Crop Rotation Compared with Continuous Rye Cropping for Weed Biodiversity and Rye Yield. A Case Study of a Long-Term Experiment in Poland

In recent years, sustainable agriculture has revitalized interest in crop rotations and their effects on crop performance and agroecosystem biodiversity, including weeds. This article used winter rye as an example and focused on the crop rotation (CR) impact on species, taxonomic and functional diversity of weed communities and analysed the contribution of crop rotation to protecting yield and regulating weed abundance. Long-term continuous rye cropping (CC) provided a background for comparison. Two variants of plant protection were also adopted: herbicide application (H+) and no plant protection (H−). The data from the 10th, 30th and 50th years of the experiment were included in the analysis. Diversified crop rotation with no chemical protection resulted in a satisfactory rye yield and reduced weed abundance—especially problem species—without a decrease in weed species diversity or functional diversity. When rye was grown under crop rotation, the herbicide application had no effect on yield protection, but it was harmful to weed biodiversity. The rye yield correlated negatively with weed biomass, but did not show a link with weed biodiversity. Continuation of long-term experiments as a research basis for contemporary and future scientific challenges is necessary.

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The effects of calcareous sapropel application on the changes of Haplic Luvisols chemical properties and crop yield

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/3629-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 539-544 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. Bakšienė ◽

V. Janušienė

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Soil Acidity ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Exchangeable Bases ◽

Mobile Phosphorus ◽

Term Experiment ◽

Long Term Experiment

The possibilities to use sapropel for fertilisation have been investigated at the Voke Branch of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture since 1984. The experiments were carried out on sandy loam Haplic Luvisols in the crop rotation (maize, barley, clover, winter rye, potatoes, oats) with the application of 50, 100, 150, 200 t/ha rates of dry calcareous sapropel and 30 t/ha of dry manure on the background of mineral fertilisers. Sapropel was applied only to the first crop (maize) in the rotation (in 1984). Manure was applied to the first crop in each crop rotation (in 1984, 1990 and 1996). Summarised results of a long-term experiment showed that by the end of the second (after 12 years) and third (after 18 years) rotation the effect of sapropel on soil chemical properties was positive. Calcareous sapropel reduced soil acidity, increased the amount of exchangeable bases (Ca + Mg). Under the influence of sapropel the contents of organic carbon and total nitrogen increased as well. The amount of mobile phosphorus increased, and mobile potassium decreased. Sapropel improved the composition of humus (C<sub>HA</sub>:C<sub>FA</sub> = 0.74–0.77; in control = 0.71). The results of investigations have shown that after 18 years of application the higher rates (150, 200 t/ha) of dry sapropel increased the productivity of crops. The highest rate of sapropel (200 t/ha) was almost of the same effectiveness as manure applied in every rotation.

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Long-term Tillage and Crop Rotation Effect on Yield and Soil Carbon

10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1206 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Mahdi Al-Kaisi

Keyword(s):

Soil Carbon ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Rotation Effect ◽

Effect On Yield

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THE BUCKWHEAT ROLE IN CROP ROTATION AND WEED CONTROL IN THIS SOWINGS IN LONG TERM TRIAL

Environment Technology Resources Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference ◽

10.17770/etr2009vol1.1102 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 141

Author(s):

Andris Lejiņš ◽

Biruta Lejiņa

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Term Trial ◽

Experimental Plots ◽

Yield Decrease ◽

Research Institute

Buckwheat research has been carried out within the long-term crop rotation stationary that was established in 1969 as a part of the Research institute of Agriculture. Buckwheat proportion within the partcular crop rotations went up to 22%. The highest buckwheat yields were obtained from the buckwheat variants that where cultivated after winter rye, and within the buckwheat monoculture experimental plots. A considerable yield decrease was observed when cultivating buckwheat after potatoes. Weeds in the buckwheat sowing were effectively brought under control by the herbicide Butisane 400 (1.5 l ha-1), applied immediately after sowing and Betanal AM 2.5 l ha-1 after seedling in 2-3 leaves stage.

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Effectiveness of various elements of grain cultivation technology

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20213607001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 07001

Author(s):

Fedor A. Popov ◽

Evgeniya N. Noskova ◽

Lyudmila M. Kozlova

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Streptomyces Hygroscopicus ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Field Crop ◽

Loamy Soil ◽

Grain Crops ◽

Cultivation Technology ◽

Three Factor

The article presents the results of a long-term stationary three-factor experiment on sod-podzolic loamy soil to identify the effectiveness of various methods of basic and pre-sowing treatment of soil, the use of biological preparations in the technology of cultivating grain crops in six-field crop rotation. It was established that the most profitable elements of the technology in energy and economic terms will be: surface-cut treatment with KPS-4 cultivator and introduction of Azotovit and Phosphatovit biologics into the tillering stage of oat in a vetch-oat mixture for green feed; surface-cut treatment with KBM-4,2 cultivator or with pre-sowing treatment with a APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of Azotovite and Phosphatovite biological preparations into the soil before sowing winter rye for grain; ploughing with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate for spring wheat; surface-cut treatment with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of biologic preparation based on strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus A4 at tillering stage of oat in pea-oat mixture for grain-hay; ploughing with KPS-4 cultivator and introduction of Pseudobacterin-2 biopreparation at barley tillering stage; ploughing with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of biologic preparation based on strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus A4 at oat tillering stage.

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Weeds and yields of spring cereals as influenced by stubble-cultivation and reduced doses of herbicides in five long-term trials

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859699007662 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 134 (3) ◽

pp. 237-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

U. BOSTRÖM ◽

M. HANSSON ◽

H. FOGELFORS

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Plant Density ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Field Trials ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Weed Species ◽

Full Dose ◽

Spring Cereals ◽

One Year

The influence of herbicides at reduced rates and repeated stubble-cultivation on weeds and crop yields was estimated in five field trials with spring-sown cereals situated in the south of Sweden during the autumn of 1989 until the spring of 1997. Stubble-cultivation was accomplished during 1989–1996, while herbicides were applied at 0, 1/8, 1/4 or 1/2 of full dose during 1990–1996.In the spring of 1997, i.e. after 7 years without herbicide application, seedling densities 3 weeks after weed emergence were 68–340/m2 at three sites and 535–610/m2 at two sites when averaged over tillage treatments.Averaged over herbicide doses, stubble-cultivation reduced the plant density of annual broad- leaved weeds by 6–32% at three sites and increased the density by 25% at one site. At the remaining site, the density was not significantly influenced. Stubble-cultivation reduced the populations of two perennial and seven annual weed species, while one species was stimulated and nine species showed null, or inconsistent, responses. In the spring of 1997, i.e. one year after the last herbicide application, the densities of weed seedlings in 1/8, 1/4 and 1/2-doses were 34, 46 and 56% lower, respectively, than in the untreated controls.Stubble-cultivation increased crop yields at four sites by 200 kg/ha as a mean over herbicide doses. At these four sites, averaged over 1993–1995, herbicides increased yields in plots that were not stubble-cultivated by 7, 8 and 10% in the 1/8, 1/4 and 1/2 of a full dose, respectively, relative to the untreated control. In 1996, herbicides increased yields at only two sites.It is concluded that a fruitful way for weed management with a low input of agrochemicals is to combine the use of herbicides at reduced rates with repeated stubble-cultivation.

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Carbon storage in a rainfed Mediterranean vertisol: Effects of tillage and crop rotation in a long-term experiment

European Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.1111/ejss.12883 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 472-483

Author(s):

Luis López-Bellido ◽

Rafael López-Bellido ◽

Purificación Fernández-García ◽

Verónica Muñoz-Romero ◽

Francisco Javier Lopez-Bellido

Keyword(s):

Carbon Storage ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Term Experiment ◽

Long Term Experiment

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Examination of extreme water-balance of maize cultivar in different crop rotation systems in 2007

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/32/3016 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 33-40

Author(s):

Lajos Fülöp Dóka

Keyword(s):

Water Balance ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Chernozem Soil ◽

Maize Cultivar ◽

Term Experiment ◽

Long Term Experiment

We examined the change of the time of water balance of soil in long-term experiment, on chernozem soil, in different croprotation systems (mono-, bi- and triculture). We found the smallest difference between the water deficit of not irrigated and irrigated plots in triculture. We concluded that irrigation impressed favourably on water balance of soil in both of crop-rotation systems. Water deficit has decreased significantly after irrigationin 25. May in mono- and triculture. Irrigation moderated only values of water deficit. Irrigation in 30. June not influenced water balance of soil in both of crop-rotation because of a big drought. Water deficit of soil lessed till harvestperiod because of rainy season at the end of August and in September.

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THE GRAIN CROP YIELD IN DIFFERENT CROP ROTATION AND EFFICIENCY OF HERBICIDES AND FUNGICIDES TREATMENT

Environment Technology Resources Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference ◽

10.17770/etr2007vol1.1729 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 125

Author(s):

Andris Lejiņš ◽

Biruta Lejiņa

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Perennial Grass ◽

Field Trials ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Rotation System ◽

Pesticide Treatment

Complex field experiments were carried out in Agricultural research institute in 1969. The field trials included five different crop rotation systems. In each 6-field rotation system the specific percentage of cereals (%) varied from 50 to 100%, perennial grass (clover+ timothy) - 16.7 to 33.3%. The highest winter rye yields were obtained from crop rotation systems with cereal proportion up to 66%. Including buckwheat in the crop rotation winter rye cultivation is highly productive in crop rotation systems with cereal proportion even up to 83%. Yield of winter rye in long-term monocultural sowings decreases even up to 0.74h-1. Winter ryetreatment with herbicide Grodil increases its yield up to 0.40 ha'1. Foreplants of barley according to their good influence on barley yield (descending): buckwheat, oats, winter lye. Barley yield in long-term monocultural sowings decreases for up to 1.17 t ha-1.Oats in crop rotation systems with cereal proportion up to 83% had very low yield amount alterations after different foreplants. Essential oat yield decreasement was noticed in perennial monocultural sowings. The best foreplants for spring wheat are buckwheat and lupine. The highest yield of buckwheat is get from monocultural sowings, but using potatoes as buckwheat foreplant gives essential yield decreasement. Distribution of perennial weeds, especially quickgrass, is 7,4 times more in crop rotation systems with high cereal proportion than in systems where also buckwheat and potatoes are cultivated. Treatment of herbicides and fungicides is more effective in monocultural sowings than in crop rotational systems, however increasement of crop yield after pesticide treatment is less remarkable than if we follow right crop rotation and choose optimal foreplants for each culture. Latest results from years 2002 to 2004 are shown in this article and are considered to be an addition to previous publications.

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