scholarly journals Post-Anthesis Photosynthetic Properties Provide Insights into Yield Potential of Tartary Buckwheat Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dabing Xiang ◽  
Chengrui Ma ◽  
Yue Song ◽  
Qi Wu ◽  
Xiaoyong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
The Difference

Photosynthesis is the basis for plant productivity, and improvement of photosynthetic efficiency is an important way to improve crop yield. However, the relationship between photosynthetic parameters and the yield of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) under rainfed conditions is unclear. A two-year field trial was conducted during 2016 and 2017 to assess the photosynthetic capacity of different leaves, dry matter accumulation, and yield of four Tartary buckwheat cultivars from flowering to maturity. The leaves of all cultivars aged gradually after flowering, and the leaf chlorophyll (Chl) and soluble protein (SP) contents, net photosynthetic rates (Pn), transpiration rates (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs) tended to decline. The Chl, SP, Pn, Tr, and Gs of cultivars (cvs.) XiQiao2 and QianKu3 were significantly higher than those of LiuKu3 and JiuJiang at each sampling time from 18 days after anthesis to maturity, but the intercellular CO2 content (Ci) showed the opposite trend. Cultivars XiQiao2 and QianKu3 produced more total dry matter (mean 17.1% higher), had higher harvest index (HI, mean 16.4% higher), and yield (mean 29.0% higher) than cvs. LiuKu3 and JiuJiang at maturity, and the difference was remarkably consistent. The yield of all the cultivars was positively correlated with leaf Chl, SP, Pn, Tr, and Gs, but negatively correlated with Ci. At late growth stages, the high-yielding cultivars maintained higher Chl, SP contents, Pn, Tr, and Gs, and showed higher dry matter accumulation and lower Ci than the low-yielding cultivars, consistent with their higher leaf photosynthetic capacity. The important factors determining the yield of Tartary buckwheat were maintaining higher leaf Chl and SP content and photosynthetic capacity and delaying aging during the grain formation stage. Enhanced rates of photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation led to higher post-anthesis accumulation of biomass with a positive impact on grain number and higher yield.

scholarly journals Physiological and developmental traits associated with the grain yield of winter wheat as affected by phosphorus fertilizer management

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Xiu Chen ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Yuan Liang ◽  
Yu-Min Liu ◽  
Shi-Jie Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Spike Number

Abstract Although researchers have determined that attaining high grain yields of winter wheat depends on the spike number and the shoot biomass, a quantitative understanding of how phosphorus (P) nutrition affects spike formation, leaf expansion and photosynthesis is still lacking. A 3-year field experiment with wheat with six P application rates (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg P ha−1) was conducted to investigate this issue. Stem development and mortality, photosynthetic parameters, dry matter accumulation, and P concentration in whole shoots and in single tillers were studied at key growth stages for this purpose. The results indicated that spike number contributed the most to grain yield of all the yield components in a high-yielding (>8 t/ha) winter wheat system. The main stem (MS) contributed 79% to the spike number and tiller 1 (T1) contributed 21%. The 2.7 g kg−1 tiller P concentration associated with 15 mg kg−1 soil Olsen-P at anthesis stage led to the maximal rate of productive T1s (64%). The critical shoot P concentration that resulted in an adequate product of Pn and LAI was identified as 2.1 g kg−1. The thresholds of shoot P concentration that led to the maximum productive ability of T1 and optimal canopy photosynthetic capacity at anthesis were very similar. In conclusion, the thresholds of soil available P and shoot P concentration in whole plants and in single organs (individual tillers) were established for optimal spike formation, canopy photosynthetic capacity, and dry matter accumulation. These thresholds could be useful in achieving high grain yields while avoiding excessive P fertilization.

scholarly journals Seasonal Partitioning of Leaf and Fruit Potassium and Fruit Dry Matter in French Prune Trees at Various Potassium Levels

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 981-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J.A. Niederholzer ◽  
R.M. Carlson ◽  
K. Uriu ◽  
N.H. Willits ◽  
J.P. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
High K

A study was undertaken to determine the seasonal dynamics of leaf and fruit K content and the influence of tree K status and fruit growth on leaf and fruit K accumulation rates in French prune (Prunus domestics L. cv. d'Agen). Mature trees in a commercial orchard were treated with various rates of K2 SO4. (O to ≈20 kg/tree) in the fall. Fruit dry weight yield per tree at harvest and fruit K content were higher for high-K trees, but fruit percent K (by dry weight) was ≈1.0% for all trees. Leaf scorch and subsequent abscission severely reduced the canopy of K-deficient trees. Significant positive linear relationships between leaf and fruit K accumulation rates existed for the periods of 28 Apr.-28 May (May) and 28 May-7 July (June). A significant negative linear relationship existed between these two criteria from 7 July-3 Aug. (July). May (0.237 mg K per fruit-day) and July (0.267 mg K per fruit-day) mean fruit K accumulation rates were similar, but both were significantly higher (P = 0.001) than those for June (0.140 mg K per fruit-day). Mean leaf K accumulation rates for May (- 0.007 mg K per leaf-day) and July (-0.010 mg K per leaf-day) were similar, but both were significantly (P = 0.001) less than for June (0.005 mg K per leaf-day). Potassium per fruit accumulation was highest in trees with highest K status. Periods of net leaf K efflux and influx did not precisely correlate with fruit growth stages measured by fruit dry weight. The period of lowest fruit K accumulation (28 May-7 July) coincided with the period of maximum dry matter accumulation by the kernel. After 7 July, all increases in fruit dry weight and K content were due to mesocarp growth.

scholarly journals Critical Leaf Magnesium Concentrations for Adequate Photosynthate Production of Soilless Cultured Cherry Tomato—Interaction with Potassium

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1863
Author(s):  
Xilin Guan ◽  
Dunyi Liu ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Changchun Wu ◽  
Chuanyun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Ca Uptake ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

Magnesium (Mg) is essential to many plant physiological and biochemical processes; however, understanding how Mg nutrition quantitatively affects the production, partitioning, and utilization of photoassimilates is still lacking, especially in soilless culture systems. We focused on the roles of Mg in yield formation and interactions with potassium (K) nutrition of cherry tomato. Cherry tomato yield, photosynthetic parameters, dry matter weight, and K, Mg, and calcium (Ca) uptake were investigated in two soilless experiments with seven Mg levels and five K levels. The results showed that low (<1 mM) and high (>4 mM) Mg supply limited cherry tomato yield by decreasing dry matter accumulation by 22.6–78.1% and harvest index by 13.9–40.7%. The critical leaf Mg concentrations required for adequate photosynthate production in the first and second harvest periods were 4.67 and 5.52 g·kg−1, respectively. However, over-supply of Mg reduced leaf K and Ca concentrations and limited plant uptake of K and Ca. Moreover, adjusting K concentrations in solution could influence plant Mg functions in photosynthesis and, therefore, cherry tomato growth. Overall, balanced Mg and K application increased Mg, K, and Ca uptake, as well as Mg concentrations in leaves, which could maintain a sustainable photosynthetic rate and plant dry matter formation.

High ear number is key to achieving high wheat yields in the high-rainfall zone of south-western Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heping Zhang ◽  
Neil C. Turner ◽  
Michael L. Poole ◽  
Senthold Asseng
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Sink Capacity

The growth and yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were examined to determine the actual and potential yields of wheat at a site in the high rainfall zone (HRZ) of south-western Australia. Spring wheat achieved yields of 5.5−5.9 t/ha in 2001 and 2003 when subsurface waterlogging was absent or minimal. These yields were close to the estimated potential, indicating that a high yield potential is achievable. In 2002 when subsurface waterlogging occurred early in the growing season, the yield of spring wheat was 40% lower than the estimated potential. The yield of wheat was significantly correlated with the number of ears per m2 (r2 = 0.81) and dry matter at anthesis (r2 = 0.73). To achieve 5–6 t/ha of yield of wheat in the HRZ, 450–550 ears per m2 and 10–11 t/ha dry matter at anthesis should be targetted. Attaining such a level of dry matter at anthesis did not have a negative effect on dry-matter accumulation during the post-anthesis period. The harvest index (0.36−0.38) of spring wheat was comparable with that in drier parts of south-western Australia, but relatively low given the high rainfall and the long growing season. This relatively low harvest index indicates that the selected cultivar bred for the low- and medium-rainfall zone in this study, when grown in the HRZ, may have genetic limitations in sink capacity arising from the low grain number per ear. We suggest that the yield of wheat in the HRZ may be increased further by increasing the sink capacity by increasing the number of grains per ear.

scholarly journals Source sink relationship, dry matter and starch partitioning in developing ginger rhizomes during different growth stages

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
K.S. Krishnamurthy ◽  
K. Kandiannan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Active Biomass ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Source Sink

Source sink relationship, dry matter and starch partitioning, rhizome bulking process in relation to dry matter and starch partitioning in developing rhizomes and growth and gas exchange parameters were studied in three popular varieties of ginger viz., IISR Varada, IISR Mahima and IISR Rejatha. Results revealed that maximum tiller production and leaf area accumulation occurred between 60 and 120 days after planting (DAP) in all three varieties. Photosynthetic rate and hormone contents (auxin and cytokinin) increased from 90-120 DAP, peaked at 120 DAP and then started declining. Biomass partitioning data revealed that the active biomass accumulation stage was between 60 and 150 DAP in ginger. The dry matter accumulation pattern in rhizomes also revealed that maximum dry matter accumulation in rhizomes also occurred between 60 and 150 DAP in all the three varieties. Maximum starch accumulation in the rhizomes also occurred during the same period. These results suggest that most of the rhizome bulking process occurred between 60 and150 DAP in ginger. Total biomass accumulation, dry matter accumulation and starch accumulation in rhizomes followed similar trends.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE NITROGEN FIXING CAPABILITIES OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS LINES, DEVELOPED FOR THE CARIBBEAN BASIN

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 498b-498
Author(s):  
Paige Hanning ◽  
Dyremple B. Marsh ◽  
Mohsen Dkhili
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Caribbean Basin ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Chemically fixed nitrogen is a costly import for Caribbean Basin Countries. Increased cost of fertilizer only serves to reduce crop yields in these areas. This greenhouse research was undertaken to evaluate the N2 fixing capabilities and yield potential of several Phaseolus vulgaris lines developed for use in Caribbean Basin countries. Ten common bean lines from breeding programs at the Universities of Puerto Rico and Wisconsin and two efficient Rhizobium phaseoli strains were used for the study. Plants treated with Rhizobium UMR 1899 and UMR 1632 had significantly higher stem and leaf dry weight than the control plants. Bean lines WBR 22-34, WBR 22-50, WBR 22-55, PR9056-98B and the cultivar Coxstone showed increased dry matter accumulation over that of the control plants. Plants treated with the Rhizobium strain UMR 1899 had the highest stem and leaf dry matter accumulation. Nodulation was significantly higher when plants were treated with UMR 1632. The lines WBR 22-34 and PR 9056-98B produced more nodules than the other lines used. Pod yield as measured by number of immature pods was highest for PR 9056-98B when inoculated with Rhizobium UMR 1899.

Nutrient and dry matter accumulation in different generations of banana at different growth stages

Fruits ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangzhou Zhang ◽  
◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Zhao Fang ◽  
Baoshen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Winter wheat growth and nitrogen demand in south coastal British Columbia

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Bomke ◽  
W. D. Temple ◽  
S. Yu
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Winter wheat, Triticum aestivum, is a new crop in south coastal British Columbia. The purposes of this study were to characterize plant development, dry matter accumulation and N uptake under low input and intensively managed systems as well as to assess the capability of some of the region’s soils to supply N to the crop. Grain yields, crop development and dry matter and N accumulation were similar to those reported from southern England. High amounts of winter rainfall (November–April precipitation ranged from 523 to 1111 mm) leach virtually all residual NO3 from south coastal B.C. soils and, without N fertilization, result in uniformly N deficient winter wheat. The low input N regime, 75 kg N ha−1 at Zadoks growth stage 31, plus soil N mineralized subsequent to the winter leaching period were sufficient in this study to maximize grain and total aboveground crop dry matter yields, but not to achieve adequate grain protein contents. The soils in the study were capable of supplying N in amounts sufficient to support only 30–53% of the maximum N uptake between growth stages 31 and 78. Appropriate quantities and timing of N are critical to successful production of high-yielding, good-quality wheat in south coastal British Columbia. Nitrogen management is likely to be most efficient when guided by the stage of crop development and demand and not by spring soil sampling and mineral N analysis. Key words: Winter wheat, N demand, soil N supply, crop development, intensive crop management, low input

scholarly journals Dry Matter Accumulation and Nutrient Uptake by Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Poplar (Populus deltoides) Based Agroforestry System

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Sharma ◽  
Raman Jeet Singh ◽  
Kuldeep Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Nutrients Uptake

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) being grown with association of boundary plantations of poplar (Populus deltoides M.) has to face competition for water and nutrients uptake. Field experiment was carried to study the dry matter accumulation pattern and nutrients uptake by wheat grown in association with boundary plantations of three- and four-year-old poplar plants under irrigated condition. Dry matter accumulation of wheat declined considerably due to presence of poplar tree line during all the growth stages as compared to pure crop. Maximum reduction in dry matter accumulation in wheat was observed near the tree line (0–3 m) under both three- as well as four-year-old plantation (21.1 and 17.8 per cent under three- and four-year-old trees, resp.) which tapered off beyond that, but synergetic effect caused by existence of trees increased dry matter significantly between 3–6 m distance and 6–9 m distance under both three- as well as four-year-old plantation. Similarly, minimum concentration of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) as well as their uptake in wheat plants was observed near the tree line (0–3 m) and increased subsequently with increase in distance from tree line.

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