scholarly journals In vivo endomicroscopic features of distal airways in chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
O. V. Danilevskaya ◽  
A. V. Averyanov
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Relevance: Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) of distal airways is a unique technology that allows real-time visualization of structures containing natural fluorophores, which are emitted by exposure to laser radiation with a wavelength of 488 nm, in vivo. To date, the endomicroscopic features of the distal respiratory tract have not been adequately studied in lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis. The goal of the present study is to describe the endomicroscopic signs of the distal parts of the respiratory system in chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis. Methods: A total of 21 patients with emphysematous and bronchitic phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis were examined. All the patients have undergone CLE of distal airways or alveoloscopy during bronchoscopy. The most pathognomonic changes were evaluated on the obtained endomicroscopic images. Results: For each studied nosological form of chronic inflammatory lung diseases, by careful morphometric analysis of a significant number of informative images, the most specific endomicroscopic changes were identified with the release of CLE patterns. Conclusions: CLE of distal airways in patients with chronic inflammatory lung diseases allows visualizing changes in the elastic framework of the acini, as well as identifying pathological intraluminal contents, which can be attributed to valuable additional tools in a row of diagnostic methods of respiratory medicine.

scholarly journals Tocotrienols: Dietary Supplements for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 883
Author(s):  
Xiangming Ji ◽  
Hongwei Yao ◽  
Maureen Meister ◽  
Douglas S. Gardenhire ◽  
Huanbiao Mo
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Alveolar Wall ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the two major phenotypes of COPD, which have many symptoms, such as dyspnea, chronic cough, and mucus overproduction. Emphysema is characterized by the destruction of the alveolar wall, while chronic bronchitis is characterized by limitations in expiratory airflow. Cigarette smoking is the most significant risk factor for the pathogenesis of COPD in the developed world. Chronic inflammation contributes to the onset and progression of the disease and furthers the risk of comorbidities. Current treatment options and prevention strategies for COPD are very limited. Tocotrienols are a group of vitamin E molecules with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Individual tocotrienols (α, γ, and δ) have shown their ability to attenuate inflammation specifically via suppressing nuclear factor-κB-mediated cytokine production. The δ- and γ-forms of tocotrienols have been indicated as the most effective in the prevention of macrophage infiltration, production of reactive oxygen species, and cytokine secretion. This review briefly discusses the pathogenesis of COPD and the role of inflammation therein. Furthermore, we summarize the in vitro and in vivo evidence for the anti-inflammatory activity of tocotrienols and their potential application to COPD management. Coupled with the bioavailability and safety profile of tocotrienols, the ability of these compounds to modulate COPD progression by targeting the inflammation pathways renders them potential candidates for novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of COPD patients.

Fatal Giant Aortic Thrombus Presenting With Pulmonary Edema in a Patient With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Sari ◽  
Vedat Davutoglu ◽  
Nazan Bayram ◽  
Serdar Soydinc
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Arrest ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Aortic Thrombus

Thrombus formation in a morphologically normal a aorta is a very rare event. A 50-year-old man with a his- s tory of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pre- e sented to the emergency department with pulmonary C edema. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardio- t graphy revealed a highly mobile, pedunculated floating c thrombus in the descending thoracic aorta 3-4 cm dis- t tal to the origin of the left subclavian artery. The orig- t inal lumen of the aorta was almost obliterated by the thrombus. The aortic wall was free of any atheroma. Thrombolytic treatment was administered, but 3 hours d after starting streptokinase, he developed sudden and severe low-back pain accompanied by loss of lower-extremity pulses which were patent on admission. Cardiopulmonary arrest developed within an hour and the patient died despite resuscitation. The potential causes of aortic thrombus, the clinical spectrum that the patients may present, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic options are discussed.

scholarly journals Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: NHLBI Workshop on the Primary Prevention of Chronic Lung Diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (Supplement 3) ◽  
pp. S154-S160 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bradley Drummond ◽  
A. Sonia Buist ◽  
James D. Crapo ◽  
Robert A. Wise ◽  
Stephen I. Rennard
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases

The state of the cardiovascular system in occupational bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, not associated with the impact of harmful industrial factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav S. Lotkov ◽  
Anton Vladimirovich Glazistov ◽  
Antonina G. Baykova ◽  
Marina Yuryevna Vostroknutova ◽  
Natalia E. Lavrentieva
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Occupational Lung Diseases ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The formation and progression of chronic dust bronchitis and chronic bronchitis of toxic-chemical etiology, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is accompanied by an increase in the degree of ventilation disorders, echocardiographic signs of hypertrophy and dilatation of the right ventricle are formed, typical for chronic pulmonary heart disease. The progression of disturbances in the function of external respiration in dusty lung diseases leads to a decrease in myocardial contractility. The detection of hemodynamic disturbances at the early stages of the development of occupational lung diseases indicates the need for individual monitoring of the functional state of the cardiovascular system in the process of contact with industrial aerosols, especially in groups of workers with long-term exposure.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF HAREETAKYADI YOGA IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE – PRE TEST-POST TEST DESIGN

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Aswathy M ◽  
Radhakrishnan VN ◽  
Jithesh M
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Airway Narrowing ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Stage 1

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing, which is progressive and is not fully reversible. COPD includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Symptoms of COPD are well explained in Ayurveda in the context of Kasa and Swasa among which chronic bronchitis can be better correlated to Vataja and Kaphaja kasa and emphysema to Tamaka swasa. COPD is characterized by mucous hyper secretion, airway narrowing, fibrosis and destruction of lung parenchyma. Even though the existing conventional management is excellent, Ayurveda provides additional benefits such as improvement in quality of life. The study drug Hareetakyadi yoga is mentioned in Prakarana of kasa in Chikitsa manjari. The objective of the study was to evaluate the Effect of Hareetakyadi yoga in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. The Study includes 10 subjects of age group 40-70 years of both gender, diagnosed clinically and as per investigations satisfying COPD, stage 1 & 2 as per GOLD criteria of spirometry attending department of Kayachikitsa, Government Ayurveda College, Thiruvananthapuram. A protocol from Deepana to Virechana were done as preparatory phase before administering drug. Hareetakyadi yoga having the properties of Kapha vata hara, Agni deepana and Rasayana property seems to be effective in the management of this disease.

scholarly journals Roles of Mesenchymal Cells in the Lung: From Lung Development to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3467
Author(s):  
Amel Nasri ◽  
Florent Foisset ◽  
Engi Ahmed ◽  
Zakaria Lahmar ◽  
Isabelle Vachier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Development ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Mesenchymal Cells ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Multilineage Differentiation ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Regeneration

Mesenchymal cells are an essential cell type because of their role in tissue support, their multilineage differentiation capacities and their potential clinical applications. They play a crucial role during lung development by interacting with airway epithelium, and also during lung regeneration and remodeling after injury. However, much less is known about their function in lung disease. In this review, we discuss the origins of mesenchymal cells during lung development, their crosstalk with the epithelium, and their role in lung diseases, particularly in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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