Dry Matter Accumulation and Nutrient Uptake by Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Poplar (Populus deltoides) Based Agroforestry System

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) being grown with association of boundary plantations of poplar (Populus deltoides M.) has to face competition for water and nutrients uptake. Field experiment was carried to study the dry matter accumulation pattern and nutrients uptake by wheat grown in association with boundary plantations of three- and four-year-old poplar plants under irrigated condition. Dry matter accumulation of wheat declined considerably due to presence of poplar tree line during all the growth stages as compared to pure crop. Maximum reduction in dry matter accumulation in wheat was observed near the tree line (0–3 m) under both three- as well as four-year-old plantation (21.1 and 17.8 per cent under three- and four-year-old trees, resp.) which tapered off beyond that, but synergetic effect caused by existence of trees increased dry matter significantly between 3–6 m distance and 6–9 m distance under both three- as well as four-year-old plantation. Similarly, minimum concentration of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) as well as their uptake in wheat plants was observed near the tree line (0–3 m) and increased subsequently with increase in distance from tree line.

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Source sink relationship, dry matter and starch partitioning in developing ginger rhizomes during different growth stages

Journal of Plantation Crops ◽

10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i1.7056 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 14-19

Author(s):

K.S. Krishnamurthy ◽

K. Kandiannan

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Starch Accumulation ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Gas Exchange Parameters ◽

Active Biomass ◽

Accumulation Pattern ◽

Source Sink

Source sink relationship, dry matter and starch partitioning, rhizome bulking process in relation to dry matter and starch partitioning in developing rhizomes and growth and gas exchange parameters were studied in three popular varieties of ginger viz., IISR Varada, IISR Mahima and IISR Rejatha. Results revealed that maximum tiller production and leaf area accumulation occurred between 60 and 120 days after planting (DAP) in all three varieties. Photosynthetic rate and hormone contents (auxin and cytokinin) increased from 90-120 DAP, peaked at 120 DAP and then started declining. Biomass partitioning data revealed that the active biomass accumulation stage was between 60 and 150 DAP in ginger. The dry matter accumulation pattern in rhizomes also revealed that maximum dry matter accumulation in rhizomes also occurred between 60 and 150 DAP in all the three varieties. Maximum starch accumulation in the rhizomes also occurred during the same period. These results suggest that most of the rhizome bulking process occurred between 60 and150 DAP in ginger. Total biomass accumulation, dry matter accumulation and starch accumulation in rhizomes followed similar trends.

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Integrated Application of Ethrel and Microbial Consortia: Effect on Dry Matter Accumulation, Its Partitioning, and Nutrients Uptake in Late-planted Sugarcane Under Subtropical Indian Condition

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation ◽

10.1007/s00344-020-10292-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

S. K. Shukla ◽

V. P. Jaiswal ◽

Lalan Sharma ◽

S. K. Yadav ◽

S. K. Awasthi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Microbial Consortia ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Nutrients Uptake ◽

Late Planted Sugarcane

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EFFECTS OF INCREMENTAL N FERTILIZATION ON GRAIN YIELD AND DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF SIX SPRING WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVARS IN SOUTHERN MANITOBA

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps90-006 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 51-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. T. GEHL ◽

L. D. BAILEY ◽

C. A. GRANT ◽

J. M. SADLER

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Root Zone ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Yield Response ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation

A 3-yr study was conducted on three Orthic Black Chernozemic soils to determine the effects of incremental N fertilization on grain yield and dry matter accumulation and distribution of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Urea (46–0–0) was sidebanded at seeding in 40 kg N ha−1 increments from 0 to 240 kg ha−1 in the first year and from 0 to 200 kg ha−1 in the 2 subsequent years. Nitrogen fertilization increased the grain and straw yields of all cultivars in each experiment. The predominant factor affecting the N response and harvest index of each cultivar was available moisture. At two of the three sites, 91% of the interexperiment variability in mean maximum grain yield was explained by variation in root zone moisture at seeding. Mean maximum total dry matter varied by less than 12% among cultivars, but mean maximum grain yield varied by more than 30%. Three semidwarf cultivars, HY 320, Marshall and Solar, had consistently higher grain yield and grain yield response to N than Glenlea and Katepwa, two standard height cultivars, and Len, a semidwarf. The mean maximum grain yield of HY 320 was the highest of the cultivars on test and those of Katepwa and Len the lowest. Len produced the least straw and total dry matter. The level of N fertilization at maximum grain yield varied among cultivars, sites and years. Marshall and Solar required the highest and Len the lowest N rates to achieve maximum grain yield. The year-to-year variation in rates of N fertilization needed to produce maximum grain yield on a specific soil type revealed the limitations of N fertility recommendations based on "average" amounts and temporal distribution of available moisture.Key words: Wheat (spring), N response, standard height, semidwarf, grain yield

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Seasonal Partitioning of Leaf and Fruit Potassium and Fruit Dry Matter in French Prune Trees at Various Potassium Levels

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.116.6.981 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 116 (6) ◽

pp. 981-986 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

F.J.A. Niederholzer ◽

R.M. Carlson ◽

K. Uriu ◽

N.H. Willits ◽

J.P. Pearson

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fruit Growth ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Accumulation Rates ◽

Mature Trees ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Weight Yield ◽

High K

A study was undertaken to determine the seasonal dynamics of leaf and fruit K content and the influence of tree K status and fruit growth on leaf and fruit K accumulation rates in French prune (Prunus domestics L. cv. d'Agen). Mature trees in a commercial orchard were treated with various rates of K2 SO4. (O to ≈20 kg/tree) in the fall. Fruit dry weight yield per tree at harvest and fruit K content were higher for high-K trees, but fruit percent K (by dry weight) was ≈1.0% for all trees. Leaf scorch and subsequent abscission severely reduced the canopy of K-deficient trees. Significant positive linear relationships between leaf and fruit K accumulation rates existed for the periods of 28 Apr.-28 May (May) and 28 May-7 July (June). A significant negative linear relationship existed between these two criteria from 7 July-3 Aug. (July). May (0.237 mg K per fruit-day) and July (0.267 mg K per fruit-day) mean fruit K accumulation rates were similar, but both were significantly higher (P = 0.001) than those for June (0.140 mg K per fruit-day). Mean leaf K accumulation rates for May (- 0.007 mg K per leaf-day) and July (-0.010 mg K per leaf-day) were similar, but both were significantly (P = 0.001) less than for June (0.005 mg K per leaf-day). Potassium per fruit accumulation was highest in trees with highest K status. Periods of net leaf K efflux and influx did not precisely correlate with fruit growth stages measured by fruit dry weight. The period of lowest fruit K accumulation (28 May-7 July) coincided with the period of maximum dry matter accumulation by the kernel. After 7 July, all increases in fruit dry weight and K content were due to mesocarp growth.

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Organic Minerals Suitability Assessment on the Biochemical Characters of Common Wheat, Triticum aestivum L.under Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1009.009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 79-84

Author(s):

Bhupesh Kumar Mishra Santosh Pandey ◽

Arvind Kumar Ramesh Kumar

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Protein Content ◽

Common Wheat ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Dry Land ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Organic Minerals

An experiment has been conducted to assess the real time utility and abundance of organic minerals in cultivation of common wheat, Triticum aestivum L. in Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh with the aim of finding the effect of available soil organic minerals on various biochemicals or chemical characters including yield attributes. For the experiment, the cultivar namely RAJ-4037 which is best for dry land area and crop matures in 120 days. This variety is suitable for bakery and beverage industry, has been taken. The pre availability of manures were measured and the application of various fertilizers have been done as per the recommended dose for the cultivation. The data of various biochemical characters like Dry matter accumulation, Protein content, NPK in grain, NPK in straw, yield and biological yields have been recorded as per standard methods. The results revealed that organic minerals had a significant impact to influence the various biochemical traits such as dry matter accumulation maximum in FYM, Protein content (11.18), NPK (0.60; 0.35 and 0.36) were recorded maximum in vermin compost treatment.

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Physiological and developmental traits associated with the grain yield of winter wheat as affected by phosphorus fertilizer management

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-53000-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Xiu-Xiu Chen ◽

Wei Zhang ◽

Xiao-Yuan Liang ◽

Yu-Min Liu ◽

Shi-Jie Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Photosynthetic Capacity ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Photosynthetic Parameters ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Grain Yields ◽

P Concentration ◽

Spike Number

Abstract Although researchers have determined that attaining high grain yields of winter wheat depends on the spike number and the shoot biomass, a quantitative understanding of how phosphorus (P) nutrition affects spike formation, leaf expansion and photosynthesis is still lacking. A 3-year field experiment with wheat with six P application rates (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg P ha−1) was conducted to investigate this issue. Stem development and mortality, photosynthetic parameters, dry matter accumulation, and P concentration in whole shoots and in single tillers were studied at key growth stages for this purpose. The results indicated that spike number contributed the most to grain yield of all the yield components in a high-yielding (>8 t/ha) winter wheat system. The main stem (MS) contributed 79% to the spike number and tiller 1 (T1) contributed 21%. The 2.7 g kg−1 tiller P concentration associated with 15 mg kg−1 soil Olsen-P at anthesis stage led to the maximal rate of productive T1s (64%). The critical shoot P concentration that resulted in an adequate product of Pn and LAI was identified as 2.1 g kg−1. The thresholds of shoot P concentration that led to the maximum productive ability of T1 and optimal canopy photosynthetic capacity at anthesis were very similar. In conclusion, the thresholds of soil available P and shoot P concentration in whole plants and in single organs (individual tillers) were established for optimal spike formation, canopy photosynthetic capacity, and dry matter accumulation. These thresholds could be useful in achieving high grain yields while avoiding excessive P fertilization.

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Post-Anthesis Photosynthetic Properties Provide Insights into Yield Potential of Tartary Buckwheat Cultivars

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9030149 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 149 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dabing Xiang ◽

Chengrui Ma ◽

Yue Song ◽

Qi Wu ◽

Xiaoyong Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Photosynthetic Capacity ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Tartary Buckwheat ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Photosynthetic Parameters ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽

The Difference

Photosynthesis is the basis for plant productivity, and improvement of photosynthetic efficiency is an important way to improve crop yield. However, the relationship between photosynthetic parameters and the yield of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) under rainfed conditions is unclear. A two-year field trial was conducted during 2016 and 2017 to assess the photosynthetic capacity of different leaves, dry matter accumulation, and yield of four Tartary buckwheat cultivars from flowering to maturity. The leaves of all cultivars aged gradually after flowering, and the leaf chlorophyll (Chl) and soluble protein (SP) contents, net photosynthetic rates (Pn), transpiration rates (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs) tended to decline. The Chl, SP, Pn, Tr, and Gs of cultivars (cvs.) XiQiao2 and QianKu3 were significantly higher than those of LiuKu3 and JiuJiang at each sampling time from 18 days after anthesis to maturity, but the intercellular CO2 content (Ci) showed the opposite trend. Cultivars XiQiao2 and QianKu3 produced more total dry matter (mean 17.1% higher), had higher harvest index (HI, mean 16.4% higher), and yield (mean 29.0% higher) than cvs. LiuKu3 and JiuJiang at maturity, and the difference was remarkably consistent. The yield of all the cultivars was positively correlated with leaf Chl, SP, Pn, Tr, and Gs, but negatively correlated with Ci. At late growth stages, the high-yielding cultivars maintained higher Chl, SP contents, Pn, Tr, and Gs, and showed higher dry matter accumulation and lower Ci than the low-yielding cultivars, consistent with their higher leaf photosynthetic capacity. The important factors determining the yield of Tartary buckwheat were maintaining higher leaf Chl and SP content and photosynthetic capacity and delaying aging during the grain formation stage. Enhanced rates of photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation led to higher post-anthesis accumulation of biomass with a positive impact on grain number and higher yield.

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Influence of seed rates and levels of NPK fertilizers on dry matter accumulations and yield performance of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.)

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v38i4.19661 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 689-704

Author(s):

MS Hasan ◽

MH Rashid ◽

QA Rahman ◽

MH Al-Mamun

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Foxtail Millet ◽

Setaria Italica ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Treatment Combination ◽

Npk Fertilizers ◽

Accumulation Pattern ◽

Flood Plains

A study was carried out in the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Old Brahmaputra Flood Plains Soil (AEZ-9) during December 2001 to April 2002 to find out the effect of seed rates and NPK levels on dry matter accumulation and grain yield of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.). Four seed rates viz., 8,10,12, and 14 kg/ha and five levels of NPK fertilizers viz., N0P0K0, N10P8K5, N20P16K10, N30P24K15, and N40P32K20 were included in a split plot design with three replications. Dry matter accumulation pattern was determined by harvesting 10 plants randomly at 30, 60, 80, and 102 DAS (days after swing). The yield and yield contributing characters of foxtail millet were influenced by seed rates and NPK levels except tillers per plant and 1000-grain weight significantly. Generally its production rate was 0.86 t/ha when it was grown in char lands in sandy loam soils, the highest grain yield (1.62 t/ha) was produced by 10 kg seeds/ha, which was identical with 12 kg seeds/ha. In case of NPK levels, the treatment was N30P24K10. In case of interaction, the treatment combination 12 kg seeds/ha and N30P24K15 produced the highest grain yield (1.77 t/ha. In case of interaction, the treatment combination 12 kg seeds/ha and N,sub>30P24K15/ha gave the highest grain yield. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i4.19661 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(4): 689-704, December 2013

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Growth and Photosynthetic Activity of Selected Spelt Varieties (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.) Cultivated under Drought Conditions with Different Endophytic Core Microbiomes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21217987 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (21) ◽

pp. 7987

Author(s):

Karolina Ratajczak ◽

Hanna Sulewska ◽

Lidia Błaszczyk ◽

Aneta Basińska-Barczak ◽

Katarzyna Mikołajczak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Common Wheat ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Photosynthetic Activity ◽

Wheat Variety ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Core Microbiome ◽

Drought Conditions

The role of the microbiome in the root zone is critically important for plants. However, the mechanism by which plants can adapt to environmental constraints, especially water deficit, has not been fully investigated to date, while the endophytic core microbiome of the roots of spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.) grown under drought conditions has received little attention. In this study, we hypothesize that differences in the endophytic core of spelt and common wheat root microbiomes can explain the variations in the growth and photosynthetic activity of those plants, especially under drought conditions. Our greenhouse experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 × 4 × 3 factorial scheme: two water regime levels (well-watered and drought), three spelt varieties (T. aestivum ssp. spelta L.: ‘Badenstern’, ‘Badenkrone’ and ‘Zollernspelz’ and one wheat variety: T. aestivum ssp. vulgare L: ‘Dakotana’) and three mycorrhizal levels (autoclaved soil inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis, control (autoclaved soil) and natural inoculation (non-autoclaved soil—microorganisms from the field). During the imposed stress period, relative water content (RWC), leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange and water use efficiency (WUE) were measured. Microscopic observations of the root surface through fungi isolation and identification were conducted. Our results indicate that ‘Badenstern’ was the most drought tolerant variety, followed by ‘Zollernspelz’ and ‘Badenkrone,’ while the common wheat variety ‘Dakotana’ was the most drought sensitive. Inoculation of ‘Badenstern’ with the mycorrhizal fungi R. irregularis contributed to better growth performance as evidenced by increased whole plant and stalk dry matter accumulation, as well as greater root length and volume. Inoculation of ‘Zollernspelz’ with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhanced the photochemical efficiency of Photosystem II and significantly improved root growth under drought conditions, which was confirmed by enhanced aboveground biomass, root dry weight and length. This study provides evidence that AMF have the potential to be beneficial for plant growth and dry matter accumulation in spelt varieties grown under drought conditions.

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