scholarly journals Uterine Involution and Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cows with Metabolic Diseases

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan Braga Paiano ◽  
Daniela Becker Birgel ◽  
Eduardo Harry Birgel Junior
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Uterine Involution ◽  
Days Open ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of metabolic diseases on uterine involution and reproductive performance during the postpartum period. Multiparous Holstein dairy cows (n = 50) were divided into four groups based on whether they were healthy (n = 14), or had lipomobilization (n = 14), hypocalcemia (n = 11), and hyperketonemia (n = 11). Transrectal palpation and transrectal B-Mode sonography were carried out on days 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 after parturition. Cows with metabolic disease had a greater (p < 0.05) uterine size as assessed transrectally compared with cows without metabolic disease. Sonographic measurements revealed a greater (p < 0.05) horn diameter and endometrial thickness in cows of the metabolic disease groups than in the healthy cows. Metabolic disease affected (p < 0.05) the milk yield, percentage of service per pregnancy, days to first ovulation and days open. In conclusion, metabolic disease affected the uterine involution and fertility during the postpartum period.

77 REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY COWS DIFFERING IN THE INTERVAL FROM CALVING TO THE FIRST OVULATION IN THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
M. Yamaguchi ◽  
S. Takahashi ◽  
H. Koyama ◽  
O. Dochi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Peripartum Period ◽  
Days Open

In recent years, reproductive performance of dairy cows has declined worldwide. The reproductive characteristics of dairy cows should be evaluated to improve their fertility. Dochi et al. (2010) had reported that dairy cows that exhibited early first ovulation gave a low milk yield, had an early recovery of body condition score (BCS) in the postpartum period and a shorter number of days open. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of BCS on the functional recovery of reproduction after the birth of the calves. In this study, lactating Holstein cows were placed in free-stall housing equipped with an automatic milking system. The data presented in this study were collected from 48 cows that had calved between December 2007 and October 2010 with an average parity of 3.4 (range 2–6). The reproductive performance and the BCS during the different intervals between calving and the first ovulation were analysed using ANOVA. The conception rate at the first service was 38.1%. The average milk yield (305 days) was 12 299 kg. The first ovulation and oestrus were determined by ultrasonography. The results of the different intervals to the first ovulation are presented in Table 1. The average interval from the start of days in milk (DIM) to the first ovulation, first oestrus and first service; the number of days open; the number of services per conception and the milk yield (kg day–1, by 90 DIM) were 37.4, 54.7 and 110.3 days; 168.2 days open; 2.5 times; and 42.1 kg day–1, respectively. The cows that exhibited early first ovulation (≤21 DIM) in the postpartum period had significantly shorter intervals between the start of DIM and the first oestrus (P < 0.01). However, the days to first service, the number of days open, the number of services per conception and the milk yield (kg day–1, by 90 DIM) did not differ significantly. The BCS in the peripartum period of different intervals to the first ovulation decreased from 3.1 to 2.4 by 150 DIM. This study showed that average BCS of preparturient 50–10 DIM is 3.0. Moreover, the average BCS of parturition is declining to 2.5 (parturition from 70 to 150 DIM). The cows became pregnant after an increase in the BCS (>150 DIM). In conclusion, these results suggest that the delay to the first ovulation in the postpartum period tended to have delayed the oestrus expression in the cows. Moreover, the low level of BCS in the peripartum period, regardless of the number of days of the first ovulation and the first oestrus, potentially influenced the prolongation in the number of days open. To improve the fertility of the cows, it is important to elucidate the factors affecting the fluctuations in the BCS during the peripartum period. Table 1.Reproductive performance of dairy cows differing in interval to postpartum first ovulation

Effect of first 60-day cumulative milk yield on days open in Holstein dairy cows in Iran

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 148-148
Author(s):  
A. Heravi Moussavi ◽  
M. Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
T. Vafa
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Days Open ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Reproduction and milk production are the principal factors that are influencing dairy farm profitability. The dairy industry in Iran has changed dramatically in the last decade. The shift toward more productive cows and larger herds in Iran is associated with a decrease reproductive efficiency (Heravi Moussavi et al., 2004). Increased knowledge about the principal causes of reduced fertility is essential. The root cause of the declining fertility is probably a combination of a variety of physiological and management factors that have an additive effect on reproductive efficiency. Dairy cattle are inseminated and pregnancy is established while dairy cows are lactating. Based on the analyses of large datasets, there is clearly an antagonistic relationship between milk production and reproduction in dairy cattle (Lucy, 2001). It was shown that the hazard ratio for cumulative first 60-day milk yield and conception in high producer cows was 8 percent less than the others and also high milk yield was a risk factor for several reproductive disorders (Grohn and Rajala-Schultz, 2000). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of first 60-day cumulative milk yield on days open in Iranian Holstein dairy cows.

scholarly journals Effects of feeding dry glycerol on milk production, nutrients digestibility and blood components in primiparous Holstein dairy cows during the early postpartum period

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. e0609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farokh Kafilzadeh ◽  
Vahid Piri ◽  
Hamed Karami-Shabankareh
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Early Postpartum Period ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

The aim of this study was to evaluate the glucogenic property of glycerol supplementation in the dairy cow’s diet. Sixty primiparous cows (control, n=30, and glycerol supplemented, n=30) were used to measure milk yield and components, blood hormone and metabolite profiles, and body condition score. Feed intake and apparent total-tract digestibility were also measured using 10 primiparous cows (control, n=5, and glycerol supplemented, n=5). Dry glycerol was top dressed at 250 g/day/cow from parturition to 21 days postpartum. Average feed intake, milk yield and components were not affected by glycerol supplementation. Apparent total–tract digestibility of organic matter and neutral detergent fibre were not influenced by dry glycerol supplementation, but lipid digestibility was greater (<em>p</em>=0.01) in cows fed glycerol. The serum concentration of glucose and insulin tended to be higher in dry glycerol-supplemented cows (<em>p</em>=0.1; <em>p</em>=0.06, respectively). While, serum concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids and <em>β</em>-hydroxybutyrate were not affected. Supplemented cows had lower body condition loss during weeks 1 to 5 after calving (<em>p=</em>0.09). The glucogenic effect of glycerol did not affect milk yield during the first 3 weeks of lactation. However, daily milk yield during the 13 weeks recording period was higher in the glycerol-supplemented cows (28.5 <em>vs</em>. 30.3 kg, <em>p&lt;</em>0.001). Percentages of cows cycling at the planned breeding date was greater (<em>p</em>=0.01) for cows fed dry glycerol. The results demonstrated that feeding dry glycerol as a glucogenic supply could be useful in saving body reserves and improving energy balance of primiparous Holstein dairy cows during the early postpartum period.

scholarly journals The puerperium in dairy cows: ovarian activity, uterine involution and follicular dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Dos Santos Breda ◽  
Luiz Ernandes Kozicki
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Uterine Involution ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

The study of ovarian follicular dynamics (OFD) and other changes in the bovine reproductive tract has developedsignificantly over the past two decades, primarily due to the use of non-invasive investigative approaches suchas ultrasound. Advances in ultrasound examinations have provided a better understanding of ovarian activity,uterine involution, oviducts status, and other segments of the reproductive tract in the bovine postpartumperiod. Procedures including tracking of the reproductive tract have likewise aided in the development of newmethodologies and techniques to improve reproductive performance in cattle. The aim of this review was tosummarize knowledge regarding the reproductive tract in dairy cows during the postpartum period.

Associations of peripartum markers of stress and inflammation with milk yield and reproductive performance in Holstein dairy cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 120 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana M. Huzzey ◽  
Sabine Mann ◽  
Daryl V. Nydam ◽  
Richard J. Grant ◽  
Thomas R. Overton
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

scholarly journals Genetic parameters for milk urea and its relationship with milk yield and compositions in Holstein dairy cows

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253191
Author(s):  
Hadi Atashi ◽  
Miel Hostens ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

The aim was to estimate genetic parameters for milk urea (MU) concentration and its relationship with milk yield and compositions in Holstein dairy Cows. Edited data were 90,594 test-day records of milk yield and composition collected during 2015 to 2018 on 13,737 lactations obtained from 7,850 Holstein cows in 50 herds. Random regression test-day model was used to estimate genetic parameters. (Co)variance components were estimated with the Bayesian Gibbs sampling method using a single chain of 400,000 iterates. The first 50,000 iterates of each chain were regarded as a burn-in period. Mean (SD) of MU was 23.03 (5.99) and 22.41 (5.74) mg/dl in primiparous and multiparous cows, respectively. Average heritability estimates for daily MU was 0.33 (SD = 0.02) ranged 0.29 to 0.36 and 0.32 (SD = 0.03) ranged 0.27 to 0.34, respectively, for primiparous and multiparous cows. The mean (SD) genetic correlation between MU and milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, lactose yield, fat percentage, protein percentage, lactose percentage, and somatic cell score was, respectively, -0.02 (0.03), -0.02 (0.01), 0.01 (0.04), 0.01 (0.03), 0.00 (0.07), -0.03 (0.04), 0.00 (0.01), -0.11 (0.06) in primiparous cows. The corresponding values in multiparous cows were -0.01 (0.02), -0.01 (0.03), -0.04 (0.04), -0.04 (0.04), 0.04 (0.04), 0.04 (0.07), -0.03 (0.09), 0.06 (0.11), respectively. The results indicate that selection on MU is possible with no effect on milk yield or compositions, however, relationships between MU and other important traits such as longevity, metabolic diseases, and fertility are needed.

Effects of Lactation Stage and Milk Yield on Reproductive Performance in Holstein Dairy Cows

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Kwang-Soo Baek ◽  
◽  
Jun-Kyu Son ◽  
Hyun-Joo Lim ◽  
Ho-Beak Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

scholarly journals Analysis of longterm trends in the performance of dairy cows on low-input mountain farms

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Frelich ◽  
Martin Šlachta ◽  
Milan Kobes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Days Open

Analysis of longterm trends in the performance of dairy cows on low-input mountain farmsThe productive and reproductive performance of dairy cows was examined on thirty-four low-input farms in the Šumava Mts. between 2000 and 2007. Milk production increased by an average of 986 kg and 948 kg per lactation by Holstein and by Czech Fleckvieh cows, respectively (P<0.001), while the mean number of lactations decreased from 2.7 to 2.5 in Holstein and from 3.4. to 3.0 in Czech Fleckvieh cows (P<0.001) in the same period. The mean number of lactations decreased also in the culled cows - from 3.2 to 2.9 by Holstein and from 4.3 to 3.5 by Czech Fleckvieh cows (P<0.001). A higher cow milk yield was accompanied by a deterioration in reproductive performance. Between the periods 2000-2003 and 2004-2007 the number of days open lengthened by an average of 6 and 4 days (P<0.01) and the calving period by an average of 11 and 6 days (P<0.001) in Holstein and Czech Fleckvieh cows respectively. The results indicated an increased replacement of cows in the herds examined as a coincidental feature of the steadily rising milk performance. This may have a negative impact on the rentability of low-input mountain dairy farming in the region.

scholarly journals Relationships between Body Weight and Milk Yield During the Early Postpartum Period and Bull and Technician and the Reproductive Performance of High Producing Dairy Cows

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar SANTOLARIA ◽  
Fernando L^|^Oacute;PEZ-GATIUS ◽  
Jos^|^eacute; Antonio S^|^Aacute;NCHEZ-NADAL ◽  
Jes^|^uacute;s Y^|^Aacute;NIZ
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Early Postpartum Period ◽  
Early Postpartum

scholarly journals Seasonal Changes in Productive and Reproductive Performance in Holstein Dairy Cows Synchronized for Estrus with the Ovsynch Protocol Under Subtropical Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
M. M. Shabaan M. M. Shabaan
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Days Open ◽  
The Times ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat stress on productive and reproductive performances in Holstein dairy cows during summer compared to winter seasons. During each seasons, temperature–humidity index (THI), rectal temperature, and respiration rate were recorded for 105 days. Daily milk yield (Kg/day) was recorded for 5 consecutive months each season. Serum cholesterol, glucose, urea and progesterone (P4) concentrations were determined around the times of inseminations. Conception rate to first insemination (CR/AI), overall pregnancy rate, number of services per conception (NSPC) and number of days open (DO) were determined each season. Values of THI, rectal temperatures and respiration rate were greater in summer than winter. Daily milk yield was greater in winter months compared to summer. Serum glucose and urea concentrations were greater in summer than winter during the dry period and at the times of GnRH and PGF injections. However, cholesterol was greater in winter during GnRH and PGF injection times. Serum P4 concentrations were not affected by GnRH treatment in summer, whereas GnRH injection increased P4 concentration during winter season. More winter cows conceived to first AI and required less number of services per conception and had fewer days open compared to summer cows.

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