scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Kazakhstani and European Approaches for the Design of Shallow Foundations

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2920
Author(s):  
Assel Shaldykova ◽  
Sung-Woo Moon ◽  
Jong Kim ◽  
Deuckhang Lee ◽  
Taeseo Ku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Summation Method ◽  
Shallow Foundations ◽  
Shallow Foundation ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Elastic Settlement ◽  
Geotechnical Design ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Design Calculations

The design of shallow foundations is performed in accordance with different building regulations depending on geotechnical and geological conditions. This paper involves the design calculations applying Kazakhstani and European approaches. The design of shallow foundations in Nur-Sultan city in Kazakhstan was implemented by the calculation of bearing capacity and elastic settlement in accordance with the design procedures provided in SP RK 5.01-102-2013: Foundations of buildings and structures, and Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design. The calculated results of bearing capacity and elastic settlement for two types of shallow foundations, such as pad foundation and strip foundation, adhering to Kazakhstani and European approaches are relatively comparable. However, the European approach provided higher values of bearing capacity and elastic settlement for the designed shallow foundation compared to the Kazakhstani approach. The difference in the results is explained by the application of different values of partial factors of safety for the determination of bearing capacity and different methods for the calculation of the elastic settlement of shallow foundations (i.e., elasticity theory and layer summation method).

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Kazakhstani and European Design Specifications: Raft Foundation, Pile Foundation, and Piled Raft Foundation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3099
Author(s):  
Assel Zhanabayeva ◽  
Nazerke Sagidullina ◽  
Jong Kim ◽  
Alfrendo Satyanaga ◽  
Deuckhang Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Piled Raft ◽  
Codes Of Practice ◽  
Piled Raft Foundation ◽  
Raft Foundation ◽  
Eurocode 7 ◽  
Elastic Settlement ◽  
Geotechnical Design ◽  
The Difference

The introduction of Eurocode in Kazakhstan allows for the application of modern technological innovations and the elimination of technical barriers for the realization of international projects. It is significant to study the international standards and design requirements provided in Eurocode. This study presents a comparative analysis of Kazakhstani and European approaches for the geotechnical design of foundations and provides the design methods in the considered codes of practice. Three different types of foundations (i.e., raft, pile, and piled raft foundations) were designed following SP RK 5.01-102-2013—Foundations of buildings and structures, SP RK 5.01-103-2013—Pile foundations, and Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design for the Nur-Sultan soil profile. For all three types of foundations, the calculated results of bearing resistance and elastic settlement showed the conservativeness of Eurocode over SNiP-based Kazakhstani building regulations, as the values of bearing resistance and elastic settlement adhering to Kazakhstani code exceeded the Eurocode values. The difference between the obtained results can be explained by the application of higher values of partial safety factors by Eurocode 7. Sensitivity analysis of the bearing resistance on foundation parameters (i.e., raft foundation width and pile length) for the Kazakhstani and European approaches was performed to support the conclusions of the study.

scholarly journals Influence of a Thin Horizontal Weak Layer on the Mechanical Behaviour of Shallow Foundations Resting on Sand

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Maurizio Ziccarelli ◽  
Marco Rosone
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
Ultimate Bearing Capacity ◽  
Shallow Foundations ◽  
Foundation Soil ◽  
Weak Layer ◽  
Geotechnical System ◽  
The Difference

The presence of minor details of the ground, including soil or rock masses, occurs more frequently than what is normally believed. Thin weak layers, shear bands, and slickensided surfaces can substantially affect the behaviour of foundations, as well as that of other geostructures. In fact, they can affect the failure mechanisms, the ultimate bearing capacity of footings, and the safety factor of the geotechnical system. In this research, numerically conducted through Finite Element Code Plaxis 2D, the influence of a horizontal thin weak layer on the mechanical behaviour of shallow footings was evaluated. The obtained results prove that the weak layer strongly influences both the failure mechanism and the ultimate bearing capacity if its depth is lower than two to four times the footing width. In fact, under these circumstances, the failure mechanisms are always mixtilinear in shape because the shear strains largely develop on the weak layer. However, the reduction in the ultimate bearing capacity is a function of the difference between the shear strength of the foundation soil and the layer. The presence of a thin weak layer decreases the ultimate bearing capacity up to 90%. In conclusion, this research suggests that particular attention must be paid during detailed ground investigations to find thin weak layers. Based on the obtained results, it is convenient to increase the soil volume investigation to a depth equal to four times the width of the foundation.

Nomographs for predicting allowable bearing capacity and elastic settlement of shallow foundation on granular soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maher Omar ◽  
Abdallah Shanableh ◽  
Khaled Hamad ◽  
Ali Tahmaz ◽  
Mohamed G. Arab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Shallow Foundation ◽  
Granular Soil ◽  
Allowable Bearing Capacity ◽  
Elastic Settlement

Ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundations on sand with geogrid reinforcement

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T. Omar ◽  
B.M. Das ◽  
V.K. Puri ◽  
S.C. Yen
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Model Test ◽  
Ultimate Bearing Capacity ◽  
Shallow Foundations ◽  
Shallow Foundation ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Critical Depth ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Laboratory Model Test

Laboratory model test results for the ultimate bearing capacity of strip and square foundations supported by sand reinforced with geogrid layers have been presented. Based on the model test results, the critical depth of reinforcement and the dimensions of the geogrid layers for mobilizing the maximum bearing-capacity ratio have been determined and compared. Key words : bearing capacity, geogrid, model test, reinforced sand, shallow foundation.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF SHALLOW FOUNDATION SOIL BEARING CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF MINNA CITY CENTRE DEVELOPMENT SITE USING PLAXIS 2D SOFTWARE AND EMPIRICAL FORMULATIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-670
Author(s):  
AB Salahudeen ◽  
JA Sadeeq
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Shallow Foundations ◽  
Shallow Foundation ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Foundation Soil ◽  
Development Site ◽  
Allowable Bearing Pressure

This study investigated the soil bearing capacity and foundation settlement characteristics of Minna City Centre development site using standard penetration test (SPT) data obtained from10 SPT boreholes at 0.6, 2.1 and 3.6 m depths to correlate soil properties. Evaluation of foundation bearing capacity and settlement characteristics for geotechnical preliminary design of foundations was carried out using some conventional empirical/analytical models and numerical modelling. The aim was to investigate and determine the geotechnical parameters required for adequate design of Physical structures of the proposed Minna City Centre, at Minna the capital of Niger state. The SPT N-values were corrected to the standard average energy of 60% (N60) before the soil properties were evaluated. Using the corrected N-values, allowable bearing pressure and elastic settlement of shallow foundations were predicted at 50 kN/m2 applied foundation pressure. The numerical analysis results using Plaxis 2D, a finite element code, shows the analytical/empirical methods of estimating the allowable bearing pressure and settlements of shallow foundations that provided acceptable results. Results obtained show that an average bearing capacity value of 100 – 250 kN/m2 can be used for shallow foundations with embedment of 0.6 to 3.6 m on the site.  http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i3.1

Comparison of limits states design methods for bearing capacity of shallow foundations

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
L D Baikie
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Shallow Foundations ◽  
Limit States ◽  
The Difference

A comparison is made between several limit states design methods for the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. It is found that the main reason for the difference between the methods is the variation in the load factors.Key words: limit states design, shallow foundations, sand, clay.

scholarly journals Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Structures under Wind and Earthquake Using Different Design Methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Al-Soudani ◽  
◽  
Aamer Najim Abbas ◽  
Hesham A. Numan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Structural Stability ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
European American ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Wind Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Design Calculations

The effect of wind and earthquake on the structures can be specified briefly by the effect of horizontal forces act on structures varied in its value and direction depending on the location and the distance from the sea in case of wind load and the seismic activity of the region in case of an earthquake. These horizontal forces conflict in concept with the structural stability of the structure. Most of the designer engineers adopted the vertical forces only in design calculations and neglecting the horizontal forces based on the opinion that the horizontal forces are not effective. This design concept is wrong, thus it is necessary to take into consideration the effect of these horizontal forces on structures, especially there are a number of earthquakes took placed in different places of Iraq. So, it is necessary for dealing seriously with design calculations according to local and international common codes. This investigation presents a review for the design procedures of different codes, solved design examples according to different local and international codes, the difference in design between the horizontal and vertical forces and the methods to minimize the effect of wind and earthquake on structures. Data of 12 floors symmetrical building were adopted in seismic and wind analysis. The results of SAP2000 were compared with international common codes such as European, American, Brazilian, Italian and Romanian codes. The results of calculations revealed that there are some variations in the analysis of different codes. Romanian code is more conservative in calculating the lateral displacement and forces, while Italian code was low conservative.

Reliability evaluation of shallow foundation bearing capacity on c' ϕ' soils

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Cherubini
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Reliability Evaluation ◽  
Shallow Foundations ◽  
Shallow Foundation ◽  
Probabilistic Methods ◽  
Deterministic Models ◽  
Modus Operandi

As our understanding of soils has been steadily improving, the characteristics of its variability can now be highlighted. This has practically changed our geotechnical modus operandi from strictly deterministic models to semiprobabilistic or even strictly probabilistic models. The latter are still to be regarded as experimental and cannot, for the time being, be used routinely in practical working applications. However, the ongoing, continued research and study of these methods combine to develop their worth and bring out any drawbacks. This paper proposes a possible application of probabilistic methods to the study of shallow foundations reliability with respect to their bearing capacity. The study concerns a foundation on a soil characterized by effective cohesion c' and friction angle ϕ', considering possible values of correlation coefficients between them and taking into account the effects of vertical fluctuation scale. The results show that higher reliability indexes are found when correlations between c' and ϕ' are negative and when the fluctuation scale has a minimum value.Key words: reliability, bearing capacity, shallow foundations, friction angle, cohesion.

A closed-form probabilistic solution for evaluating the bearing capacity of shallow foundations

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cherubini
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Closed Form ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Form Solution ◽  
Shallow Foundations ◽  
Shallow Foundation ◽  
Probabilistic Evaluation ◽  
Allowable Bearing Capacity ◽  
Probabilistic Solution

A closed-form solution for the probabilistic evaluation of shallow foundation bearing capacity according to the model proposed by Terzaghi, as modified by Krizek, is described. A numerical example explains the method of computation. Key words: statistics, probability, ultimate bearing capacity, allowable bearing capacity, shallow foundations, friction angle, numerical methods.

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