scholarly journals Tocotrienols: Dietary Supplements for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 883
Author(s):  
Xiangming Ji ◽  
Hongwei Yao ◽  
Maureen Meister ◽  
Douglas S. Gardenhire ◽  
Huanbiao Mo
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Alveolar Wall ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the two major phenotypes of COPD, which have many symptoms, such as dyspnea, chronic cough, and mucus overproduction. Emphysema is characterized by the destruction of the alveolar wall, while chronic bronchitis is characterized by limitations in expiratory airflow. Cigarette smoking is the most significant risk factor for the pathogenesis of COPD in the developed world. Chronic inflammation contributes to the onset and progression of the disease and furthers the risk of comorbidities. Current treatment options and prevention strategies for COPD are very limited. Tocotrienols are a group of vitamin E molecules with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Individual tocotrienols (α, γ, and δ) have shown their ability to attenuate inflammation specifically via suppressing nuclear factor-κB-mediated cytokine production. The δ- and γ-forms of tocotrienols have been indicated as the most effective in the prevention of macrophage infiltration, production of reactive oxygen species, and cytokine secretion. This review briefly discusses the pathogenesis of COPD and the role of inflammation therein. Furthermore, we summarize the in vitro and in vivo evidence for the anti-inflammatory activity of tocotrienols and their potential application to COPD management. Coupled with the bioavailability and safety profile of tocotrienols, the ability of these compounds to modulate COPD progression by targeting the inflammation pathways renders them potential candidates for novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of COPD patients.

scholarly journals Th17/Treg Imbalance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical and Experimental Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Dias Lourenço ◽  
Juliana Tiyaki Ito ◽  
Milton de Arruda Martins ◽  
Iolanda de Fátima Lopes Calvo Tibério ◽  
Fernanda Degobbi Tenorio Quirino dos Santos Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses mediated by Th17 and Treg cells is deeply involved in the development and progression of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Several clinical and experimental studies have described the Th17/Treg imbalance in COPD progression. Due to its importance, many studies have also evaluated the effect of different treatments targeting Th17/Treg cells. However, discrepant results have been observed among different lung compartments, different COPD stages or local and systemic markers. Thus, the data must be carefully examined. In this context, this review explores and summarizes the recent outcomes of Th17/Treg imbalance in COPD development and progression in clinical, experimental and in vitro studies.

scholarly journals The Involvement of Phospholipases A2in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Pniewska ◽  
Rafal Pawliczak
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

The increased morbidity, mortality, and ineffective treatment associated with the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have generated much research interest. The key role is played by phospholipases from the A2superfamily: enzymes which are involved in inflammation through participation in pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators production and have an impact on many immunocompetent cells. The 30 members of the A2superfamily are divided into 7 groups. Their role in asthma and COPD has been studiedin vitroandin vivo(animal models, cell cultures, and patients). This paper contains complete and updated information about the involvement of particular enzymes in the etiology and course of asthma and COPD.

scholarly journals miR-4456/CCL3/CCR5 Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Tight Junction Impairment in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Yu ◽  
Ting Ye ◽  
Jie Ding ◽  
Yi Huang ◽  
Yang Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Background: Cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) is a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The smoke disrupts cell-cell adhesion by inducing epithelial barrier damage to the tight junction (TJ) proteins. Even though the inflammatory mechanism of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) in COPD has gained increasing attention in the research community, however, the underlying signaling pathway, remains unknown.Objectives: To identify the relationship of CCL3 in the pathogenesis of tight junction impairment in COPD and the pathway through which CSE causes damage to TJ in COPD via CCL3, both in vivo and in vitro.Methods: We screened the inflammatory factors in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy controls and patients at each GOLD 1-4 stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. RT-PCR, western blot, and ELISA were used to detect the levels of CCL3, ZO-1, and occludin after Cigarette smoke exposure. Immunofluorescence was applied to examine the impairment of the TJs in 16-HBE and A549 cells. The reverse assay was used to detect the effect of a CCR5 antagonist (DAPTA) in COPD. In the CSE-induced COPD mouse model, H&E staining and lung function tests were used to evaluate the pathological and physical states in each group. Immunofluorescence was used to assess the impairment of TJs in each group. ELISA and RT-PCR were used to examine the mRNA or protein expression of CCL3 or miR-4456 in each group.Results: The in vivo and in vitro results showed that CCL3 expression was increased in COPD compared with healthy controls. CCL3 caused significant injury to TJs through its C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), while miR-4456 could suppress the effect of CCL3 on TJs by binding to the 3′-UTR of CCL3.Conclusion: miR-4456/CCL3/CCR5 pathway may be a potential target pathway for the treatment of COPD.

scholarly journals In vivo endomicroscopic features of distal airways in chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
O. V. Danilevskaya ◽  
A. V. Averyanov
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Relevance: Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) of distal airways is a unique technology that allows real-time visualization of structures containing natural fluorophores, which are emitted by exposure to laser radiation with a wavelength of 488 nm, in vivo. To date, the endomicroscopic features of the distal respiratory tract have not been adequately studied in lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis. The goal of the present study is to describe the endomicroscopic signs of the distal parts of the respiratory system in chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis. Methods: A total of 21 patients with emphysematous and bronchitic phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis were examined. All the patients have undergone CLE of distal airways or alveoloscopy during bronchoscopy. The most pathognomonic changes were evaluated on the obtained endomicroscopic images. Results: For each studied nosological form of chronic inflammatory lung diseases, by careful morphometric analysis of a significant number of informative images, the most specific endomicroscopic changes were identified with the release of CLE patterns. Conclusions: CLE of distal airways in patients with chronic inflammatory lung diseases allows visualizing changes in the elastic framework of the acini, as well as identifying pathological intraluminal contents, which can be attributed to valuable additional tools in a row of diagnostic methods of respiratory medicine.

In vivo neutrophil sequestration within lungs of humans is determined by in vitro "filterability"

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1996-2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Selby ◽  
E. Drost ◽  
P. K. Wraith ◽  
W. MacNee
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cell Deformability ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Neutrophil Sequestration ◽  
In Transit

Neutrophils are normally delayed in transit through the lung microcirculation, relative to the passage of erythrocytes. This sequestration contributes to a pulmonary pool of neutrophils that may relate to the relative inability of neutrophils to deform compared with erythrocytes when in transit in the pulmonary capillaries. A micropore membrane was used to model the human pulmonary microcirculation, in which cell deformability was measured as the pressure developed during filtration of the cells through the membrane at a constant flow. We demonstrated a significant correlation between in vitro deformability and in vivo lung sequestration of indium-111-labeled neutrophils in 10 normal subjects (r = 0.69, P less than 0.02). In eight patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, this relationship was not significant (r = -0.2, P greater than 0.05). Furthermore, in a subject with microscopic pulmonary telangiectasia known to allow significant passage of 30-microns microspheres, neutrophils passed through the lungs without delay. Moreover, neutrophils from patients studied acutely with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were temporarily less deformable (P less than 0.01). These studies confirm that cell deformability is an important determinant of the normal neutrophil sequestration within the lungs. Changes in cell deformability may alter the extent of this sequestration.

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