Physiology, Growth, and Productivity of Spring–Summer Black Gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) as Influenced by Heat and Moisture Stresses in Different Dates of Sowing and Nutrient Management Conditions

Heat and soil moisture stress account for serious abiotic constraint in black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) production during spring–summer under Gangetic plains of Eastern India. Concurrence of these two can bring about early completion of phenophases that hampers normal metabolism of legumes by disrupting their defense mechanism, leading to poor seed set. The field experiment was conducted with two different sowing dates as the main plot, soil application of cobalt (Co) as subplots and foliar sprays of potassium (K) and boron (B) either alone or in combination as sub–sub plot treatment in a split–split plot design during spring–summer seasons of 2020 and 2021 with black gram (variety: Pant U 31). The study was aimed at evaluating the impact of sowing time and nutrients application alleviating adversities of abiotic stress during reproductive development of black gram. The March first week sown crop took significantly higher days to complete its life cycle compared to March third week sown one (82.0 vs. 78.2 and 81.8 vs. 78.8). This in turn relatively allowed a broader window for leaf area expansion, flowering, and seed filling in the first crop compared to the second one leading to the attainment of superior yield in the normal sown crop during the consecutive years. Crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), pod number per plant, seed yield, and harvest index were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) with soil Co @ 4 kg ha−1 and foliar 1.25% K + 0.2% B applications through stress mitigation by stimulating chlorophyll biosynthesis, nitrate reductase activity, proline accumulation, and cell membrane stability, irrespective of the years. Fluctuations in per plant pod number explained about 96 and 94% variations in seed yield through linear regressions in respective years. Optimum sowing date along with soil Co application combined with foliar K+B sprays manifested immense potential to achieve higher black gram production. In addition, this nutrient schedule proved to be efficient enough to promote satisfactory growth and optimum seed yield of late sown blackgram through relief of stress during the spring–summer season.

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The optimum foliar zinc source and level for improving Zn content in seed of chickpea

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr.v38i6.6731 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Nihal Kayan ◽

Nurdilek Gulmezoglu ◽

Mehmet Demir Kaya

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Seed Number ◽

Plant Seed ◽

Zn Content ◽

Pod Number

The comparative effect of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8% Zn levels of zinc chelate (Zn-EDTA; 8% Zn) and zinc sulfate (23% Zn) applied as foliar sprays for assuaging zinc deficiency of chickpea cv. Gökçe was evaluated under field condition. The sprays were applied on the plants before blooming stage during 2012 and 2013 growing seasons and seed yield, yield components like plant height, pod number per plant, seed number per plant, hundred seed weight, harvest index and mineral concentrations (nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc and iron) in seeds were investigated. Plant height, pod number per plant, seed number per plant, hundred seed weight, harvest index and seed yield were investigated. The results showed that increased zinc doses caused an increase in Zn content of seed, while seed yield was not affected similarly. In general, plant height, pod number and seed number per plant increased by the application of zinc. Lower dose of Zn-EDTA and higher dose of ZnSO<sub>4</sub> gave higher yield components. Seed weight, harvest index and seed yield were not significantly influenced by Zn sources and doses; however, mineral concentration of seeds enhanced when Zn doses were increased. It was concluded that foliar application of zinc resulted in an increase in seed mineral contents rather than seed yield of chickpea. The dose of 0.6% with Zn-EDTA was the optimum combination for Zn enrichment in seed of chickpea.

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Designer seed for enhancement of yield in black gram Vigna mungo L.

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.v50i5.3752 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

Author(s):

K. Sujatha ◽

S. Ambika

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Polymer Coating ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Vigna Mungo ◽

Black Gram ◽

Yield Performance ◽

Pod Yield

Field experiments were carried out during 2012 and 2013, to identify the yield performance of black gram designer seed. The treatment consisted of seeds fortified with KCl 1% for 6 h followed by polymer coating @ 3ml/ kg + Carbendazim @ 2g/kg + imidachloprid @ 2ml/kg + Tichoderma viride @ 4g/kg + Azospirilum lipoferum @ 40g/kg. The effect was more beneficial through increased pods/plant, pod yield/plot (g) and seed yield/ plant (g), earlier days to 50% flowering and pest and disease incidence compared to untreated control.

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Role of beneficial microbes with nitrogen and phosphorous levels on canola productivity

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.227703 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 82 ◽

Author(s):

Hazratullah ◽

A. Muhammad ◽

M. Alam ◽

I. Ahmad ◽

A. Jalal

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Plant Seed ◽

Seed Filling ◽

Beneficial Microbes ◽

Biological Yield ◽

The Impact

Abstract A research was conducted to evaluate the impact of various nitrogen and phosphorus levels along with beneficial microbes to enhance canola productivity. The research was carried out at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar in winter 2016-2017. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block factorial design. The study was comprised of three factors including nitrogen (60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1), phosphorous (70, 100 and 130 kg ha-1) and beneficial microbes (with and without BM). A control treatment with no N, P and BM was also kept for comparison. Application of beneficial microbes significantly increased pods plant, seed pod, seed filling duration, 1000 seed weight, biological yield and seed yield as compared to control plots. Nitrogen applied at the rate of 180 kg ha-1 increased pods plant-1, seed pod, seed filling duration, seed weight, biological yield and seed yield. Maximum pods plant-1, seed pod, early seed filling, heavier seed weight, biological yield, seed yield, and harvest index were observed in plots treated with 130 kg.ha-1 phosphorous. As comparison, the combine treated plots have more pods plant-1, seeds pod-1, seed filling duration, heaviest seeds, biological yield, seed yield and harvest index as compared to control plots. It is concluded that application of beneficial microbes with N and P at the rate of 180 kg ha-1 and 130 kg ha-1, respectively, increased yield and its attributes for canola.

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Response of Canola Advanced Lines to Delay Plantings upon Late Season Drought Stress

Journal of Scientific Agriculture ◽

10.25081/jsa.2017.v1.837 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 307

Author(s):

Amir Hosein Shirani Rad ◽

Nasser Shahsavari ◽

Nadia Safavi Fard

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Planting Date ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Seed Number ◽

Plant Seed ◽

Late Season ◽

Formation Stage ◽

Pod Number

In order to evaluation of canola advanced lines response to delay plantings under late season drought stress conditions, an experiment was carried out in a factorial split-plot arrangement based on RCBD with three replications during two years (2012-2014) in Karaj of Iran. Treatments were; (1): Planting date in two levels (16 October and 1 November), (2): irrigation, in two levels (I1: normal irrigation as control and I2: restricted irrigation after pod formation stage) as main plots and (3): twelve oilseed rape genotypes as sub plots such as BAL2, BAL1, BAL3, BAL6, BAL8, BAL9, BAL11, BAL15, L72, R15, L109 and Okapi. The interaction effects of planting date, irrigation and genotype on pod number per plant, seed number per pod, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, and oil yield were significant at 1% level probability. The maximum seed yield under planting at the appropriate time (16 October), normal irrigation and drought stress conditions (restricted irrigation after pod formation stage) was observed in Okapi and L109, respectively). Among genotypes, R15 line under delay planting (1 November) and both normal irrigation and drought stress conditions (restricted irrigation after pod formation stage) showed the maximum seed yield.

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Effect of integrated seed treatments on growth, seed yield and quality parameters in black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-4107 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

G. Sathiya Narayanan ◽

M. Prakash ◽

V. Rajesh Kumar

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Field Trials ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Vigna Mungo ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Black Gram ◽

Seed Treatments ◽

Legume Crop ◽

Yield Parameters

Pulses are one of the most important legume crops in India contributing significantly high quality protein. Among the legumes, black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper), is an important legume crop in our country belonging to the family leguminoceae. The low productivity in pulses may be due to the fact that they are normally grown in marginal lands with inadequate soil moisture and poor fertility status. To increase yield under these circumstances, integrated seed treatment is given as a presowing treatment. Hence, a study was attempted to find out the influence of integrated seed treatments on growth and yield parameters in black gram. The seeds of black gram cv VBN 4 were subjected to various seed treatments and treated seeds along with the control were evaluated for their seed quality, growth, gas exchange and yield parameters both in laboratory and field trials. The study revealed that seeds fortified with MgSO4 + polykote + carbendazim + dimethoate + bioinoculant (Pseudomononas fluorescens) + Rhizobium + Azophos + pelleting with DAP recorded higher seed yield and other parameters when compared to control.

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EFFECTS OF PLANTING DATE AND SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT ON COMMON BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris) YIELD UNDER WEED-FREE AND WEEDY CONDITIONS

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582015000300005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 425-432 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. ESMAEILZADEH ◽

H. AMINPANAH

Keyword(s):

Spatial Pattern ◽

Common Bean ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Weed Management ◽

Planting Date ◽

Seed Number ◽

Planting Pattern ◽

Plant Seed ◽

Pod Length ◽

Pod Number

ABSTRACTTo evaluate the effect of planting date and spatial pattern on common bean yield under weed-free and weed-infested conditions, an experiment was conducted in Kelachay, Northern Iran, in 2013. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a factorial arrangement with three replicates. Factors were planting date (10 August and 20 August), spatial pattern (square and rectangular planting pattern, with a planting distance of 30 x 30 cm and 45 x 20 cm, respectively), and weed management regime (weed-free and weedy conditions, weeded and not weeded throughout the growing season, respectively). Results showed that the main effect of planting date was significant only for pod number per plant and seed number per pod. At the same time, pod number per plant, seed number per pod, pod length, and grain yield were influenced significantly by spatial pattern. Results of ANOVA have also indicated that all traits, except pod length, were influenced significantly by weed-management regimes. Moreover, effect of planting date and spatial pattern were nonsignificant for weed dry weight. Mean comparison has expressed a significant increment in seed yield for square planting arrangement (1,055 kg ha-1) over rectangular (971 kg ha-1). Weeding has also presented an overall 12% and 8% improvement in grain and pod yield over control (weedy check), respectively. Based on the results of this study, weed control, as well as square planting pattern, are recommended for obtaining the highest seed yield in common bean.

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Thermal Response of Spring–Summer-Grown Black Gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) in Indian Subtropics

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12111489 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 1489

Author(s):

Purabi Banerjee ◽

Bishal Mukherjee ◽

Visha Kumari Venugopalan ◽

Rajib Nath ◽

Malamal Alickal Sarath Chandran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Thermal Environment ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Black Gram ◽

Soil Application ◽

Foliar Sprays ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

The Impact

The thermal environment of a crop is one of the prime factors enhancing growth and production by regulating its physiological processes at different phenophases. To study the impact of thermal regime on spring–summer-grown black gram (variety Pant Urd 31), an experiment was conducted with different sowing dates (from the first to the third week of March), soil application of cobalt (Co) and foliar sprays of potassium (K) and boron (B) in various combinations in the split–split plot design during 2020 and 2021. The first-week-of-March-sown crop recorded more accumulated growing degree-days (GDD), photothermal units (PTU) and heliothermal units (HTU) with a longer duration than the later sown crop. Higher daily mean temperature during the reproductive stage of the later sown crop compelled it to complete the phenophases earlier than the normally sown crop, leading to yield reduction. Soil application of Co at 4 kg ha−1 and foliar sprays of K at 1.25% and B at 0.2% mitigated the adversities of excess heat irrespective of sowing dates. Variations in GDD and HTU, respectively, explained variations of about 75.8% and 87.3% in the final dry matter accumulation and of 72.9% and 84.8% in seed yield through polynomial regressions in the respective years. The maximum mean thermal use efficiency (TUE) for biomass production (0.24 g m−2/°C/day−1) and seed yield (0.11 g m−2/°C/day−1) were observed with Co soil application and combined foliar sprays of K and B due to higher dry matter production or seed yield with lower heat units accumulation in the first sown crop.

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