herbicide residues. These negative environmental effects could be dealt with by using integrated weed management systems (IWMS) that include the use of all viable tools and should be incorporated with the proper Stewardship Guide to reduce the growth of herbicide-resistant WR. This review aims to elucidate information pertaining to WR infestation, the characteristics thereof, sustainable techniques for WR control, IMI herbicides, and diverse methods for the extraction and determination of IMI residues in the environment. Understanding the conspecific nature of WR serves as a baseline for constructing novel WR control strategies in the future.

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