scholarly journals Critical Leaf Magnesium Concentrations for Adequate Photosynthate Production of Soilless Cultured Cherry Tomato—Interaction with Potassium

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1863
Author(s):  
Xilin Guan ◽  
Dunyi Liu ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Changchun Wu ◽  
Chuanyun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Ca Uptake ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

Magnesium (Mg) is essential to many plant physiological and biochemical processes; however, understanding how Mg nutrition quantitatively affects the production, partitioning, and utilization of photoassimilates is still lacking, especially in soilless culture systems. We focused on the roles of Mg in yield formation and interactions with potassium (K) nutrition of cherry tomato. Cherry tomato yield, photosynthetic parameters, dry matter weight, and K, Mg, and calcium (Ca) uptake were investigated in two soilless experiments with seven Mg levels and five K levels. The results showed that low (<1 mM) and high (>4 mM) Mg supply limited cherry tomato yield by decreasing dry matter accumulation by 22.6–78.1% and harvest index by 13.9–40.7%. The critical leaf Mg concentrations required for adequate photosynthate production in the first and second harvest periods were 4.67 and 5.52 g·kg−1, respectively. However, over-supply of Mg reduced leaf K and Ca concentrations and limited plant uptake of K and Ca. Moreover, adjusting K concentrations in solution could influence plant Mg functions in photosynthesis and, therefore, cherry tomato growth. Overall, balanced Mg and K application increased Mg, K, and Ca uptake, as well as Mg concentrations in leaves, which could maintain a sustainable photosynthetic rate and plant dry matter formation.

Magnesium supply regulate leaf nutrition and plant growth of soilless cultured cherry tomato - interaction with potassium

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xilin Guan ◽  
Xiaozhong Wang ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Changchun Wu ◽  
Chuanyun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Ca Uptake ◽  
Quantitative Understanding ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Abstract Background: Magnesium (Mg) is essential to many plant physiological and biochemical processes; however, a quantitative understanding of how Mg nutrition affects the production, partitioning and utilization of photoassimilates is still lacking, especially for soilless culture system. We focused on the roles of Mg in yield formation and interactions with potassium (K) nutrition of cherry tomato. Cherry tomato yield, leaf Mg concentration, photosynthetic parameters, dry matter weight and K, Mg and calcium (Ca) uptake were investigated in two soilless experiments with seven Mg levels and five K levels.Results: Low (<1 mM) and high (>4 mM) Mg supply limited cherry tomato yield by decreasing 22.6-78.1% dry matter accumulation and 13.9-40.7% harvest index. The critical leaf Mg concentrations required for adequate photosynthate production in the first and second harvest periods were 4.67 and 5.52 g kg –1 , respectively. But over-supply of Mg disturbed leaf K and Ca concentrations, limiting the plant K and Ca content. Moreover, adjusting K concentrations in solution is a crucial factor influencing plant Mg functions, and therefore cherry tomato growth.Conclusion: Balanced Mg and K application increased Mg, K, and Ca uptake by cherry tomato, as well as Mg concentrations in leaves which could maintain a sustainable photosynthetic rate and plant dry matter formation.

scholarly journals Physiological and developmental traits associated with the grain yield of winter wheat as affected by phosphorus fertilizer management

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Xiu Chen ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Yuan Liang ◽  
Yu-Min Liu ◽  
Shi-Jie Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Spike Number

Abstract Although researchers have determined that attaining high grain yields of winter wheat depends on the spike number and the shoot biomass, a quantitative understanding of how phosphorus (P) nutrition affects spike formation, leaf expansion and photosynthesis is still lacking. A 3-year field experiment with wheat with six P application rates (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg P ha−1) was conducted to investigate this issue. Stem development and mortality, photosynthetic parameters, dry matter accumulation, and P concentration in whole shoots and in single tillers were studied at key growth stages for this purpose. The results indicated that spike number contributed the most to grain yield of all the yield components in a high-yielding (>8 t/ha) winter wheat system. The main stem (MS) contributed 79% to the spike number and tiller 1 (T1) contributed 21%. The 2.7 g kg−1 tiller P concentration associated with 15 mg kg−1 soil Olsen-P at anthesis stage led to the maximal rate of productive T1s (64%). The critical shoot P concentration that resulted in an adequate product of Pn and LAI was identified as 2.1 g kg−1. The thresholds of shoot P concentration that led to the maximum productive ability of T1 and optimal canopy photosynthetic capacity at anthesis were very similar. In conclusion, the thresholds of soil available P and shoot P concentration in whole plants and in single organs (individual tillers) were established for optimal spike formation, canopy photosynthetic capacity, and dry matter accumulation. These thresholds could be useful in achieving high grain yields while avoiding excessive P fertilization.

scholarly journals Post-Anthesis Photosynthetic Properties Provide Insights into Yield Potential of Tartary Buckwheat Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dabing Xiang ◽  
Chengrui Ma ◽  
Yue Song ◽  
Qi Wu ◽  
Xiaoyong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
The Difference

Photosynthesis is the basis for plant productivity, and improvement of photosynthetic efficiency is an important way to improve crop yield. However, the relationship between photosynthetic parameters and the yield of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) under rainfed conditions is unclear. A two-year field trial was conducted during 2016 and 2017 to assess the photosynthetic capacity of different leaves, dry matter accumulation, and yield of four Tartary buckwheat cultivars from flowering to maturity. The leaves of all cultivars aged gradually after flowering, and the leaf chlorophyll (Chl) and soluble protein (SP) contents, net photosynthetic rates (Pn), transpiration rates (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs) tended to decline. The Chl, SP, Pn, Tr, and Gs of cultivars (cvs.) XiQiao2 and QianKu3 were significantly higher than those of LiuKu3 and JiuJiang at each sampling time from 18 days after anthesis to maturity, but the intercellular CO2 content (Ci) showed the opposite trend. Cultivars XiQiao2 and QianKu3 produced more total dry matter (mean 17.1% higher), had higher harvest index (HI, mean 16.4% higher), and yield (mean 29.0% higher) than cvs. LiuKu3 and JiuJiang at maturity, and the difference was remarkably consistent. The yield of all the cultivars was positively correlated with leaf Chl, SP, Pn, Tr, and Gs, but negatively correlated with Ci. At late growth stages, the high-yielding cultivars maintained higher Chl, SP contents, Pn, Tr, and Gs, and showed higher dry matter accumulation and lower Ci than the low-yielding cultivars, consistent with their higher leaf photosynthetic capacity. The important factors determining the yield of Tartary buckwheat were maintaining higher leaf Chl and SP content and photosynthetic capacity and delaying aging during the grain formation stage. Enhanced rates of photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation led to higher post-anthesis accumulation of biomass with a positive impact on grain number and higher yield.

scholarly journals Biometric variables and photosynthetic pigments in tamarind seedlings irrigated with saline water and biofertilizers

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1909
Author(s):  
Antonio João de Lima Neto ◽  
Lourival Ferreira Cavalcante ◽  
Járisson Cavalcante Nunes ◽  
Antônio Gustavo de Luna Souto ◽  
Francisco Thiago Coelho Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Input Techniques ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Saline level of water or soil beyond the limit tolerated by crops may impair morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes of plants in general, including tamarind. This problem requires the adoption of management and input techniques to reduce the degenerative effects of salts on plant species. In this sense, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of bovine biofertilizers on biometric variables and chlorophyll contents in tamarind seedlings irrigated with saline water. The experiment was conducted from October 2012 to January 2013, in Areia, PB, Brazil, in a randomized block design with four replications and five plants per plot in a 5 × 3 factorial scheme, consisting of electrical conductivity of water of 0.5, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 dS m?1 and soil without and with common and chemically enriched biofertilizers. Leaf area, shoot dry matter, and contents of chlorophyll a, b, total, and carotenoids were assessed at 100 days after sowing. The increased water salinity reduced leaf area and seedling biomass formation, with a higher intensity in the soil without biofertilizer. The addition of biofertilizers allows the formation of tamarind seedlings irrigated with water of a salinity not tolerated by them when cultivated in the soil without the tested inputs.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Assimilation and Translocation Regulate Grain Yield Formation in Wheat Crops (Triticum aestivum L.) under Post-Flowering Waterlogging

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2209
Author(s):  
Shangyu Ma ◽  
Panpan Gai ◽  
Yanyan Wang ◽  
Najeeb Ullah ◽  
Wenjing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Days After Anthesis

In a two-year field study, we quantified the impact of post-flowering soil waterlogging on carbon assimilation and grain yield formation in wheat crops. At anthesis, wheat cultivars YangMai 18 (YM18) and YanNong 19 (YN19) were waterlogged for different durations i.e., 0 (W0), 3 (W3), 6 (W6) and 9 (W9) days using artificial structures. Changes in leaf physiology, carbon assimilation and biomass production were quantified at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days after anthesis under all treatments. Short-term (W3) waterlogging had no significant effect on wheat crops but W6 and W9 significantly reduced the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), leaf SPAD value, and grain weight of the tested cultivars. Increasing waterlogging duration significantly increased dry matter accumulation in the spike- axis + glumes but reduced dry matter accumulation in grain. Further, the tested cultivars responded significantly variably to W6 and W9. Averaged across two years, YM 18 performed relatively superior to YN19 in response to long-term waterlogging. For example, at 14 days after anthesis, W9 plants of YM18 and YN19 experienced a 17.4% and 23.2% reduction in SPAD and 25.3% and 30.8% reduction in Pn, respectively, compared with their W0 plants. Consequently, YM18 suffered a relatively smaller grain yield loss (i.e., 16.0%) than YN19 (23.4%) under W9. Our study suggests that wheat cultivar YM18 could protect grain development from waterlogging injury by sustaining assimilates supplies to grain under waterlogged environments.

scholarly journals Effects of interaction of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on growth, yield and yield components of soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1010
Author(s):  
Liu Ming ◽  
Bi Ying-Dong ◽  
Li Wei ◽  
Liu Miao ◽  
Wang Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cylindrical Tube ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

Effects of the interaction of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth, yield and yield components of soybean were studied in cylindrical tube cultivation. The results showed that proper application of biochar promoted dry matter accumulation and LAI regulation of individual plant, and the regulating effect was greater in the later stage of growth than in the early stage. The dry matter weight per plant and LAI were the highest in C1 treatment with different amount of biochar application. However, with the further increase of the amount of carbon application, the dry matter weight per plant and LAI decreased gradually. The plant height of soybean was reduced by the application of biochar. 750 kg/hm2 of biochar and 42 kg/hm2 of nitrogen were found to be the best combinations for high yield of soybean and the theoretical yield was found to be 3546.9 kg/hm2. The combination of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer affects yield mainly by regulating the number of seed per plant.

Yield formation in Nicaraguan landraces of common bean compared to bred cultivars

2005 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. J. GÓMEZ ◽  
B. E. FRANKOW-LINDBERG
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Final Harvest ◽  
Plant Components

Dry matter accumulation and its partitioning to different plant components were studied in six common bean populations (two bred cultivars and four landraces) with different yield potentials. The hypothesis that yield was correlated with leaf area or mass and also with leaf area duration was tested. Leaf area and total above-ground dry matter were sampled weekly between 13 and 62 days after planting (DAP). Yield, yield components and seed yield rate were measured at the final harvest. No differences in total above-ground dry matter were observed among populations up to 62 DAP. Bred cultivars had significantly larger leaf areas than the landraces at the last harvest. Landraces initially partitioned more dry matter to reproductive organs but this was not reflected in higher yields. Temporary differences in growth rate and rate of pod formation were observed among the populations. Landraces, with one exception, tended to grow faster at early stages, and they also reached their maximum number of pods per plant earlier than the bred cultivars. Bred cultivars yielded more than all but one of the landraces. In general, yield was positively correlated with the total number of pods per plant, which in turn was well correlated with leaf area and mass. It was concluded that an increase in leaf area duration and a balanced development of reproductive organs v. other plant components are important traits in conferring improvement in yield of common bean.

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