Full-season Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) interference with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt W. Rowland ◽  
Don S. Murray ◽  
Laval M. Verhalen
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Fiber Fineness ◽  
Cotton Lint Yield

Four field experiments were conducted in Oklahoma to measure full-season Palmer amaranth interference on cotton lint yield and fiber properties. Density of the weed ranged from 0 to 12 plants 10 m−1of row. Cotton lint yield vs. weed density fit a linear model for densities ⩽ 8 weeds row−1at Perkins and Chickasha in 1996 and at Alms in 1997. At Perkins in 1997, all densities fit a linear model. For each increase of 1 weed row−1, lint yield reductions were 62 kg ha−1(or 10.7%) and 58 kg ha−1(or 11.5%) at Perkins and at Chickasha in 1996, respectively. At Perkins and Alms in 1997, for each 1 weed row−1, lint yield was reduced 71 kg ha−1(or 5.9%) and 112 kg ha−1(or 8.7%), respectively. Lint yield vs. end-of-season weed volume fit a linear model except at Alms in 1997. For each increase of 1 m3of weed plot−1, cotton lint yield in 1996 was reduced by 1.6 and 1.5% at Perkins and Chickasha, respectively. In 1997 at Perkins and Altus (⩽ 6 weeds), each increase of 1 m3of weed plot−1reduced lint yield 1.6 and 2.3%, respectively. Lint yield vs. end-of-season weed biomass fit a linear model in all four experiments. Lint yield was reduced 5.2 to 9.3% for each increase of 1 kg of weed biomass plot−1. Fiber analyses revealed significant differences for micronaire (fiber fineness) among weed densities in two experiments, marginal significance in a third, and none in a fourth. An intermediate number of weeds often resulted in improved fiber micronaires in these environments. No other fiber properties were influenced by weed density.

scholarly journals Sowing Density Effects in Cotton Yields and Its Components

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Manuel Guzman ◽  
Luis Vilain ◽  
Tatiana Rondon ◽  
Juan Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Boll Weight ◽  
Cotton Lint Yield ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Evaluation of sowing density is an important factor for achieving maximum yields without affecting other agronomic traits. Field experiments were conducted during three consecutive years (2008, 2009 and 2010) to determinate the effect of four sowing density (62,500; 83,333; 100,000 and 142,857 pl ha−1) on yields and its components of two cotton varieties, ‘Delta Pine 16′ and ‘SN-290′ in Venezuela. The traits evaluated were lint yield, boll weight, number of seeds per boll, 100-seed weight, and fiber content. Highly significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) were observed among genotypes, sowing density and their interactions for all traits. Sowing density was not affected by year factor. High lint yield was found in ‘SN-290′ (4216.2 kg ha−1) at 100,000 pl ha−1; and in ‘Delta Pine 16′ (3917.3 kg ha−1) at 83,333 pl ha−1. The highest sowing density (142,857 pl ha−1), decrease lint yield and yield components in the genotypes. The highest boll weight was obtained by ‘SN-290′ with 6.4 g in average. All sowing densities evaluated resulted in lint percentages above 40%. Cotton lint yield was positively correlated with all yield components. Our results indicate that highest lint yields could be obtained with sowing densities between 83,333 and 100,000 pl ha−1 depending upon varieties used across savannahs of Venezuela.

scholarly journals Effects of Rate and Time of Application of Poultry Litter on Hoplolaimus columbus on Cotton

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 1244-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Koenning ◽  
K. L. Edmisten ◽  
K. R. Barker ◽  
D. T. Bowman ◽  
D. E. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Cotton Lint Yield ◽  
Hoplolaimus Columbus

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of soil-incorporated poultry litter on the population dynamics of Hoplolaimus columbus and cotton lint yield. Rates of poultry litter applied varied from 0.0 to 27.0 t/ha and were applied in December, February, or March. Time of application did not influence population densities of this nematode or cotton yield. The rate of poultry litter applied was negatively related to the population density of H. columbus at midseason, but not at other sampling dates. The lower midseason levels of this nematode corresponded with increases in cotton lint yield in all experiments. Cotton yield increases generally were linear with respect to the rate of litter applied, although the highest rates of litter applied did not always result in the greatest cotton yield. Poultry litter can be used effectively to supply nutrients to the crop and suppress damaging levels of H. columbus. Optimal rates of litter application were from 6.0 to 13.4 t/ha. Application of poultry litter at these rates, however, may exceed nutrient levels required for best management practices.

Full-season interference ofIpomoea hederaceawithGossypium hirsutum

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark L. Wood ◽  
Don S. Murray ◽  
R. Brent Westerman ◽  
Laval M. Verhalen ◽  
P. L. Claypool
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Harvest Efficiency ◽  
Best Fit

Four field experiments were conducted to measure the effects of sevenIpomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq. densities onGossypium hirsutumL. lint yield, stripper-harvest efficiency, and fiber properties. The seven densities were 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeds 10 m−1of row. Data were used to develop prediction models to compare with those previously constructed that used fewer experiments and fewer weed densities in this range.Gossypium hirsutumlint yield in kilograms per hectare and as a percentage of the weed-free control best fit a linear regression model.Gossypium hirsutumlint yield reductions for each increase of one weed 10 m−1of row ranged from 30.7 to 36.2 kg ha−1at Chickasha and from 35.4 to 36.4 kg ha−1at Perkins. Lint yield reductions for each weed 10 m−1of row ranged from 3.8 to 6.9% at Chickasha and from 3.9 to 6.0% at Perkins. All plots could be mechanically stripper harvested, except for the 12-weed density at Chickasha in 1994 and the 10- and 12-weed densities at Perkins in 1996. Harvest efficiencies were not significantly different in any experiment. The only fiber properties to display significant differences were micronaire and strength at Chickasha in 1994. Prediction models calculated herein were highly similar to those previously constructed.

Interference from Established Stands of Silverleaf Nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Lint Yield

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda S. Smith ◽  
John A. Pawlak ◽  
Don S. Murray ◽  
Laval M. Verhalen ◽  
J. D. Green
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Silverleaf Nightshade ◽  
Cotton Lint Yield ◽  
Solanum Elaeagnifolium ◽  
Growing Conditions

Field experiments were conducted in 1985 and 1986 under eight environments to evaluate the population dynamics of a range of silverleaf nightshade densities and to measure the effects of those populations on cotton lint yield. Dry weed weights of silverleaf nightshade stands were influenced by growing conditions among years, but were positively related to initial densities as long as 2 yr after establishment. Stem numbers increased as initial densities and stand age increased. A negative linear relationship existed between cotton lint yield and weed biomass and between cotton lint yield and stem number from both 1- and 2-yr-old weed stands. For each 1 kg/10 m of row increase in dry weed weight from 1- and 2-yr-old stands, a 9 and 21% lint yield loss/ha was predicted, respectively. For each stem/10 m of row, a 0.35 and 0.31% yield loss was predicted, respectively. Late-planted cotton was less vulnerable to yield reductions by silverleaf nightshade; however, its yield potential was also less.

Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Interference with Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda S. Smith ◽  
Don S. Murray ◽  
David L. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Cotton Lint Yield ◽  
The Relationship

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the critical period for velvetleaf interference with cotton and to assess the reliability of using weed growth variables as predictors of cotton lint yield losses. An inverse linear relationship existed between velvetleaf dry weight and cotton lint yield. The relationship between the number of velvetleaf main-stem nodes or velvetleaf height with cotton lint yield was best described by quadratic regression equations. Weed dry weight appeared to be the most accurate predictor followed by weed height and by number of velvetleaf main-stem nodes. A nonlinear equation best described percent lint yield loss as a function of critical-period interference intervals.

Plant Population and Plant Height Effects on Pima Cotton Lint Yield 1

1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Kittock ◽  
R. A. Selley ◽  
C. J. Cain ◽  
B. B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Pima Cotton ◽  
Cotton Lint Yield

The critical weed-free period in glyphosate-resistant soybean in Ontario is similar to previous estimates using glyphosate-susceptible soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-443
Author(s):  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Robert E. Nurse ◽  
Amit J. Jhala ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Minimal Reduction

A study consisting of 13 field experiments was conducted during 2014–2016 in southwestern Ontario and southcentral Nebraska (Clay Center) to determine the effect of late-emerging weeds on the yield of glyphosate-resistant soybean. Soybean was maintained weed-free with glyphosate (900 g ae ha−1) up to the VC (cotyledon), V1 (first trifoliate), V2 (second trifoliate), V3 (third trifoliate), V4 (fourth trifoliate), and R1 (beginning of flowering) growth stages, after which weeds were allowed to naturally infest the soybean plots. The total weed density was reduced to 24%, 63%, 67%, 72%, 76%, and 92% in Environment 1 (Exeter, Harrow, and Ridgetown) when soybean was maintained weed-free up to the VC, V1, V2, V3, V4, and R1 soybean growth stages, respectively. The total weed biomass was reduced by 33%, 82%, 95%, 97%, 97%, and 100% in Environment 1 (Exeter, Harrow, and Ridgetown) and 28%, 100%, 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100% in Environment 2 (Clay Center) when soybean was maintained weed-free up to the VC, V1, V2, V3, V4, and R1 stages, respectively. The critical weed-free periods for a 2.5%, 5%, and 10% yield loss in soybean were the V1–V2, VC–V1, and VC–V1 soybean stages in Environment 1 (Exeter, Harrow, and Ridgetown) and V2–V3, V2–V3, and V1–V2 soybean stages in Environment 2 (Clay Center), respectively. For the weed species evaluated, there was a minimal reduction in weed biomass (5% or less) when soybean was maintained weed-free beyond the V3 soybean growth stage. These results shows that soybean must be maintained weed-free up to the V3 growth stage to minimize yield loss due to weed interference.

Competition of noogoora burr (Xanthium occidentale) and fierce thornapple (Datura ferox) with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham W. Charles ◽  
Robert D. Murison ◽  
Steven Harden
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Spline Regression ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Regression Curves ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Cotton Lint Yield ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
Average Size

Competitiveness of noogoora burr and fierce thornapple in irrigated cotton was assessed using area-of-influence methodology. Lint yields were regressed against distances from the weeds using spline regression. The resulting regression curves were used to estimate areas of influence and yield losses, which were further modeled as functions of weed size to understand weed competitiveness. Cotton lint yield reductions averaged 36 and 12%, with maximum distances of influence of 1.71 and 1.65 m for noogoora burr and fierce thornapple, respectively. Economic thresholds for control using hand hoeing were related to weed size. Thresholds for average-size weeds were one cocklebur in 195 m and one fierce thornapple in 73 m of cotton row.

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