Changes in Leaf Structural and Functional Characteristics when Changing Planting Density at Different Growth Stages Alters Cotton Lint Yield under a New Planting Model

Manipulation of planting density and choice of variety are effective management components in any cropping system that aims to enhance the balance between environmental resource availability and crop requirements. One-time fertilization at first flower with a medium plant stand under late sowing has not yet been attempted. To fill this knowledge gap, changes in leaf structural (stomatal density, stomatal length, stomata width, stomatal pore perimeter, and leaf thickness), leaf gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence attributes of different cotton varieties were made in order to change the planting densities to improve lint yield under a new planting model. A two-year field evaluation was carried out on cotton varieties—V1 (Zhongmian-16) and V2 (J-4B)—to examine the effect of changing the planting density (D1, low, 3 × 104; D2, moderate, 6 × 104; and D3, dense, 9 × 104) on cotton lint yield, leaf structure, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf gas exchange attribute responses. Across these varieties, J-4B had higher lint yield compared with Zhongmian-16 in both years. Plants at high density had depressed leaf structural traits, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 uptake, quenching (qP), actual quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII), and maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) in both years. Crops at moderate density had improved leaf gas exchange traits, stomatal density, number of stomata, pore perimeter, length, and width, as well as increased qP, ΦPSII, and Fv/Fm compared with low- and high-density plants. Improvement in leaf structural and functional traits contributed to 15.9%–10.7% and 12.3%–10.5% more boll m−2, with 20.6%–13.4% and 28.9%–24.1% higher lint yield averaged across both years, respectively, under moderate planting density compared with low and high density. In conclusion, the data underscore the importance of proper agronomic methods for cotton production, and that J-4B and Zhongmian-16 varieties, grown under moderate and lower densities, could be a promising option based on improved lint yield in subtropical regions.

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Plant Population and Plant Height Effects on Pima Cotton Lint Yield 1

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj1986.00021962007800030030x ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 534-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

D. L. Kittock ◽

R. A. Selley ◽

C. J. Cain ◽

B. B. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Plant Population ◽

Lint Yield ◽

Cotton Lint ◽

Pima Cotton ◽

Cotton Lint Yield

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Leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, non-structural carbohydrate content and growth responses of Distylium chinense during complete submergence and subaerial re-emergence

Aquatic Botany ◽

10.1016/j.aquabot.2015.04.003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 124 ◽

pp. 70-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Zebin Liu ◽

Ruimei Cheng ◽

Wenfa Xiao ◽

Quanshui Guo ◽

Yanhui Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Carbohydrate Content ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Structural Carbohydrate

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Variations in leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and membrane potential of Medicago sativa root cortex cells exposed to increased salinity: The role of the antioxidant potential in salt tolerance

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs171019001f ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 413-423 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohamed Farissi ◽

Mohammed Mouradi ◽

Omar Farssi ◽

Abdelaziz Bouizgaren ◽

Cherki Ghoulam

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Membrane Potential ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Medicago Sativa ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Root Cortex ◽

Root Cortex Cells

Salinity is one of the most serious agricultural problems that adversely affects growth and productivity of pasture crops such as alfalfa. In this study, the effects of salinity on some ecophysiological and biochemical criteria associated with salt tolerance were assessed in two Moroccan alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) populations, Taf 1 and Tata. The experiment was conducted in a hydro-aeroponic system containing nutrient solutions, with the addition of NaCl at concentrations of 100 and 200 mM. The salt stress was applied for a month. Several traits in relation to salt tolerance, such as plant dry biomass, relative water content, leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, nutrient uptake, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes, were analyzed at the end of the experiment. The membrane potential was measured in root cortex cells of plants grown with or without NaCl treatment during a week. The results indicated that under salt stress, plant growth and all of the studied physiological and biochemical traits were significantly decreased, except for malondialdehyde and H2O2 contents, which were found to be increased under salt stress. Depolarization of membrane root cortex cells with the increase in external NaCl concentration was noted, irrespective of the growth conditions. The Tata population was more tolerant to high salinity (200 mM NaCl) and its tolerance was associated with the ability of plants to maintain adequate levels of the studied parameters and their ability to overcome oxidative stress by the induction of antioxidant enzymes, such as guaiacol peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase.

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Moisture Deficit Effects on Cotton Lint Yield, Yield Components, and Boll Distribution

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj2004.0377 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

pp. 377 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

W. T. Pettigrew

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Lint Yield ◽

Cotton Lint ◽

Moisture Deficit ◽

Cotton Lint Yield

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Competition of noogoora burr (Xanthium occidentale) and fierce thornapple (Datura ferox) with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500090871 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 442-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Graham W. Charles ◽

Robert D. Murison ◽

Steven Harden

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Lint Yield ◽

Spline Regression ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Cotton Lint ◽

Regression Curves ◽

Economic Thresholds ◽

Cotton Lint Yield ◽

Area Of Influence ◽

Average Size

Competitiveness of noogoora burr and fierce thornapple in irrigated cotton was assessed using area-of-influence methodology. Lint yields were regressed against distances from the weeds using spline regression. The resulting regression curves were used to estimate areas of influence and yield losses, which were further modeled as functions of weed size to understand weed competitiveness. Cotton lint yield reductions averaged 36 and 12%, with maximum distances of influence of 1.71 and 1.65 m for noogoora burr and fierce thornapple, respectively. Economic thresholds for control using hand hoeing were related to weed size. Thresholds for average-size weeds were one cocklebur in 195 m and one fierce thornapple in 73 m of cotton row.

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Cotton lint yield accumulation rate and quality development

Field Crops Research ◽

10.1016/0378-4290(85)90027-9 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 205-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

D.F. Wanjura ◽

G.L. Barker

Keyword(s):

Accumulation Rate ◽

Lint Yield ◽

Quality Development ◽

Cotton Lint ◽

Cotton Lint Yield

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Sowing Density Effects in Cotton Yields and Its Components

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9070349 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 349

Author(s):

Manuel Guzman ◽

Luis Vilain ◽

Tatiana Rondon ◽

Juan Sanchez

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Lint Yield ◽

Cotton Lint ◽

Boll Weight ◽

Cotton Lint Yield ◽

Weight Number ◽

100 Seed Weight ◽

Number Of Seeds

Evaluation of sowing density is an important factor for achieving maximum yields without affecting other agronomic traits. Field experiments were conducted during three consecutive years (2008, 2009 and 2010) to determinate the effect of four sowing density (62,500; 83,333; 100,000 and 142,857 pl ha−1) on yields and its components of two cotton varieties, ‘Delta Pine 16′ and ‘SN-290′ in Venezuela. The traits evaluated were lint yield, boll weight, number of seeds per boll, 100-seed weight, and fiber content. Highly significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) were observed among genotypes, sowing density and their interactions for all traits. Sowing density was not affected by year factor. High lint yield was found in ‘SN-290′ (4216.2 kg ha−1) at 100,000 pl ha−1; and in ‘Delta Pine 16′ (3917.3 kg ha−1) at 83,333 pl ha−1. The highest sowing density (142,857 pl ha−1), decrease lint yield and yield components in the genotypes. The highest boll weight was obtained by ‘SN-290′ with 6.4 g in average. All sowing densities evaluated resulted in lint percentages above 40%. Cotton lint yield was positively correlated with all yield components. Our results indicate that highest lint yields could be obtained with sowing densities between 83,333 and 100,000 pl ha−1 depending upon varieties used across savannahs of Venezuela.

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Full-season Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) interference with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500091815 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 305-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Matt W. Rowland ◽

Don S. Murray ◽

Laval M. Verhalen

Keyword(s):

Linear Model ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Palmer Amaranth ◽

Lint Yield ◽

Cotton Lint ◽

Weed Biomass ◽

Weed Density ◽

Fiber Properties ◽

Fiber Fineness ◽

Cotton Lint Yield

Four field experiments were conducted in Oklahoma to measure full-season Palmer amaranth interference on cotton lint yield and fiber properties. Density of the weed ranged from 0 to 12 plants 10 m−1of row. Cotton lint yield vs. weed density fit a linear model for densities ⩽ 8 weeds row−1at Perkins and Chickasha in 1996 and at Alms in 1997. At Perkins in 1997, all densities fit a linear model. For each increase of 1 weed row−1, lint yield reductions were 62 kg ha−1(or 10.7%) and 58 kg ha−1(or 11.5%) at Perkins and at Chickasha in 1996, respectively. At Perkins and Alms in 1997, for each 1 weed row−1, lint yield was reduced 71 kg ha−1(or 5.9%) and 112 kg ha−1(or 8.7%), respectively. Lint yield vs. end-of-season weed volume fit a linear model except at Alms in 1997. For each increase of 1 m3of weed plot−1, cotton lint yield in 1996 was reduced by 1.6 and 1.5% at Perkins and Chickasha, respectively. In 1997 at Perkins and Altus (⩽ 6 weeds), each increase of 1 m3of weed plot−1reduced lint yield 1.6 and 2.3%, respectively. Lint yield vs. end-of-season weed biomass fit a linear model in all four experiments. Lint yield was reduced 5.2 to 9.3% for each increase of 1 kg of weed biomass plot−1. Fiber analyses revealed significant differences for micronaire (fiber fineness) among weed densities in two experiments, marginal significance in a third, and none in a fourth. An intermediate number of weeds often resulted in improved fiber micronaires in these environments. No other fiber properties were influenced by weed density.

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