scholarly journals Institutionalizing Quality Declared Seed in Uganda

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1475
Author(s):  
Astrid Mastenbroek ◽  
Geoffrey Otim ◽  
Bonny R. Ntare
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Market Quality ◽  
Marketing System ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Demand Creation ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
Good Quality Seed ◽  
Basic Seed

Farmer-led seed enterprises can produce good quality seed and market it. However, for them to thrive, they need a conducive policy and regulatory framework that is inclusive and less stringent than existing regulatory frameworks. One way to provide a more enabling environment for farmer-led enterprises is through the Quality Declared Seed (QDS) production and marketing system. In Uganda, this seed class is specifically introduced for farmer-led enterprises to produce and market quality assured seed of crops and varieties not served by the private sector. The class is anchored in the Ugandan National Seed Policy and its seed regulations and its operationalization plan. We identified a combination of three strategies that enabled the QDS class to be incorporated into the National Seed Policy. These were: (i) to generate evidence to demonstrate that local seed businesses (farmer groups) can produce and market quality seed; (ii) to engage stakeholders towards an inclusive seed policy; and (iii) to develop a separate QDS regulatory framework. By 2021, institutionalization has reached a critical mass. Areas of attention for full institutionalization are the decentralization of inspection services, awareness and demand creation for quality seed, increasing the number of seed producers, and solving shortages of basic seed (starting material for producing seed).

Heritage values and legal rules

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy C. Wells ◽  
Lucas Lixinski
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Heritage Studies ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Critical Heritage ◽  
Fundamental Shift ◽  
New Framework

Purpose Existing regulatory frameworks for identifying and treating historic buildings and places reflect deference to expert rule, which privileges the values of a small number of heritage experts over the values of the majority of people who visit, work, and reside in historic environments. The purpose of this paper is to explore a fundamental shift in how US federal and local preservation laws address built heritage by suggesting a dynamic, adaptive regulatory framework that incorporates heterodox approaches to heritage and therefore is capable of accommodating contemporary sociocultural values. Design/methodology/approach The overall approach used is a comparative literature review from the fields of heterodox/orthodox heritage, heterodox/orthodox law, adaptive management, and participatory methods to inform the creation of a dynamic, adaptive regulatory framework. Findings Tools such as dialogical democracy and participatory action research are sufficiently pragmatic in implementation to envision how an adaptive regulatory framework could be implemented. This new framework would likely require heterodox definitions of law that move beyond justice as a primary purpose and broaden the nature of legal goods that can be protected while addressing discourses of power to benefit a larger group of stakeholders. Practical implications The authors suggest that an adaptive regulatory framework would be particularly beneficial for architectural and urban conservation planning, as it foregrounds considerations other than property rights in decision-making processes. While such a goal appears to be theoretically possible, the challenge will be to translate the theory of an adaptive regulatory framework into practice as there does not appear to be any precedent for its implementation. There will be issues with the need for increased resources to implement this framework. Originality/value To date, there have been few, if any, attempts to address critical heritage studies theory in the context of the regulatory environment. This paper appears to be the first such investigation in the literature.

Microbiological, scientific and regulatory perspectives of hand sanitizers

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-140
Author(s):  
Chong Hock Sia ◽  
Ying Ting Tan ◽  
Lai Wah Chan
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Consumer Awareness ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
The Public ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks

Abstract: Hand sanitizers are rub-on formulations for the purpose of inactivating microorganisms on the hands. With the recent COVID-19 pandemic, a surge in the manufacturing, sale and use of hand sanitizers is observed. However, the effectiveness and safety of hand sanitizers are not well understood by the public; thus, hand sanitizer usage may not confer adequate protection and may pose safety threats. Globally, the emergence of safety threats and inappropriate manufacturer claims also suggest that regulatory frameworks are insufficient in ensuring optimal effectiveness and safety standards for hand sanitizers. This paper presents an overview of the activity of antimicrobials as active ingredients in hand sanitizers and the principles of test methods to evaluate the effectiveness of hand sanitizers. Different antimicrobials confer different activities, rendering some more useful than others. There are also no specific compendial test for efficacy of hand sanitizers and the choice of test method is left to the discretion of manufacturers. It has also been reported that a significant number of hand sanitizers were improperly labelled or had inappropriate claims. Implementing a tighter regulatory framework, developing pharmacists’ knowledge and capabilities, raising consumer awareness and debunking common myths are some possible solutions to address the problems encountered.

International Migration and Power Relationships

2015 ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Shadrack B. Ramokgadi
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Geographic Mobility ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
The Individual

The individual choice to decide where to live bears directly on personal freedom, and the desire for survival and economic development. The right to geographic mobility is ideally safeguarded by international migration regulatory frameworks that derive from country-specific constitutions and inter-states arrangements. On the other hand, empirical evidence suggests that some countries restrict human mobility to take predetermined migration patterns. This chapter presents that the historical evolution in the relationship between the natural environment and human activities offers the opportunity to explore requirements for the successful implementation of any International Migration Regulatory Framework (IMRF). In doing so, the author contends that extant geopolitical conditions defining such relations need to be explored within state-centric political practices and civil society perceptions, put differently, through the dialogue between the state and civil society on migration processes necessary for successful implementation of regulatory framework while surfacing resources-power relationship between migratory states and citizens.

scholarly journals Regulating Blockchain, DLT and Smart Contracts: a technology regulator’s perspective

ERA Forum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-220
Author(s):  
Joshua Ellul ◽  
Jonathan Galea ◽  
Max Ganado ◽  
Stephen Mccarthy ◽  
Gordon J. Pace
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks

Abstract Blockchain, Smart Contracts and other forms of Distributed Ledger Technology provide means to ensure that processes are verifiable, transparent, and tamper-proof. Yet the very same enabling features that bring decentralisation also pose challenges to providing protection for the various users and stakeholders. Most jurisdictions which have implemented regulatory frameworks in this area have focused on regulating the financial aspects of cryptocurrency-based operations. However, they have not addressed technology assurance requirements. In this paper we present a world-first technology regulatory framework.

scholarly journals Harnessing private sector expertise to improve complementary feeding within a regulatory framework: Where is the evidence?

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. e12429
Author(s):  
Marti J. van Liere ◽  
Dessie Tarlton ◽  
Ravi Menon ◽  
M. Yellamanda ◽  
Ietje Reerink
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Regulatory Framework

scholarly journals Regulatory Frameworks for Aquaponics in the European Union

2019 ◽  
pp. 501-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilman Reinhardt ◽  
Kyra Hoevenaars ◽  
Alyssa Joyce
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Eu Policy ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Eu Policies

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the regulatory framework for aquaponics and the perspectives for European Union (EU) policy. Using Germany as an example, we analyze the specific regulations concerning construction and operation of aquaponic facilities and the commercialization of aquaponic products. We then show how aquaponics fits in with different EU policies and how it might contribute to EU sustainability goals. In the end, we provide some recommendations on how institutional conditions could be improved for aquaponics as an emerging technological innovation system.

Legal and Regulatory Framework of European Energy Markets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cansu D. Burkhalter
Keyword(s):  
Internal Energy ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Dual Structure ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Integrated Structures ◽  
The Eu

Since the beginning of the 1990s, Europe has been struggling to establish a competitive as well as a fully integrated internal energy market. Until the early 1990s, the European energy markets consisted of national monopolies possessing vertically integrated structures. They were also still nationally segregated. Since, the EU has made the decision to open European energy markets to competition and subsequently establish an internal energy market. The European energy markets are currently controlled by a dual structure consisting of two different regulatory frameworks: competition law and sector-specific regulations. The primary goal of these legal instruments is the establishment of an internal energy market. This book aims at analysing the development of the European energy markets and policies from the perspective of competition law as well as sector-specific regulations and, hence, identifying the problems regarding the introduction of competition into the energy markets.

The WTO’s Impact on China: A Battle of Administrative Review Settings between Internal and External Regulatory Frameworks

ICL Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nga Kit Christy Tang
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
External Control ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Rule By Law ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
Administrative Review ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAs a WTO member and one of the largest trading countries, China is subject to a series of rule-of-law related international obligations. Yet, China emphasizes ‘Chinese characteristics’, ‘rule by law’, and recently, ‘socialist ethics’. What is the impact of WTO law on China? This paper examines the WTO and Chinese regulatory frameworks in terms of administrative review settings. Through reviewing the roles of self, law, and government under Confucianism and Chinese Legalism, this study finds that China generally adopts a Confucian internal regulatory framework based on self-regulation, which negates external control. The WTO law, however, assumes a Chinese Legalist like external regulatory framework based on control by rules in the form of checks and balances. The impact of WTO law on China, therefore, is about a battle between these internal and external frameworks at the opposite regulatory directions. On this battlefield, China seems not to be affected by the WTO yet.

scholarly journals RENCANA STRATEGI BERSAING DAN PEMASARAN DENGAN METODE K-MEANS CLUSTER, MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING, DAN CROSS CLASSIFIED FREQUENCY

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Budiono
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Industrial Engineering ◽  
Market Segment ◽  
Engineering Student ◽  
Marketing System ◽  
Reciprocal Transfer

Marketing represent method which used by a lot of side in development or extehsion of market compaxtnent.By defenitif Marketing is an sqcial process and manajerial making individual and group. obtaining what they require and wish, through reciprocal transfer and creation of product and value \Mith others. lndustrial engineedng of muhammadiyah malang university as an institution under shade of Private sector College that is university of muhammadiyah malang. of cours€ very pay aftention to marketing problem. because it caanot deni€d that marketing playing a part important in student improvement in amount. With data existence that is degradation tendency sum up student, of cowse required an effective marketing system to utilize the improvcment of sum up student. K_Means Cluster, Multidimensional Scaling and Cross Classified Frequency rcpresenting some of appliance of analysis used in determination of market segment of Induslrial engineering, by K_Means [is] Cluster, position of industrial engineering UMM compared to competitor with Multidimensional Scaling and also Cross Classified Frequency ( crosstab ) analysis which used in behavioral determination of Industrial engineering consumer of I-IMM. Applying frorn analysis expected to bring positive impact to marketing formulation of industrial engineering of UMM, that is marketing more emphasized at segment of certain ma.ket with paid attention to segment of analysis resul! for tlle competitor, hence the marketing more emphasized at competitor according to analyse result and for crosstab, marketing €mphasized at a consumer behavior in chosening Industrial engineering of UMM, that is by tipologi consumer behavior. so that th€re is imFovement quantitatively sum up Industrial engineering student of tMM after analysis conducted.

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