scholarly journals Weed management on direct-seeded rice system - a review

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Hossain ◽  
M Begum ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MM Akanda
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
System A ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Manual Weeding ◽  
Labor Crisis ◽  
Weed Emergence

In direct seeded rice (DSR) cultivation systems, rice and weed seedlings emerge simultaneously and there is no standing water to suppress weed emergence and growth at crop emergence. For this reason, weeds are considered one of the major biological constraints in DSR and cause a substantial rice yield loss. Weeds are mainly controlled using herbicides or manually. However, manual weeding is becoming less effective because of labor crisis at critical times and increased labor costs. Herbicides are replacing manual weeding as they are easy to use but there are concerns about the sole use of herbicides, such as evolution of resistance in weeds, shifts in weed populations, cost of weed management to farmers and concerns about the environment. There is a need to integrate different weed management strategies to achieve effective and sustainable weed control in DSR systems. This paper describes different approaches, including preventive and cultural approaches, to manage weeds in DSR culture systems.Progressive Agriculture 27 (1): 1-8, 2016

scholarly journals Effective Crop Management and Modern Breeding Strategies to Ensure Higher Crop Productivity under Direct Seeded Rice Cultivation System: A Review

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1264
Author(s):  
Nitika Sandhu ◽  
Shailesh Yadav ◽  
Vikas Kumar Singh ◽  
Arvind Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
System A ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Modern Breeding

Paddy production through conventional puddled system of rice cultivation (PTR) is becoming more and more unsustainable—economically and environmentally—as this method is highly resource intensive and these resources are increasingly becoming scarce, and consequently, expensive. The ongoing large-scale shift from puddled system of rice cultivation PTR to direct seeded rice (DSR) necessitates a convergence of breeding, agronomic and other approaches for its sustenance and harnessing natural resources and environmental benefits. Current DSR technology is largely based on agronomic interventions applied to the selected varieties of PTR. In DSR, poor crop establishment due to low germination, lack of DSR-adapted varieties, high weed-nematode incidences and micronutrient deficiency are primary constraints. The approach of this review paper is to discuss the existing evidences related to the DSR technologies. The review highlights a large number of conventionally/molecularly characterized strains amenable to rapid transfer and consolidation along with agronomic refinements, mechanization and water-nutrient-weed management strategies to develop a complete, ready to use DSR package. The review provides information on the traits, donors, genes/QTL needed for DSR and the available DSR-adapted breeding lines. Furthermore, the information is supplemented with a discussion on constrains and needed policies in scaling up the DSR adoption.

Management of Avena ludoviciana and Phalaris paradoxa with barley and less herbicide in subtropical Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Walker ◽  
G. R. Robinson ◽  
R. W. Medd
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Tiller Density ◽  
Weed Emergence ◽  
Subtropical Australia

The competitive advantage of barley compared with wheat was quantified for suppressing seed production of Avena ludoviciana Durieu. (wild oats) andPhalaris paradoxa L. (paradoxa grass), and for improving herbicide effectiveness on these major winter grass weeds of the subtropical grain region of Australia. Eight field experiments were broadcast with weed seed before sowing wheat or barley, in which the emerged weeds were then treated with 4 herbicide doses (0, 25, 50, 100% of recommended rates). Yield reduction from untreated weeds was on average 4 times greater in wheat than in barley, with greater losses from A. ludoviciana than P. paradoxa. Barley did not affect weed emergence, but suppressed weed tiller density and, to a lesser extent, the number of weed seeds per tiller. Seed production was, on average, 4340 and 5105 seeds/m2 for A. ludoviciana and P. paradoxa, respectively, in untreated wheat compared with 555 and 50 seeds/m2 in untreated barley. Weed seed production following treatment with 25% herbicide rate in barley was similar or less than that after treatment with 100% herbicide rate in wheat. Overall, 25% herbicide rate was optimal for both conserving yield and minimising weed seed production in barley. For wheat, maximum yield was achieved with 50% herbicide but weed seed production was lowest with 100% herbicide rate. This indicates that weeds can be effectively controlled in barley with considerably less herbicide than required in wheat, highlighting the importance of including barley as a part of weed management strategies that aim to reduce herbicide inputs.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Weed Management Strategies on the Growth and Yield of Direct-Seeded Dry Rice (Oryza sativa)

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. MUHAMMAD ◽  
I. MUHAMMAD ◽  
A. SAJID ◽  
L. MUHAMMAD ◽  
A. MAQSHOOF ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Hand Weeding

Weed management is a primary concern in direct seeded rice (DSR) cropping because weed growth becomes a major constraint on crop yield. A two year field study was set up to evaluate the effect of various weed control measures on crop growth, grain yield and grain quality of DSR. The experiment involved five different weed control measures: hand weeding, hoeing, inter-row tine cultivation, inter-row spike hoeing and herbicide treatment (Nominee 100 SC). The extent of weed control (compared to a non-weeded control) ranged from 50-95%. The highest crop yield was obtained using hand weeding. Hand weeding, tine cultivation and herbicide treatment raised the number of fertile rice tillers formed per unit area and the thousand grain weight. Tine cultivation provided an effective and economical level of weed control in the DSR crop.

scholarly journals Effect of Herbicides and Sesbaniaco- Culture on Weed Management and Grain Yield of Direct Seeded Rice Variety Khumal-4 at Khumaltar Condition, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
R K Bhattarai ◽  
D D Gautam ◽  
J D Ranjit ◽  
B S Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Knapsack Sprayer ◽  
Rice Season ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Hand Weeding

Field experiments were conducted at the experimental field of Agronomy Division, Khumaltar, Nepal during 2012 and 2013 to find the effect of different herbicides on weed management and grain yield of direct seeded rice. The experiment was carried out in a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD ) with seven treatments in three replications. Khumal-4 rice variety was used with in all the seven treatments viz; W1 = Weedy Check (no weeding) ; W2 = Farmers practice ( two hand weeding) ; W3 =Pyrazosulfuron (pre) @ 20 g a.i /ha fb (followed by ) Bispyribac (post-emergence (post) @ 25 g a. i / ha ; W4 = Pyrazosulfuron (pre) @ 20 g a.i /ha fb Bispyribac (post) @ 25 g a. i / ha fb 2, 4 –D; W5= Oxadiargyl (pre-emergence (pre) @ 90 g a.i/ha fb Bispyribac (post) @ 25 g a. i / ha; W6 = Oxadiargyl (pre) @ 90 g a.i /ha fb Bispyribac (post) @ 25 g a. i / ha fb 2, 4- D @ 500 g a .i /ha ; W7 = Sesbania (soaked) fb 2, 4- D @ 500 g a.i / ha fb one hand weeding. Rice seeds were directly sown by seed drill machine at seed rate of 30 kg/ha. All the pre emergence herbicides were sprayed on the first day of rice sowing whereas the post emergence herbicides were sown on 20 -25 days after sowing (DAS) by using a knapsack sprayer. Sesbania seed were sown at 30 kg/ha as co-culture with rice on the same day as rice was sown by broadcasting. The Sesbania was knocked down at 30 DAS using 2, 4-D.The yield of rice in 2013 was less than that of 2012 which could be due to the less rainfall and uneven rain distribution during the rice season. The results showed that among the Pyrazosulfuron (pre) @ 20 g a.i /ha fb Bispyribac (post) @ 25 g a. i / ha fb 2, 4 –D was found effective in controlling weed population , biomass and producing highest grain yield of rice 6512 kg /ha in 2012 and 3190 kg/ha in 2013 followed by the treatment Sesbania co-culture (Soaked) fb 2, 4- D @ 500 g a.i/ ha fb one and weeding giving increased rice yield of 6499 kg/ha in 2012 and 2858 kg/ha in 2013.Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) vol. 4, Page: 121-127, 2016  

Patterns Of Resistance To Als Herbicides In Smallflower Umbrella Sedge (Cyperus Difformis) And Ricefield Bulrush (Schoenoplectus Mucronatus)

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1004-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Busi ◽  
Francesco Vidotto ◽  
Albert J. Fischer ◽  
María D. Osuna ◽  
Rafael De Prado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Cyperus Difformis ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Biotypes of smallflower umbrella sedge and ricefield bulrush resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides have been reported in several rice areas of the world. Here, we present results of a study conducted on whole plants of seven smallflower umbrella sedge and four ricefield bulrush biotypes collected in Italian, Spanish, and Californian rice fields to evaluate cross-resistance to ALS herbicides in these important weeds of temperate rice. The following herbicides were tested: bensulfuron-methyl, halosulfuron, cinosulfuron, imazamox, and bispyribac-sodium. The smallflower umbrella sedge and ricefield bulrush biotypes studied exhibited different cross-resistance patterns, some of which have not been previously reported. The Italian smallflower umbrella sedge biotype was cross-resistant to bensulfuron-methyl, cinosulfuron, imazamox, and bispyribac-sodium, but was susceptible to halosulfuron. One smallflower umbrella sedge biotype from California was also resistant to bensulfuron-methyl, imazamox, and bispyribac-sodium, but had a lower level of resistance to halosulfuron. In contrast, the second smallflower umbrella sedge biotype from California was strongly resistant to halosulfuron and was also resistant to bensulfuron-methyl and bispyribac-sodium, but moderately resistant to imazamox. The Spanish smallflower biotype was resistant to the sulfonylurea herbicides bensulfuron-methyl and halosulfuron. Different responses were observed in ricefield bulrush. The Italian biotype was resistant to the sulfonylureas only, whereas the biotype from California exhibited broad cross-resistance to all the ALS herbicides tested. Knowledge on cross-resistance is needed to formulate herbicide use and weed management strategies for delaying the evolution of resistance to ALS herbicides in rice systems.

scholarly journals Rice Ecosystem, Allelopathy and Environment – A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
AB Siddique ◽  
BS Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Rice Ecosystem

Allelopathy is an important factor which contributes in determining distribution of species and their abundance within communities. Plant-plant interference is the combined effect of allelopathy, resource competition, and many other factors. Weed infestation is a major problem limiting the growth and yield of rice. Synthetic herbicide has been used for over 50 years as the prime source of weed control. The repeated use of herbicides in rice has already led to the evolution of resistance in some weed species. The conventional synthetic herbicides are becoming less effective against the resistant weed biotypes. Due to increase in the number of herbicide-resistant weeds and environmental concerns in the use of synthetic herbicides, allelopathy has been gaining preference as one of the considerable efforts in designing alternative weed management strategies. Modern ecotoxicologists and allelopathy researchers have been trying to identify allelochemicals to use as biodegradable pesticide. Two allelochemicals have been discovered, namely hexanedioic acid dioctyl ester and di-n-octyl phthalate which can be used as biopesticide. However, still there is enough scope to conduct such research that will contribute to protect our environment as well as increase food safety. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i1.15251 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(1) 112-121

scholarly journals Weed Management in Direct Seeded Rice Grown under Varying Tillage Systems and Alternate Water Regimes

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. RIAZ ◽  
A. KHALIQ ◽  
S. FIAZ ◽  
M.A. NOOR ◽  
M.M. NAWAZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Aerobic Rice ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Direct Seeded

ABSTRACT: In direct seeded rice (DSR), flushes of weeds are encountered, and mostly subsequent herbicides need to apply to control weeds that appear later. A farmer friendly approach was hypothesized in present study to integrate the management strategies for water, soil and cost effective weed free rice production. Efficacy of various herbicides in weed control to improve the performance of aerobic rice grown under varying tillage and alternate water regimes was evaluated. Five weed management techniques (weedy check, weed-free, pendimethalin followed by manual weeding, pendimethalin + bispyribac sodium (BS) + bensulfuron (B) and pendimethalin + MCPA) were carried out within the alternate wetting and drying (AWD) regimes (15 and 20 cm depth) under two tillage systems (zero and conventional). All the herbicide treatments reduced the weed intensity as compared to weedy check, however minimum weed density and dry biomass was observed in pendimethalin at 40 and 60 days after sowing, respectively. Under conventional tillage, weed free plots showed maximum leaf area index, leaf area duration and crop growth rate. Maximum plant height, 1000-kernel weight and kernel per panicle along with less percentage of abortive, chalky and opaque kernels were recorded in pendimethalin followed by BS+B as compared to weedy check plots. Among the herbicides application, pendimethalin followed by BS+B gave highest benefit to cost ratio and net benefits under both AWD regimes. Overall, application of pendimethalin followed by BS+B is an efficient and economic approach to reduce weed infestation which results in improved yield of aerobic rice.

scholarly journals Can Hydromulch Reduce the Emergence of Perennial Weeds?

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Mas ◽  
Gabriel Pardo ◽  
Jorge Pueyo ◽  
Antoni M. C. Verdú ◽  
Alicia Cirujeda
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Weed Emergence

Herbicide weed control is difficult in the first years of perennial crop establishment or in minor crops, and plastic sheet mulches can leave persistent residues. Liquid spray-on mulch (hydromulch) might be a solution in these cases. To test three hydromulch formulations on perennial weed emergence, greenhouse assays were conducted for two years in two localities to evaluate their rhizome sprouting and shoot emergence. Data, obtained from a completely randomized block design, were analyzed by means of generalized linear mixed models with binomial distribution and logit link function; the effects of hydromulch, species, and their interaction were considered fixed, while the other sources of variation (i.e., locality, year, block and rhizome length) were considered random. All three hydromulches, based on wheat straw, rice husk, and used substrate for mushroom cultivation, were capable of reducing rhizome sprouting of all four species tested when compared to the non-mulched treatment. Many rhizomes sprouted but were trapped under the mulch layer, especially those of Paspalum dilatatum (87%), Cynodon dactylon, and Sorghum halepense (around 50%), while Cyperus rotundus was least affected by the hydromulch treatments (16%). All three blends showed promising results in the reduction of perennial weed emergence, warranting field trials to test combined weed management strategies.

scholarly journals Weed Management in Dry Direct-Seeded Rice: A Review on Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Rice Production

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1264
Author(s):  
Kapila Shekhawat ◽  
Sanjay Singh Rathore ◽  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Environmental Footprints ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Management Approaches

Rice cultivation always remains significant for food and livelihood security. The predictions of increasing water deficiency under a changing climate and escalating labor shortages in agriculture have brought a paradigm swing in rice cultivation from conventionally flooded transplanting to direct-seeded rice (DSR). DSR cultivation can potentially address the concerns of diminishing natural resources and mounting production costs in the establishment of transplanted rice. The transition towards DSR saves water, reduces duration to maturity as well as labor required, and reduces negative environmental footprints. Despite all these recompenses, the potential yield losses through enormous weed menaces under DSR remains a challenge and may reduce yield by up to 50%. In this review, we examine the extent of weed infestation, weed shift and the losses in dry DSR (DDSR). Various regional and global scientific efforts made under DDSR have been assessed in the present and the smart weed-management strategies suggested can be adopted after scrutiny. Integration of different weed management approaches, namely prevention, cultural, mechanical, and chemical, have been discussed, which can pave the way for worldwide adoption of DDSR, especially in South Asia. In Asia, 22% of the acreage of total rice cultivation is under DSR and the region-specific integration of these weed-management approaches might reduce herbicide use in these areas by up to 50%.

Weed management in direct seeded rice: A review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheeja K Raj ◽  
Elizabeth K Syriac
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Direct Seeded

Weeds are the major biological constraint in direct seeded rice (DSR) due to the concurrent emergence of competitive weeds, absence of water to suppress weeds at the time of seedling emergence and emergence of difficult to control weeds. Strategies on weed management in direct seeded rice depend on critical period of weed control, weed flora and method to be adopted. In order to achieve the long term and sustainable management of weeds in DSR an integration of different weed management strategies like integrated weed management (IWM) are essential. The literature regarding the critical period of weed control, weed flora and different methods for the sustainable management of weeds in direct seeded rice are reviewed in this paper.

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