scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus Epidemiology in Wildlife: A Systematic Review

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina J. Heaton ◽  
Gracen R. Gerbig ◽  
Lucas D. Sensius ◽  
Vishwash Patel ◽  
Tara C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
European Studies ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Wildlife Species

Staphylococcus aureus is a common bacterial colonizer of humans and a variety of animal species. Many strains have zoonotic potential, moving between humans and animals, including livestock, pets, and wildlife. We examined publications reporting on S. aureus presence in a variety of wildlife species in order to more cohesively review distribution of strains and antibiotic resistance in wildlife. Fifty-one studies were included in the final qualitative synthesis. The most common types documented included ST398, ST425, ST1, ST133, ST130, and ST15. A mix of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible strains were noted. A number of molecular types were identified that were likely to be found in wildlife species, including those that are commonly found in humans or other animal species (including livestock). Additional research should include follow-up in geographic areas that are under-sampled in this study, which is dominated by European studies.

scholarly journals Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST80 Clone: A Systematic Review

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assia Mairi ◽  
Abdelaziz Touati ◽  
Jean-Philippe Lavigne
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Spa Type

This review assessed the molecular characterization of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-ST80 clone with an emphasis on its proportion of total MRSA strains isolated, PVL production, spa-typing, antibiotic resistance, and virulence. A systematic review of the literature was conducted on MRSA-ST80 clone published between 1 January 2000 and 31 August 2019. Citations were chosen for a review of the full text if we found evidence that MRSA-ST80 clone was reported in the study. For each isolate, the country of isolation, the sampling period, the source of isolation (the type of infection, nasal swabs, or extra-human), the total number of MRSA strains isolated, number of MRSA-ST80 strains, antibiotic resistance patterns, PVL production, virulence genes, and spa type were recorded. The data from 103 articles were abstracted into an Excel database. Analysis of the data showed that the overall proportion of MRSA-ST80 has been decreasing in many countries in recent years. The majority of MRSA-ST80 were PVL positive with spa-type t044. Only six reports of MRSA-ST80 in extra-human niches were found. This review summarizes the rise of MRSA-ST80 and the evidence that suggests that it could be in decline in many countries.

scholarly journals Mutation-Based Antibiotic Resistance Mechanism in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Tanveer Ali ◽  
Abdul Basit ◽  
Asad Mustafa Karim ◽  
Jung-Hun Lee ◽  
Jeong-Ho Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Ligand Docking ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Allosteric Site ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

β-Lactam antibiotics target penicillin-binding proteins and inhibit the synthesis of peptidoglycan, a crucial step in cell wall biosynthesis. Staphylococcus aureus acquires resistance against β-lactam antibiotics by producing a penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), encoded by the mecA gene. PBP2a participates in peptidoglycan biosynthesis and exhibits a poor affinity towards β-lactam antibiotics. The current study was performed to determine the diversity and the role of missense mutations of PBP2a in the antibiotic resistance mechanism. The methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from clinical samples were identified using phenotypic and genotypic techniques. The highest frequency (60%, 18 out of 30) of MRSA was observed in wound specimens. Sequence variation analysis of the mecA gene showed four amino acid substitutions (i.e., E239K, E239R, G246E, and E447K). The E239R mutation was found to be novel. The protein-ligand docking results showed that the E239R mutation in the allosteric site of PBP2a induces conformational changes in the active site and, thus, hinders its interaction with cefoxitin. Therefore, the present report indicates that mutation in the allosteric site of PBP2a provides a more closed active site conformation than wide-type PBP2a and then causes the high-level resistance to cefoxitin.

scholarly journals Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) prevalence in humans in close contact with animals and measures to reduce on-farm colonisation

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Crespo-Piazuelo ◽  
Peadar G. Lawlor
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
On Farm

AbstractSince the 1940s, Staphylococcus aureus has adapted to the use of different antimicrobials to treat infections. Although S. aureus can act as a commensal bacterium, some strains are facultative pathogens and acquiring them can be fatal. In particular, treating infections caused by S. aureus with acquired antimicrobial resistance is problematic, as their treatment is more difficult. Some of these S. aureus variants are methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) with prevalence across the globe in health-care facilities, community settings and on livestock farms. Apart from humans, MRSA can colonise other animal species, and because of this, resistance to new antimicrobials can appear and jump between species. Livestock and companion animals are particularly important in this regard considering the relatively high usage of antimicrobials in these species. There is a risk to humans who come into direct contact with animals acquiring MRSA but there is also the risk of animals acquiring MRSA from colonised humans. In this review, we summarise studies conducted worldwide to characterise the prevalence of MRSA in veterinarians, farmers and other personnel who come into close contact with animals. Finally, alternative treatment, preventive measures and on-farm strategies to reduce MRSA introduction to a farm and carriage within a herd are discussed.

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of the clonal lineage ST5-SCCmecII-t2460 was associated with high mortality in a Wuhan hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuehan Li ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Yifan Zhang ◽  
Junying Zhou ◽  
Xinwei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Small Colony Variant ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Resistance Rates

AbstractMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important human pathogen that can cause serious infectious diseases. An emerging MRSA strain, ST5-SCCmecII spa-type-t2460 (SMRSA), has spread rapidly since its recent emergence in China, but little information is available about this lineage. In this study, 91 MRSA isolates were collected from patients treated in the Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, from 2018 to 2019, and investigated for their molecular characteristics, antibiotic resistance profiles, and clinical characteristics. The predominant lineage, SMRSA, accounted for 37.4% (34/91) of the isolates, followed by ST239-SCCmecIII-t030 (19.8%, 18/91) and ST59-SCCmecIV-t437 (8.8%, 8/91). In contrast to the latter two non-SMRSA (nSMRSA) lineages, which are among the main MRSA found in Chinese settings, SMRSA exhibited small colony variant (SCV) phenotype and had extremely high resistance rates to erythromycin (100.0%), clindamycin (100.0%), levofloxacin (100.0%), tetracycline (97.1%), moxifloxacin (97.1%), and ciprofloxacin (100%), but was more susceptible to rifampicin (resistance rate 3%). The levels of white blood cells (WBC) and procalcitonin (PCT) and the 30-day mortality in patients infected with SMRSA were (12.54 ± 6.61) × 109/L, 0.66 ng/mL, and 52.9%, respectively, which were much higher than those in patients infected with nSMRSA. In addition, patients infected with SMRSA were more frequently admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and submitted to invasive procedures than those infected with nSMRSA. In conclusion, SMRSA showed SCV phenotype and exhibited multiple antibiotic-resistance profiles. In this study, SMRSA was associated with serious infections and poor prognosis. Compared with ST239, ST59, or other nSMRSA strains, patients infected with SMRSA strains have higher 30-day mortality, increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers, and more frequent ICU hospitalization and invasive procedures.

Investigation of the antibiotic resistance of staphylococcus species isolated from foods

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 3372-3382
Author(s):  
Brigitta Horváth ◽  
Ferenc Peles ◽  
Judit Gasparikné Reichardt ◽  
Edit Pocklán ◽  
Rita Sipos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Tof Ms

The presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains in the food chain has been confirmed by several studies in the European Union, but there are only limited data available in Hungary. The objective of the present study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus strains isolated from foods, using classical microbiological, molecular biological methods and the MALDI-TOF-MS technique, as well as the multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of antibiotic resistant strains. During the study, 47 coagulase-positive (CPS) and 30 coagulase-negative (CNS) Staphylococcus isolates were collected. In the course of the MALDI-TOF-MS investigations, all CPS isolates (n=47) were found to be S. aureus species, while 8 different species were identified in the case of the CNS strains. Methicillin resistance was confirmed in two S. aureus strains, one of which had a sequence type not yet known, while the other MRSA strain was type ST398, which is the most common type of MRSA strain isolated from farm animals in the EU/EEA. (The abbreviation “MRSA” is often used in common parlance, but occasionally in the literature to denote “multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus”. In the authors’ manuscript - the methicillin-resistant pathogen is correctly designated as such. Ed.)

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