scholarly journals Health Benefits of Antioxidative Peptides Derived from Legume Proteins with a High Amino Acid Score

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Athanasia Matemu ◽  
Soichiro Nakamura ◽  
Shigeru Katayama
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Antioxidant Peptides ◽  
High Amino Acid ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Amino Acid Score

Legumes such as soybean, chickpea, lentil, cowpea, and mung bean, are valuable sources of protein with a high amino acid score and can provide bioactive peptides. This manuscript presents a review on legume-derived peptides, focusing on in vitro and in vivo studies on the potential antioxidative activities of protein hydrolysates and their characterization, amino acid sequences, or purified/novel peptides. The health implications of legume-derived antioxidative peptides in reducing the risks of cancer and cardiovascular diseases are linked with their potent action against oxidation and inflammation. The molecular weight profiles and amino acid sequences of purified and characterized legume-derived antioxidant peptides are not well established. Therefore, further exploration of legume protein hydrolysates is necessary for assessing the potential applications of antioxidant-derived peptides in the functional food industry.

scholarly journals Charge influences substrate recognition and self-assembly of hydrophobic FG sequences

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley G. Chen ◽  
Jacob Witten ◽  
Scott C. Grindy ◽  
Niels Holten-Andersen ◽  
Katharina Ribbeck
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Pore ◽  
Selective Binding ◽  
Charged Amino Acids ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Transport Receptors

AbstractThe nuclear pore complex controls the passage of molecules via hydrophobic phenylalanine-glycine (FG) domains on nucleoporins. Such FG-domains consist of repeating units of FxFG, FG, or GLFG sequences, which can be interspersed with highly charged amino acid sequences. Despite the high density of charge exhibited in certain FG-domains, if and how charge influences FG-domain self-assembly and selective binding of nuclear transport receptors is largely unexplored. Studying how individual charged amino acids contribute to nuclear pore selectivity is challenging with modern in vivo and in vitro techniques due to the complexity of nucleoporin sequences. Here, we present a rationally designed approach to deconstruct essential components of nucleoporins down to 14 amino acid sequences. With these nucleoporin-based peptides, we systematically dissect how charge type and placement of charge influences self-assembly and selective binding of FG-containing gels. Specifically, we find that charge type determines which hydrophobic substrates FG sequences recognize while spatial localization of charge tunes hydrophobic self-assembly and receptor selectivity of FG sequences.

scholarly journals In Vitro ACE2 and 5-LOX Enzyme Inhibition by Menthol and Three Different Mint Essential Oils

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110550
Author(s):  
Fatih Demirci ◽  
Ayşe Esra Karadağ ◽  
Sevde Nur Biltekin ◽  
Betül Demirci
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Mentha Arvensis ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

Mentha arvensis L., M. citrata L., and M. spicata L. (family Lamiaceae) essential oils, and their characteristic constituent, menthol, were evaluated in vitro for angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) enzyme inhibitory activity. The chemical compositions of M. arvensis, M. citrata, and M. spicata essential oils were analysed both by GC-FID, and GC/MS; 82.0%, 38.1%, and 0.4% menthol were identified, respectively. M. spicata essential oil contained 88.2% carvone as its major component. The enzyme inhibitory activities of the essential oils were evaluated using a fluorometric multiplate based enzyme inhibition kit; the ACE2 inhibitions produced by M. arvensis, M. citrata, and M. spicata essential oils were 33%, 22%, and 73%, while the 5-LOX inhibitions were 84%, 79%, and 70%, respectively. In addition, menthol also showed remarkable ACE2 inhibition of 99.8%, whereas the 5-LOX inhibition was 79.9%. As a result, menthol and the three different mint essential oils may have antiviral potential applications against coronaviruses due to their ACE2 enzyme inhibition and anti-inflammatory features. However, further in vivo studies are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy.

scholarly journals Glutamine: Metabolism and Immune Function, Supplementation and Clinical Translation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius Cruzat ◽  
Marcelo Macedo Rogero ◽  
Kevin Noel Keane ◽  
Rui Curi ◽  
Philip Newsholme
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glutamine Metabolism ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Nutrition Supplementation ◽  
Wide Range

Glutamine is the most abundant and versatile amino acid in the body. In health and disease, the rate of glutamine consumption by immune cells is similar or greater than glucose. For instance, in vitro and in vivo studies have determined that glutamine is an essential nutrient for lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production, macrophage phagocytic plus secretory activities and neutrophil bacterial killing. Glutamine release to the circulation and availability is mainly controlled by key metabolic organs, such as the gut, liver and skeletal muscles. During catabolic/hypercatabolic situations glutamine can become essential for metabolic function, but its availability may be compromised due to impairment of homeostasis in the inter-tissue metabolism of amino acids. For this reason, glutamine is currently part of clinical nutrition supplementation protocols and/or recommended for immune suppressed individuals. However, in a wide range of catabolic/hypercatabolic situations (e.g. ill/critically ill, post-trauma, sepsis, exhausted athletes) it is currently difficult to determine whether glutamine parenteral or enteral supplementation should be recommended based on the amino acid plasma concentration (glutaminemia). Although the beneficial immune based effects of glutamine supplementation is already established, many questions and evidence for positive in vivo outcomes still remain to be presented. Therefore, this paper provides an integrated review on how glutamine metabolism in key organs is important to cells of the immune system. We also discuss glutamine metabolism, action and important issues related to the effects of glutamine supplementation in catabolic situations.

scholarly journals Combretastatins: An Overview of Structure, Probable Mechanisms of Action and Potential Applications

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak ◽  
Esra Küpeli Akkol ◽  
Yasin Genç ◽  
Hilal Bardakcı ◽  
Çiğdem Yücel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Combretastatin A4 ◽  
Potential Applications

Combretastatins are a class of closely related stilbenes (combretastatins A), dihydrostilbenes (combretastatins B), phenanthrenes (combretastatins C) and macrocyclic lactones (combretastatins D) found in the bark of Combretum caffrum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze, commonly known as the South African bush willow. Some of the compounds in this series have been shown to be among the most potent antitubulin agents known. Due to their structural simplicity many analogs have also been synthesized. Combretastatin A4 phosphate is the most frequently tested compounds in preclinical and clinical trials. It is a water-soluble prodrug that the body can rapidly metabolize to combretastatin A4, which exhibits anti-tumor properties. In addition, in vitro and in vivo studies on combretastatins have determined that these compounds also have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. Nano-based formulations of natural or synthetic active agents such as combretastatin A4 phosphate exhibit several clear advantages, including improved low water solubility, prolonged circulation, drug targeting properties, enhanced efficiency, as well as fewer side effects. In this review, a synopsis of the recent literature exploring the combretastatins, their potential effects and nanoformulations as lead compounds in clinical applications is provided.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of three newly recognized rat parvoviruses

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 2075-2083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cho-Hua Wan ◽  
Maria Söderlund-Venermo ◽  
David J. Pintel ◽  
Lela K. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Minute Virus ◽  
Genomic Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Kilham Rat Virus

Rodent parvoviruses have been documented to interfere with both in vivo and in vitro research. In this study, three rat parvoviruses distinct from previously characterized rodent parvoviruses were identified from naturally infected rats obtained from four discrete sources. These three newly recognized parvoviruses were designated rat minute virus (RMV)-1a, -1b and -1c. In this study, the genomic nucleotide sequence and the predicted amino acid sequences of proteins for each of the three RMV-1 variants and Kilham rat virus (KRV) were determined and compared with previously characterized rodent parvoviruses. The three RMV-1 variants were shown to be closely related to each other, to be distinct from but closely related to KRV and H-1 virus, and to be significantly different from the previously identified rat parvovirus isolate, RPV-1a.

In vitro gene expression and preliminary in vivo studies of temperature-dependent titania–graphene nanocomposites for bone replacement applications

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (83) ◽  
pp. 43951-43961 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kavitha ◽  
W. Chunyan ◽  
D. Navaneethan ◽  
V. Rajendran ◽  
Suresh Valiyaveettil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Graphene Nanocomposites ◽  
Bone Replacement ◽  
Potential Applications

To meet the demand for biomaterials due to increasing bone defects and damage, we sought to synthesize titania–graphene nanocomposites at different sintering temperatures and then optimize them to explore their potential applications in biomaterials.

scholarly journals Expression of CD14 by Hepatocytes: Upregulation by Cytokines during Endotoxemia

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 5089-5098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubing Liu ◽  
Lajwanti S. Khemlani ◽  
Richard A. Shapiro ◽  
Mark L. Johnson ◽  
Kaihong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Soluble Cd14 ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cd14 Mrna ◽  
Lps Treatment

ABSTRACT Studies were undertaken to examine hepatocyte CD14 expression during endotoxemia. Our results show that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in vivo caused a marked upregulation in CD14 mRNA and protein levels in rat hepatocytes. Detectable increases in mRNA were seen as early as 1.5 h after LPS treatment; these increases peaked at 20-fold by 3 h and returned to baseline levels by 24 h. In situ hybridization localized the CD14 mRNA expression to hepatocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Increases in hepatic CD14 protein levels were detectable by 3 h and peaked at 12 h. Hepatocytes from LPS-treated animals expressed greater amounts of cell-associated CD14 protein, and more of the soluble CD14 was released by hepatocytes from LPS-treated rats in vitro. The increases in hepatocyte CD14 expression during endotoxemia occurred in parallel to increases of CD14 levels in plasma. To provide molecular identification of the hepatocyte CD14, we cloned the rat liver CD14 cDNA. The longest clone consists of a 1,591-bp insert containing a 1,116-bp open reading frame. The deduced amino acid sequence is 372 amino acids long, has 81.8 and 62.8% homology to the amino acid sequences of mouse and human CD14, respectively, and is identical to the rat macrophage CD14. The expressed CD14 protein from this clone was functional, as indicated by NF-κB activation in response to LPS and fluorescein isothiocyanate-LPS binding in CHO cells stably transfected with rat CD14. A nuclear run-on assay showed that CD14 transcription rates were significantly increased in hepatocytes from LPS-treated animals, indicating that the upregulation in CD14 mRNA levels observed in rat hepatocytes after LPS treatment is dependent, in part, on increased transcription. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that interleukin-1β and/or tumor necrosis factor α participate in the upregulation of CD14 mRNA levels in hepatocytes. Our data indicate that hepatocytes express CD14 and that hepatocyte CD14 mRNA and protein levels increase rapidly during endotoxemia. Our observations also support the idea that soluble CD14 is an acute-phase protein and that hepatocytes could be a source for soluble CD14 production.

Plant Bioactive Peptides: Current Status and Prospects Towards Use on Human Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsun-Thai Chai ◽  
Kah-Yaw Ee ◽  
D. Thirumal Kumar ◽  
Fazilah Abdul Manan ◽  
Fai-Chu Wong
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Peptides ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Plant Peptides ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Health Promoting

Abstract: Large numbers of bioactive peptides with potential applications in protecting against human diseases have been identified from plant sources. In this review, we summarized recent progress in the research of plant-derived bioactive peptides, encompassing their production, biological effects, and mechanisms. This review focuses on antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anticancer peptides, giving special attention to evidence derived from cellular and animal models. Studies investigating peptides with known sequences and well-characterized peptidic fractions or protein hydrolysates will be discussed. The use of molecular docking tools to elucidate inter-molecular interactions between bioactive peptides and target proteins is highlighted. In conclusion, the accumulating evidence from in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies to date supports the envisioned applications of plant peptides as natural antioxidants as well as health-promoting agents. Notwithstanding, much work is still required before the envisioned applications of plant peptides can be realized. To this end, future researches for addressing current gaps were proposed.

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