scholarly journals The Antibiotic Treatment of Calf Diarrhea in Four European Countries: A Survey

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 910
Author(s):  
Cassandra Eibl ◽  
Ricardo Bexiga ◽  
Lorenzo Viora ◽  
Hugues Guyot ◽  
José Félix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Neonatal Calf ◽  
Calf Diarrhea ◽  
Neonatal Calves ◽  
Neonatal Calf Diarrhea

Neonatal calves are commonly affected by diarrhea caused by different pathogens, but not always bacteria. Yet, antibiotics are routinely used as a treatment to an unknown extent. It was our goal to survey antibiotic use for the treatment of neonatal calf diarrhea in different countries and to identify influencing factors. A total of 873 farmers and veterinarians in Austria, Belgium, Portugal, and Scotland participated in a voluntary online survey. The data were analyzed using classification and regression tree analyses and chi2 tests. Overall, 52.5% of the participants stated that they use antibiotics when treating neonatal calf diarrhea. Of those, 27% use them always, and 45% use highest priority critically important antibiotics. The most important factor differentiating antibiotic use practices was the country the participants were from, which could be due to regulatory differences between the countries. All antibiotic products stated were licensed for use in cattle, but several were not licensed for the treatment of diarrhea in calves. Our study shows that there is an urgent need for more scientific evidence to define best practices for the treatment of neonatal calf diarrhea. Furthermore, consensual criteria for antibiotic therapy must be defined, and targeted training for farmers and veterinarians must be provided.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Bovine Rotavirus and Coronavirus in Neonatal Calves in Dairy Farms of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Motuma Debelo ◽  
Hayat Abdela ◽  
Asaminew Tesfaye ◽  
Abebaw Tiruneh ◽  
Gudina Mekonnen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Bovine Rotavirus ◽  
Neonatal Calf ◽  
Calf Diarrhea ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Neonatal Calves ◽  
Neonatal Calf Diarrhea

Background. Bovine rotavirus (BRV) and bovine coronavirus (BCoV) are the most common viral agents in neonatal calf diarrhea and result in serious economic consequences. The aim of the study was to determine the epidemiology of those viruses in randomly selected dairy farms of Addis Ababa. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2018 to April 2019 using a probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling technique. A total of 110 calves, less than 30 days of age, from 57 dairy herds were involved in the study. Associated factors of herds and calves were collected using semistructured interviews from farm owners and through physical observation of selected calves. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed using the sandwich ELISA method. Data generated from both semistructured interviews and laboratory investigation were analyzed using STATA_MP version 15. Results. From the total 110 calves, 42 (38.18%) had diarrhea during the survey. The prevalence of bovine rotavirus and coronavirus was 3.64% (4/110) and 0.91% (1/110), respectively. Diarrhea, feeding colostrum timing, and sex of the neonatal calves had statistically significant association with bovine rotavirus infection ( p < 0.05 ). All rotavirus-positive neonatal calves were identified in small scale dairy farms and in dairy farms that reported mortality though they lack statistically significant association. Only one coronavirus case was detected among the neonatal calves. The case was identified among small scale herds and in a herd with diarrheal cases. The sex of the coronavirus calf was female, diarrheic, and among 11-20 days old. Conclusion. The prevalence of rotavirus and coronavirus infections in neonatal calves was seldom in dairy farms of the study area. Rotavirus was more common than coronavirus, and further studies should be initiated on other (infectious and noninfectious) causes of neonatal calf diarrhea in the area.

scholarly journals Serum interleukin-6 as a prognostic marker in neonatal calf diarrhea

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 6563-6571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephani Fischer ◽  
Rolf Bauerfeind ◽  
Claus-Peter Czerny ◽  
Stephan Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Marker ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Neonatal Calf ◽  
Calf Diarrhea ◽  
Neonatal Calf Diarrhea

Pathology of Neonatal Calf Diarrhea Induced by a Reo-Like Virus

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 490-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Mebus ◽  
E. L. Stair ◽  
N. R. Underdahl ◽  
M. J. Twiehaus
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Neonatal Calf ◽  
Calf Diarrhea ◽  
Neonatal Calf Diarrhea ◽  
Microscopic Findings

Gross, immunofluorescent, and light microscopic findings in seven gnotobiotic calves inoculated orally with a Reo-like neonatal calf diarrhea virus were compared to findings in three control gnotobiotic calves. Neonatal calf diarrhea virus infected primarily the villous epithelium of the small intestine. Calves examined within 1.5 h after onset of diarrhea had tall columnar immunofluorescent villous epithelial cells in the middle and lower small intestine. Calves examined 2–4.5 h after onset of diarrhea had cuboidal to squamous villous epithelial cells and an increase in reticulum-like cells in the villous lamina propria of the middle and lower small intestine. Viral tilers were 106 and 108 in colonic contents from two calves inoculated with cell-culture-adapted virus and necropsied, respectively, 2 and 6 h after onset of diarrhea.

scholarly journals A new passive immune strategy based on IgY antibodies as a key element to control neonatal calf diarrhea in dairy farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Celina Guadalupe Vega ◽  
Marina Bok ◽  
Maren Ebinger ◽  
Lucía Alejandra Rocha ◽  
Alejandra Antonella Rivolta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Neonatal Calf ◽  
Calf Diarrhea ◽  
Neonatal Calf Diarrhea

scholarly journals Consent to data linkage in a large online epidemiological survey of 18–23 year old Australian women in 2012–13

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Graves ◽  
Deirdre McLaughlin ◽  
Janni Leung ◽  
Jennifer Powers
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Data Linkage ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Residential Address ◽  
Linkage Information ◽  
Administrative Datasets

Abstract Background Consent to link survey data with health-related administrative datasets is increasingly being sought but little is known about the influence of recruiting via online technologies on participants’ consents. The goal of this paper is to examine what factors (sociodemographic, recruitment, incentives, data linkage information, health) are associated with opt-in consent to link online survey data to administrative datasets (referred to as consent to data linkage). Methods The Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health is a prospective study of factors affecting the health and well-being of women. We report on factors associated with opt-in consent to data linkage at the end of an online survey of a new cohort of 18–23 year old Australian women recruited in 2012–13. Classification and Regression Tree analysis with decision trees was used to predict consent. Results In this study 69% consented to data linkage. The provision of residential address by the individual, or not (as a measure of attitudes towards privacy), was the most important factor in classifying the data into similar groups of consenters (76% consenters versus 47% respectively). Thereafter, for those who did not provide their residential address, the incentives and data linkage information that was offered was the next most important factor, with incentive 2: limited-edition designer leggings and additional information about confidentiality showing increases in consent rates over Incentive 1: AUD50 gift voucher: 60% versus 37%. Conclusions In young Australian women, attitudes towards privacy was strongly associated with consenting to data linkage. Providing additional details about data confidentiality was successful in increasing consent and so was cohort appropriate incentives. Ensuring that prospective participants understand the consent and privacy protocols in place to protect their confidential information builds confidence in consenting to data linkage.

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