scholarly journals Reduction of Nitrogen Losses in Winter Wheat Grown on Light Soils

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2337
Author(s):  
Antoni Faber ◽  
Zuzanna Jarosz ◽  
Agnieszka Rutkowska ◽  
Tamara Jadczyszyn
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Losses ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
N Dose ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
N Rates

Two 16-year-old series of experiments with winter wheat grown in rotation after winter oilseed rape were used in the study. The experiments were located in the cold temperate dry and moist climate zones on light soils. Wheat was fertilized with nitrogen in the doses of 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 kg N·ha−1 per year. Through the several years of the experiment, critical N rates for maximum yield and gross margin from the linear-plus plateau regressions were 149 ± 23.9 and 112 ± 23.6 kg N·ha−1, respectively. The estimated nitrogen indicators for these doses were as follows: nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) 93 and 108%, N surplus (Ns) 6.8 and −10.1 kg·N·ha−1, yield-scaled Ns, N2O, and NH3 3.5 and −0.2; 0.35 and 0.30; 0.31 and 0.25 kg N·Mg−1, respectively. Experiments have shown that two strategies for reducing nitrogen losses on light soils under wheat cultivation are possible: by limiting the N dose to the critical values due to the yield requirements, or due to the gross margin. The analysis of the 11-year data for 2300 farm fields with winter wheat grown on light soils showed that only 10% of them were implementing the first strategy, and as much as 90% chose the second strategy.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of winter wheat cultivation in adaptive crop rotation on chernozem typical

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Ivan Prushchik ◽  
Svetlana Khlupina
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Wheat Cultivation

The paper presents the results of research to assess the efficiency of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation in adaptive crop rotations on typical chernozem. The crop yield have analyzed for three different crop rotations (grain-fallow, grain-grass-row, and grain-grass) in comparison with a monoculture on a stationary multifactorial field experiment on physical modeling of the farming system of the FSBSI “Kursk FARC” (Kursk region, Medvensky district). It was determined that the maximum yield was obtained in grain-and-row crop rotation; on average, over three years of research, the increase in it was 1.71 t/ha. Statistical data processing has carried out and correlations between the weather conditions of the year and the yield of winter wheat has revealed. Thus, a moderate direct relationship (r = 0.65) was established with atmospheric precipitation, and a moderate inverse relationship with the sum of effective temperatures (r = 0.58). Indicators of economic efficiency of winter wheat cultivation have calculated, both for monoculture and for three types of crop rotations. The lowest cost of winter wheat grain – 5926.94 t/ha – was recorded in grain-fallow crop rotation, which provided the highest net income of 12056.26 and the highest profitability among all options – 68.72%.

scholarly journals Growth, production and water and nitrogen use efficiency of maize under water depths and nitrogen fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 747-753
Author(s):  
David H. Campelo ◽  
Adunias dos S. Teixeira ◽  
Luis C. J. Moreira ◽  
Claudivan F. de Lacerda
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Area Index ◽  
N Dose ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Depths

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, the production components and the water (WUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in maize (Zea mays L.), as function of water depths and nitrogen doses. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a split-plot scheme with four repetitions. The irrigation treatments applied in the plots were composed of four water depths: 80, 90, 100 and 110% of the water requirement, based on the soil field capacity, while the N doses, distributed in the subplots, were 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1. Increases in water depths and in N doses promote linear increases in plant height and leaf area index. For cycle I (2015) the maximum yield (16,778.3 kg ha-1) was reached with the irrigation depth of 538.1 mm and nitrogen dose of 180 kg ha-1; and for cycle II (2016), the maximum yield was reached with the irrigation depth corresponding to 505 mm and N dose of 180 kg ha-1, yielding 17,819.5 kg ha-1. The highest values of WUE (4.1 and 3.8 kg m-3) were estimated in cycle I (2015) for 432.7 mm and in cycle II (2016) for 359.6 mm, respectively; while the highest values of NUE (67.5 and 65.3 kg kg-1) were estimated in cycle I (2015), for the water depth of 555.7 mm and nitrogen dose of 113.3 kg ha-1, and in cycle II (2016), for the water depth of 506 mm and nitrogen dose of 107.7 kg ha-1.

scholarly journals Assessment of agricultural practices of winter wheat cultivation in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Elena Viktorovna Kuzina
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Middle Volga

The article considers the results of observation of the growth, development and formation of winter wheat grain yield depending on the methods of basic soil treatment, applied fertilizers and biofungicide  Phytotrix. It was found out that the options with shallow and surface treatment were not inferior to the control in terms of yield (plowing by 20-22cm). Mineral fertilizers in a dose of N30P30K30 provided an increase in the productivity of winter wheat relative to the non-fertilized background by an average of 0.54 t / ha. Treatment of plants with phytotrix increased grain production on a non-fertilized background by 0.33 t / ha, on the background of N30P30K30 by 0.76 t / ha. The maximum yield of winter wheat-5.03 t / ha was achieved with the use of combing on the background of N30P30K30 + Phytotrix. The greatest responsiveness in collecting grain from fertilizers was observed in the variants of comb-back processing and surface disking, where the increase was 0.68-0.89 t / ha against the background of N30P30K30 application, and 1.05 t/ha against the background of N30P30K30 + Phytotrix relative to the natural background of the corresponding treatments.Apply mineral fertilizers in a dose of N30P30K30, with the application of biofungicide treatment on the vegetation of the crop, which will increase the yield by 0.76 t / ha, compared to the non-fertilized background.

Use of climatic data for estimating nitrogen fertilizer requirements of dryland wheat

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Korentajer ◽  
P. R. Berlinger ◽  
F. J. Dijkhus ◽  
J. Van Zyl
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Response Models ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
N Rates

SUMMARYThe effect of moisture stress on N fertilizer needs of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was assessed using yield and meteorological data from N x P and N x P x K factorial trials, conducted on farmers' fields in a summer and a winter rainfall area in South Africa in 1979–84. Three to five rates of N fertilizer between 15 and 135 kg N/ha (plus control) and two to four replicates were used. The data were statistically analysed by a multiple regression yield model using applied N rate, N, and seasonal moisture stress, S, as the explanatory variables. A good positive correlation (r = 0.83, S.E. = 0.341 t/ha, D.F. = 48) was obtained between the estimated and the observed yields. The effects of S on Nmax and Novl (i.e. the N rates corresponding to maximum yield and an economically optimal rate, respectively), were evaluated. For 0.05 < S 7lt; 0.3, the range of S values representative of dryland cropping conditions, Nmax was largely independent of S, whereas Nopl increased sharply with decreasing S. The results indicated that N-response models which include moisture stress parameters may be used to determine the cropping areas climatically most suitable for wheat cultivation.

scholarly journals Small-Scale Variation in Nitrogen Use Efficiency Parameters in Winter Wheat as Affected by N Fertilization and Tillage Intensity

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3621
Author(s):  
Ruth-Maria Hausherr Lüder ◽  
Ruijun Qin ◽  
Walter Richner ◽  
Peter Stamp ◽  
Bernhard Streit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Scale Variation

Limited information exists on how tillage and nitrogen (N) fertilization affects small-scale variation in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and crop performance. In a two-year field study under temperate conditions, we investigated how tillage (NT, no-tillage; CT, conventional tillage) and N fertilization affected the small-scale variation in NUE and winter wheat performance (grain yield, Gw; grain protein concentration, GPC). A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Within each tillage plot (12 × 35 m2), N rates (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 kg N ha−1) were completely randomized within each of four groups of microplots (1.5 × 1.5 m2). Early-season soil mineral N (Nmin) was also monitored in both years. At rates < 150 kg N ha−1, NT was not competitive with CT in terms of Gw and NUE. Gw and aboveground plant N were not correlated with Nmin prior to application of N fertilizer. NT usually led to larger spatial heterogeneity of Nmin, Gw, and NUE. The small-scale variability of Gw, GPC, NUE, and N supply decreased with increasing N fertilization rates under both tillage systems. Significant increases in Gw and GPC were observed with increasing N rates, whereas NUE decreased slightly with increasing N rates in both NT and CT. The overall moderate spatial variation in Nmin, Gw, and NUE did not justify site-specific N fertilization in these small fields, with the exception of the stony within-plot positions, which were not responsive to rates of N > 50 kg N ha−1.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Nitrogen Fertilization Systems Based on the in-Season Variability in the Nitrogenous Growth Factor and Soil Fertility Factors—A Case of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold Grzebisz ◽  
Remigiusz Łukowiak ◽  
Karol Kotnis
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
N Rates

Application of nitrogen (N) in contrastive chemical form changes availability of soil nutrients, affecting crop response. This hypothesis was evaluated based on field experiments conducted in 2015/16 and 2016/2017. The experiment consisted of three nitrogen fertilization systems: mineral-ammonium nitrate (AN) (M-NFS), organic-digestate (O-NFS), 2/3 digestate + 1/3 AN (OM-NFS), and N rates: 0, 80, 120, 160; 240 kg ha−1. The content of nitrogen nitrate (N-NO3) and available phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) were determined at rosette, onset of flowering, and maturity of winter oilseed rape (WOSR) growth from three soil layers: 0.0–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–0.9 m. The optimum N rates were: 139, 171 and 210 kg ha−1 for the maximum yield of 3.616, 3.887, 4.195 t ha−1, for M-NFS, O-NFS, OM-NFS. The N-NO3 content at rosette of 150 kg ha−1 and its decrease to 48 kg ha−1 at the onset of flowering was the prerequisite of high yield. The key factor limiting yield in the M-NFS was the shortage of Ca, Mg, O-NFS—shortage of N-NO3. Plants in the OM-NFS were well-balanced due to a positive impact of the subsoil Mg and Ca on the N-NO3 content and productivity. The rosette stage was revealed as the cardinal for the correction of WOSR N nutritional status.

Impacts of high intensity crop rotation and N management on oilseed rape productivity in Germany

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Hegewald ◽  
Barbara Koblenz ◽  
Monika Wensch-Dorendorf ◽  
Olaf Christen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

A rotational field experiment was established in the year 2002 at the experimental farm Etzdorf in the Hercynian dry region of central Germany. Since 2005 field measured datasets were used to determine the effect of different preceding crop combinations and different nitrogen (N) fertilisation treatments on the seed yield, oil content, oil yield and N-use efficiency of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The preceding crop combinations compared were winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-winter wheat (WW), WW-oilseed rape (OSR), OSR-OSR and an OSR monoculture. In addition to the preceding crop combination, N fertiliser treatments with either 120 kg N ha–1 or 180 kg N ha–1 were established in the year 2013. Overall the results demonstrated that seed yield, oil yield and N-use efficiency all declined with an increased cropping intensity for the period 2005–2012. Higher N rates in the 2013–2014 seasons increased seed yield and oil yield when OSR followed WW-WW pre-crops. OSR monoculture had lowest yield independent of applied N. Seed yield declined from 4.61 t ha–1 (OSR following WW-WW) to 4.28 t ha–1 in the OSR monoculture with 120 kg N ha–1, and from 4.81 t ha–1 (following WW-WW) to 4.42 t ha–1 in the OSR monoculture with 180 kg N ha–1. Higher N rates generally reduced N-use efficiency, with highest N-efficiency for WW-WW-OSR (38.4 kg kg–1), and lowest for continuous OSR receiving 180 kg N ha–1 (24.5 kg kg–1). These results emphasise the importance of crop rotation to maintain seed yield and oil yield of oilseed rape, and to maximise the response to applied N. A reduced N rate increased N-use efficiency and reduced the risk of high N surpluses without a significant/equivalent decrease of the seed yield when the rotation was optimised.

The long-term effects of applying high rates of N fertilizer to winter wheat

1989 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Holbrook ◽  
W. J. Ridgman
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Gross Margin

SummaryAn experiment in which all combinations of four rates of N fertilizer soon after sowing, four in early spring and nine in late spring were applied to the same plots of winter wheat for 6 years is described and the effects discussed.It was found that although the yield varied considerably from year to year the regime leading to greatest yield was fairly consistent. If the farmer had used the regime which gave the greatest average yield (0, 90, 180 kg N/ha in autumn, early spring and late spring, respectively) he would have averaged only 0·12 t/ha less than the maximum attainable each year.Application of N increased protein concentration in the grain more or less linearly but the latest application increased it most. Since the regime which gave greatest yield on average produced grain which qualified for bread-making premium from the protein point of view in all years except 1981, adopting the regime which gave maximum yield would reduce the potential maximum gross margin by only £30/ha.Analysis of the soil showed a reduction in pH down to 15 cm and of available P2O5 down to 10 cm.

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