scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns and Wild-Type MIC Distributions of Anaerobic Bacteria at a German University Hospital: A Five-Year Retrospective Study (2015–2019)

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 823
Author(s):  
Mohamed Tarek Badr ◽  
Benjamin Blümel ◽  
Sandra Baumgartner ◽  
Johanna M. A. Komp ◽  
Georg Häcker
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Local antimicrobial susceptibility surveys are crucial for optimal empirical therapy guidelines and for aiding in antibiotic stewardship and treatment decisions. For many laboratories, a comprehensive overview of local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of anaerobic bacteria is still lacking due to the long incubation time and effort involved. The present study investigates the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and related clinical and demographic data of 2856 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria that were submitted for analysis to the Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene of the Freiburg University Medical Center (a tertiary university medical center in Southern Germany) between 2015 and 2019. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing has been carried out according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guideline. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)50 and MIC90 for penicillin, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, and clindamycin were established for Gram-positive anaerobes and for ampicillin-sulbactam, meropenem, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, and clindamycin for Gram-negative anaerobes. The distribution of MIC-values for various antibiotics against anaerobic bacteria was also established, especially for those having no specific breakpoints according to EUCAST guidelines. Most clinically relevant anaerobic bacteria originated from general surgery, neurological, and orthopedic wards. A high proportion of isolates were resistant to moxifloxacin and clindamycin indicating the importance of their susceptibility testing before administration. Based on our study metronidazole and other β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations such as ampicillin-sulbactam remain suitable for empirical treatment of infections with anaerobic bacteria.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolated from South African Pregnant Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Glynis Oree ◽  
Meleshni Naicker ◽  
Hopolang Clifford Maise ◽  
Partson Tinarwo ◽  
Nathlee Samantha Abbai
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a sexually transmitted infection, is associated with adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Emerging resistance towards various antibiotics has been observed globally. However, there is a lack of data on antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in N. gonorrhoeae isolated from pregnant women in our setting. This study fills in this gap in the literature. Methods. The study population included pregnant women, recruited from the antenatal clinic of the King Edward VIII hospital (KEH) in Durban. Endocervical swabs were obtained from 307 women. The swab was placed in Amies Charcoal media for culture assessments. Pure isolates of N. gonorrhoeae were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Etest™ method. The MIC values were assessed in accordance with the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST, 2019) breakpoints. Results. The prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae by culture was 1.9%. High MIC values to penicillin G (12-64 mg/L) indicating a resistant phenotype were observed for all isolates tested, with 50% of the isolates displaying complete resistance. Isolates with intermediate (1 mg/L) and resistance (1.9-32 mg/L) profiles to tetracycline were observed. Resistance to ciprofloxacin (1.16-3 mg/L) was also observed. Isolates displayed either dual or triple resistance to penicillin G, tetracycline, or ciprofloxacin. All isolates showed susceptibility to spectinomycin (>64 mg/L), azithromycin (1 mg/L), ceftriaxone (>0.125 mg/L), and cefixime (>0.125 mg/L). Conclusion. Despite lack of resistance to ceftriaxone and azithromycin, continuous surveillance for emerging patterns of resistance to these antibiotics is needed since they form part of the treatment guidelines.

Evaluation of FASTinov® ultra-rapid flow cytometry antimicrobial susceptibility testing directly from positive blood cultures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Silva-Dias ◽  
Blanca Pérez-Viso ◽  
Inês Martins-Oliveira ◽  
Rosário Gomes ◽  
Acácio G Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽  
Rapid Flow ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate

The ultra-rapid antimicrobial susceptibility test FASTinov® flow cytometry kit was directly evaluated on positive blood cultures (BC) at two sites: i) FASTinov® in Porto (Portugal) using spiked BC with well-characterized bacteria and ii) Ramon y Cajal University hospital in Madrid (Spain) using patients positive BC. Two kits were evaluated, FAST gramneg ( Enterobacterales , Pseudomonas , Acinetobacter ) and FAST grampos ( Staphylococcus , Enterococcus ). A dedicated software for cytometric data analysis and interpretative reporting, both using CLSI and EUCAST criteria, were used. The FAST gramneg kit also provides information about the presence of resistant mechanisms, including ESBLs and carbapenemases. After 1-h incubation at 37°C bacteria were analysed by CytoFLEX® cytometer (Beckman, CA). Disk diffusion was performed as reference susceptibility method. Overall, 447 positive BC were included, 100 from hospitalized patients. Categorical agreement for FAST gramneg panel was 96.8% for EUCAST and 96.4% for CLSI. For FAST grampos panel it was 98.6% when using both criteria. Using EUCAST criteria the percentage of errors for FAST gramneg panel was 2.1% minor errors (mE), 1.3% major errors (ME) and 0.6% very major errors (VME). Concerning CLSI, 2.9% mE, 0.9% ME and 0.4% VME were found. VMEs were mainly observed with amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and gentamicin. FAST grampos panel showed 0.3% mE, 1.4% ME and 0.4% VME using EUCAST criteria (VME regarded gentamicin and Staphylococcus ) while 0.4% mE, 1.4% ME and no VME when using CLSI criteria. FASTinov® flow cytometry kits represent a rapid alternative for direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing from positive BC, showing time-to-results <2-h, which can be used to personalized antibiotics and stewardship practices.

scholarly journals Role of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing before First-Line Treatment Containing Clarithromycin for Helicobacter pylori Eradication in the Clinical Setting

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Seokin Kang ◽  
Yuri Kim ◽  
Ji Yong Ahn ◽  
Hwoon-Yong Jung ◽  
Nayoung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Eradication Rate ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
First Line Treatment

Background: Checking Helicobacter pylori susceptibility tests in the clinical setting before first-line treatment is considered difficult. We compared susceptibility-guided therapy (SGT) with empirical therapy (ET) as a first-line treatment containing clarithromycin and investigated the eradication rate using antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Methods: 257 patients with H. pylori infection, with AST, performed before the eradication of clarithromycin-containing regimens were enrolled and divided into two groups: the SGT and ET groups. Results: Eradication rates in the SGT and ET groups were 85.4% and 58.4% (P < 0.01), respectively. In triple therapy (TT), eradication rates of the SGT and ET groups were 85.1% and 56.6% (P < 0.01), respectively. In sequential therapy (SET), eradication rates of the SGT and ET groups were 86.2% and 65.6% (P = 0.06), respectively. According to AST, TT had an eradication rate of 84.6% with strains susceptible to clarithromycin and amoxicillin and 11.1% with strains resistant to both. SET had an eradication rate of 89.5% with strains susceptible to clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and metronidazole, whereas it was 0% with strains resistant to clarithromycin and metronidazole. Conclusions: SGT as first-line treatment improved eradication rates of TT and SET by 28.5 (P < 0.01) and 20.6 (P = 0.06) percent points, respectively, compared with ET.

An unusual case of peritoneal dialysis-associated bacterial peritonitis caused by Weeksella virosa

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Tugce Unalan ◽  
Alper Karagoz ◽  
Cihangul Bayhan ◽  
Yasemin Ozsurekci ◽  
Gulsen Hazirolan
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter ◽  
Dialysis Catheter ◽  
First Report ◽  
Bacterial Peritonitis ◽  
Fluid Culture

Weeksella virosa is an atypical Gram-negative bacterium that does not grow on MacConkey agar. In this report, we present a 4-year-old female patient with Addison’s disease and end-stage renal failure secondary to focal sclerosing glomerulosclerosis. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis had been performed, and 3 months later, the patient developed fever, diarrhea, and vomiting. Peritoneal fluid culture and dialysis fluid culture were positive for W. virosa. It was identified with Phoenix (BD, USA) and confirmed via 16S rRNA sequencing. It cannot be identified by Maldi Biotyper (Bruker). The isolate was found to be resistant to cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin, and amikacin by gradient test. Intraperitoneal cefepime was initiated but since antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed cephalosporin resistance, therapy was changed to intraperitoneal meropenem. Following the removal of peritoneal dialysis catheter, fever, abdominal distention, and vomiting were resolved. Piperacillin, aztreonam, and carbapenems can be used for empirical therapy. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be performed to guide the choice of treatment. Removal of peritoneal dialysis catheter is an important step of management of this infection. To our knowledge, this is the first report of W. virosa in a pediatric patient and first report from Turkey.

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