scholarly journals Evaluation of the Safety and Feasibility of Apheresis in Dogs: For Application in Metastatic Cancer Research

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2770
Author(s):  
Haru Yamamoto ◽  
Mohamed Elbadawy ◽  
Koudai Fujisaka ◽  
Yomogi Sato ◽  
Takahiro Ohmori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Mcf7 Cells ◽  
Hemodynamic Stability ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
And Function

In patients with solid tumors, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) spread in their blood and function as a seed for metastases. However, the study of CTCs has been limited by their rarity, low frequency, and heterogeneity. The efficient collection of CTCs will contribute to further research of metastatic cancers. Apheresis is a process in which the whole blood of an individual is passed through a machine that isolates a particular constituent and returns the remainder to the circulation. In the present study, we investigated the safety and feasibility of apheresis to separate peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs), whose density is closely similar to that of CTCs, and to capture intravenously administered human breast cancer cells, MCF7s, from the dogs. No life-threatening events were observed in dogs during the apheresis process. The changes in the hemogram were transient and recovered gradually within a few days after apheresis. During apheresis, 50 mL of PBMCs could be collected from each dog. Notably, a thrombus was formed along the circuit wall during apheresis, which decreased the blood collection pressure. MCF7 cells were successfully captured by the apheresis machine. The captured cells were regrown in vitro and characterized compared with the original cells. In conclusion, apheresis could be safely performed in dogs to isolate CTCs with precautions to maintain hemodynamic stability.

scholarly journals Platelet Phenotyping and Function Testing in Thrombocytopenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1114
Author(s):  
Kerstin Jurk ◽  
Yavar Shiravand
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Skilled Personnel ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
And Function ◽  
Function Testing

Patients who suffer from inherited or acquired thrombocytopenia can be also affected by platelet function defects, which potentially increase the risk of severe and life-threatening bleeding complications. A plethora of tests and assays for platelet phenotyping and function analysis are available, which are, in part, feasible in clinical practice due to adequate point-of-care qualities. However, most of them are time-consuming, require experienced and skilled personnel for platelet handling and processing, and are therefore well-established only in specialized laboratories. This review summarizes major indications, methods/assays for platelet phenotyping, and in vitro function testing in blood samples with reduced platelet count in relation to their clinical practicability. In addition, the diagnostic significance, difficulties, and challenges of selected tests to evaluate the hemostatic capacity and specific defects of platelets with reduced number are addressed.

Is the Success of Cefazolin plus Ertapenem in Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Based on Release of Interleukin 1-beta?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Smelter ◽  
Mary Hayney ◽  
George Sakoulas ◽  
Warren Rose
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Interleukin 1 Beta ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Salvage Regimen ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia

Cefazolin and ertapenem has been shown to be an effective salvage regimen for refractory methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Our findings suggest cefazolin plus ertapenem in vitro stimulates interleukin-1β release from peripheral blood monocytes both with and without S. aureus presence. This IL-1β augmentation was primarily driven by ertapenem. These findings support further exploration of cefazolin plus ertapenem in MSSA bacteremia and may partially explain its marked potency in vivo despite modest synergy in vitro .

scholarly journals Cancer-Associated Cachexia: A Systemic Consequence of Cancer Progression

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 391-411
Author(s):  
Anup K. Biswas ◽  
Swarnali Acharyya
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Invasive Growth ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
And Function ◽  
Related Mortality

Cancer is a life-threatening disease that has plagued humans for centuries. The vast majority of cancer-related mortality results from metastasis. Indeed, the invasive growth of metastatic cancer cells in vital organs causes fatal organ dysfunction, but metastasis-related deaths also result from cachexia, a debilitating wasting syndrome characterized by an involuntary loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. In fact, about 80% of metastatic cancer patients suffer from cachexia, which often renders them too weak to tolerate standard doses of anticancer therapies and makes them susceptible to death from cardiac and respiratory failure. The goals of this review are to highlight important findings that help explain how cancer-induced systemic changes drive the development of cachexia and to discuss unmet challenges and potential therapeutic strategies targeting cachexia to improve the quality of life and survival of cancer patients.

DIETARY LIPIDS, INFECTION AND MACROPHAGE PROCOAGULANT ACTIVITY

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C E van Dam-Mieras ◽  
A D Muller ◽  
G Hornstra
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Procoagulant Activity ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes

It is generally accepted that the type of dietary fat influences arterial thrombosis and atherosclerosis. Although it is still largely unknown how the dietary lipid composition influences the process of atherogenesis, it is evident that several cell types are involved. Morphological evidence for the involvement of monocyte/macropages has been given.We described before that the dietary lipid composition has striking effects on the procoagulant activity of macrophages. When macrophages were isolated from the spleens of healthy rats the procoagulant activity slightly decreased during the first few hours after isolation, and reached a plateau value after 4 hours. When, however, macrophages were obtained from animals infected with a pneumona virus (PVM) different results were obtained:Experiments carried out with peripheral blood monocytes showed close resemblance to those described in the table.These results show that:- moncytes/macrophages isolated from PVM-infected animals increase their procoagulant activity during in vitro culture- the differences in macrophage procoagulant activity found in cells obtained from healthy animals fed diets containing different lipids no longer were found in PVM-infected animalsThis would implicate that the infection process has a more profound influence on macrophage procoagulant activity that the composition of the diet

nef-deleted HIV-1 inhibits phagocytosis by monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro but not by peripheral blood monocytes in vivo

AIDS ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 945-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Kedzierska ◽  
Johnson Mak ◽  
Anthony Jaworowski ◽  
Alison Greenway ◽  
Antoniette Violo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Hiv 1
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