Efficacy of Virtual Reality in Painting Art Exhibitions Appreciation

Virtual reality (VR) technology has been employed in a wide range of fields, from entertainment to medicine and engineering. Advances in VR also provide new opportunities in art exhibitions. This study discusses the experience of art appreciation through desktop virtual reality (Desktop VR) or head-mounted display virtual reality (HMD VR) and compares it with appreciating a physical painting. Seventy-eight university students participated in the study. According to the findings of this study, painting evaluation and the emotions expressed during the appreciation show no significant difference under these three conditions, indicating that the participants believe that paintings, regardless of whether they are viewed through VR, are similar. Owing to the limitation of the operation, the participants considered HMD VR to be a tool that hinders free appreciation of paintings. In addition, attention should be paid to the proper projected size of words and paintings for better reading and viewing. The above indicates that through digital technology, we can shorten the gap between a virtual painting and a physical one; however, we must still improve the design of object size and the interaction in the VR context so that a virtual exhibition can be as impressive as a physical one.

Download Full-text

A Constructivist Desktop Virtual Reality-Based Approach to Learning in a Higher Education Institution

Emerging Technologies in Virtual Learning Environments - Advances in Educational Technologies and Instructional Design ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-7987-8.ch013 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 258-283

Author(s):

Serpil Meri-Yilan

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Learning Environment ◽

Language Learning ◽

Education Institution ◽

Constructivist Approach ◽

Approach To Learning ◽

Desktop Virtual Reality ◽

High System ◽

Learner Differences ◽

Desktop Vr

Virtual reality (VR) technology has recently started shaping learning, especially language learning, with the aim of immersing learners into a VR learning environment. However, because of the high system cost of fully immersive VR, desktop VR has been implemented and preferred in educational settings. Based on a constructivist approach, desktop VR has drawn attention to the need for learner autonomy and an authentic VR learning environment. Therefore, this chapter describes empirical research on desktop VR-based learning using a constructivist approach. The research examined university students' interaction and perceptions of learning in this kind of learning environment. Based on the empirical findings gathered from observations and interviews, this chapter has aimed to discuss not only the issues observed both in previous studies and in this chapter, but also additional issues such as scaffolding, self-paced learning, collaboration, and learner differences in order for learning to occur in a well-designed desktop VR learning environment.

Download Full-text

Wired to Exit: Exploring the Effects of Wayfinding Affordances in Underground Facilities Using Virtual Reality

Simulation & Gaming ◽

10.1177/1046878120944567 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 104687812094456

Author(s):

Panos Kostakos ◽

Paula Alavesa ◽

Mikko Korkiakoski ◽

Mario Monteiro Marques ◽

Victor Lobo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Control Group ◽

Head Mounted Display ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Parking Lot ◽

Biometric Measurements ◽

Physiological Outcomes ◽

High Level ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Level Effect

Background Wayfinding has been adopted in several intense evacuation and navigation simulations; however, the use of biometric measurements for characterizing physiological outcomes has been somewhat overlooked and applied only under limited laboratory conditions. Methods Twenty-four participants took part in a virtual reality (VR) experiment using a wayfinding installation with the Oculus Rift S head-mounted display (HMD). They were immersed in a simulation of a burning underground parking lot and tasked to navigate to the exit. The purpose of this research was to investigate the high-level effect of wayfinding assistive lights on behavioral, physiological, and psychological outcomes. Participants were split into two groups: the control group was exposed to a scene without assistive lights, and the experimental group was exposed to the same scene with assistive lights. Results Results indicate there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in traveled distance, pauses, turns, or game completion time. Curiously, differences between the two groups in heart rate (HR) outcomes were found to be statistically significant, with subjects in the control group displaying an increasing HR trend during simulation. Conclusions This finding, in accordance with previous studies that have shown the efficacy of landmarks and wayfinding affordances in reducing cognitive demands, suggests that assistive lights might contribute to improved brain wiring connectivity during the game. We discuss these findings in the context of a rich wayfinding affordances literature.

Download Full-text

Overview: Virtual Reality in Medicine

Journal of Virtual Worlds Research ◽

10.4101/jvwr.v7i1.6364 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Claudio Pensieri ◽

Maddalena Pennacchini

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Second Life ◽

Surgical Simulation ◽

3D Visualization ◽

Economic Value ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Communication Interface ◽

Head Mounted Display ◽

Wide Range ◽

Interactive 3D

Background: Virtual Reality (VR) was defined as a collection of technological devices: “a computer capable of interactive 3D visualization, a head-mounted display and data gloves equipped with one or more position trackers”. Today, lots of scientists define VR as a simulation of the real world based on computer graphics, a three dimensional world in which communities of real people interact, create content, items and services, producing real economic value through e-Commerce.Objective: To report the results of a systematic review of articles and reviews published about the theme: “Virtual Reality in Medicine”.Methods: We used the search query string: “Virtual Reality”, “Metaverse”, “Second Life”, “Virtual World”, “Virtual Life” in order to find out how many articles were written about these themes. For the “Meta-review” we used only “Virtual Reality” AND “Review”. We searched the following databases: Psycinfo, Journal of Medical Internet Research, Isiknowledge till September 2011 and Pubmed till February 2012. We included any source published in either print format or on the Internet, available in all languages, and containing texts that define or attempt to define VR in explicit terms.Results: We retrieved 3,443 articles on Pubmed in 2012 and 8,237 on Isiknowledge in 2011. This large number of articles covered a wide range of themes, but showed no clear consensus about VR. We identified 4 general uses of VR in Medicine, and searched for the existing reviews about them. We found 364 reviews in 2011, although only 197 were pertinent to our aims: 1. Communication Interface (11 Reviews); 2. Medical Education (49 reviews); 3. Surgical Simulation (49 Reviews) and 4. Psychotherapy (88 Reviews).Conclusion: We found a large number of articles, but no clear consensus about the meaning of the term VR in Medicine. We found numerous articles published on these topics and many of them have been reviewed. We decided to group these reviews in 4 areas in order to provide a systematic overview of the subject matter, and to enable those interested to learn more about these particular topics.

Download Full-text

Lessons Learned From Immersive and Desktop VR Training of Mines Rescuers

Frontiers in Virtual Reality ◽

10.3389/frvir.2021.627333 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Shiva Pedram ◽

Richard Skarbez ◽

Stephen Palmisano ◽

Matthew Farrelly ◽

Pascal Perez

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Learning Context ◽

Desktop Virtual Reality ◽

Learning Content ◽

Collective Decisions ◽

Vr Training ◽

Components Analysis ◽

Desktop Vr

This paper discusses results from two successive rounds of virtual mines rescue training. The first round was conducted in a surround projection environment (360-VR), and the second round was conducted in desktop virtual reality (Desktop-VR). In the 360-VR condition, trainees participated as groups, making collective decisions. In the Desktop-VR condition, trainees could control their avatars individually. Overall, 372 participants took part in this study, including 284 mines rescuers who took part in 360-VR, and 243 in Desktop-VR. (155 rescuers experienced both.) Each rescuer who trained in 360-VR completed a battery of pre- and post-training questionnaires. Those who attended the Desktop-VR session only completed the post-training questionnaire. We performed principal components analysis on the questionnaire data, followed by a multiple regression analysis, the results of which suggest that the chief factor contributing to positive learning outcome was Learning Context, which extracted information about the quality of the learning content, the trainers, and their feedback. Subjective feedback from the Desktop-VR participants indicated that they preferred Desktop-VR to 360-VR for this training activity, which highlights the importance of choosing an appropriate platform for training applications, and links back to the importance of Learning Context. Overall, we conclude the following: 1) it is possible to train effectively using a variety of technologies but technology that is well-suited to the training task is more useful than technology that is “more advanced,” and 2) factors that have always been important in training, such as the quality of human trainers, remain critical for virtual reality training.

Download Full-text

A Subjective Study on User Perception Aspects in Virtual Reality

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9163384 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (16) ◽

pp. 3384 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Huyen T. T. Tran ◽

Nam P. Ngoc ◽

Cuong T. Pham ◽

Yong Ju Jung ◽

Truong Cong Thang

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Perceptual Quality ◽

Affecting Factors ◽

Head Mounted Display ◽

Number Of Factors ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Subjective Experiment ◽

The Difference ◽

Subjective Study

Three hundred and sixty degree video is becoming more and more popular on the Internet. By using a Head-Mounted Display, 360-degree video can render a Virtual Reality (VR) environment. However, it is still a big challenge to understand Quality of Experience (QoE) of 360-degree video since user experience during watching 360-degree video is a very complex phenomenon. In this paper, we aim to investigate four QoE aspects of 360-degree video, namely, perceptual quality, presence, cybersickness, and acceptability. In addition, four key QoE-affecting factors of encoding parameters, content motion, rendering device, and rendering mode are considered in our study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that covers a large number of factors and QoE aspects of 360-degree video. In this study, a subjective experiment is conducted using 60 video versions generated from three original 360-degree videos. Based on statistical analysis of the obtained results, various findings on the impacts of the factors on the QoE aspects are provided. In particular, regarding the impacts of encoding parameters, it is found that the difference of QoE is negligible between video versions encoded at 4 K and 2.5 K resolutions. Also, it is suggested that 360-degree video should not be encoded at HD resolution or lower when watching in VR mode using Head Mounted Display. In addition, the bitrate for good QoE varies widely across different video contents. With respect to the content motion factor, its impact is statistically significant on the perceptual quality, presence, and cybersickness. In a comparison of two rendering device sets used in this study, there is no statistically significant difference found for the acceptability and cybersickness. However, the differences of the perceptual quality and presence are indicated to be statistically significant. Regarding the rendering mode, a comparison between VR and non-VR modes is also conducted. Although the non-VR mode always achieves higher perceptual quality scores and higher acceptability rates, more than a half of the viewers prefer the VR mode to the non-VR mode when watching versions encoded at the resolutions of fHD or higher. By contrast, the non-VR mode is preferred at the HD resolution.

Download Full-text

I walk, therefore I am: a multidimensional study on the influence of the locomotion method upon presence in virtual reality

Journal of Computational Design and Engineering ◽

10.1093/jcde/qwaa040 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 577-590

Author(s):

José L Soler-Domínguez ◽

Carla de Juan ◽

Manuel Contero ◽

Mariano Alcañiz

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Electrodermal Activity ◽

Objective Measure ◽

Sense Of Presence ◽

Wide Range ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Head Bobbing ◽

Controversial Topic ◽

Being There ◽

First Time

Abstract A defining virtual reality (VR) metric is the sense of presence, a complex, multidimensional psychophysical construct that represents how intense is the sensation of actually being there, inside the virtual environment (VE), forgetting how technology mediates the experience. Our paper explores how locomotion influences presence, studying two different ways of artificial movement along the VE: walking-in-place (through head bobbing detection) and indirect walking (through touchpad). To evaluate that influence, a narrative-neutral maze was created, from where 41 participants (N=41) had to escape. Measuring presence is a controversial topic since there is not a single, objective measure but a wide range of metrics depending on the different theoretical basis. For this reason, we have used for the first time, representative metrics from all three traditional dimensions of presence: subjective presence (SP) (self-reported through questionnaires), behavioral presence (BP) (obtained from unconscious reactions while inside the VE), and physiological presence (PP) [usually measured using heart rate or electrodermal activity (EDA)]. SP was measured with the ITC-SOPI questionnaire, BP by collecting the participants’ reactions, and PP by using a bracelet that registered EDA. The results show two main findings: (i) There is no correlation between the different presence metrics. This opens the door to a simpler way of measuring presence in an objective, reliable way. (ii) There is no significant difference between the two locomotion techniques for any of the three metrics, which shows that the authenticity of VR does not rely on how you move within the VE.

Download Full-text

Desktop Virtual Reality Applications for Training Personnel of Small Businesses

Virtual Communities ◽

10.4018/978-1-60960-100-3.ch311 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 837-856 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Miguel A. Garcia-Ruiz ◽

Arthur Edwards ◽

Raul Aquino-Santos ◽

Samir El-Seoud ◽

Miguel Vargas Martin

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Second Life ◽

Small Businesses ◽

Past Research ◽

International Markets ◽

Technical Training ◽

Future Trends ◽

Desktop Virtual Reality ◽

Competency Based ◽

Desktop Vr

Small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) in most world economies suffer from a series of intense economic pressures from local, regional and international markets. Although these problems are microeconomic to the small and medium-sized business, they are directly related to macro economic factors, particularly in the case of labor. One of the main pressures small and medium-sized businesses suffer from is the lack of worker technical skills. Past research has consistently shown that virtual reality (VR) can be effective for supporting competency-based training skills. The objective of this chapter is to provide an overview on how virtual reality can be used to support technical training in SMBs, including the use of Second Life and DIVE VR platforms. This chapter describes a desktop VR Application for training car mechanics from a small business and highlights advantages and challenges of desktop virtual reality for technical training. Finally, future trends related to the use of VR in training are discussed.

Download Full-text

Egocentric Distance Perception: A Comparative Study Investigating Differences Between Real and Virtual Environments

Perception ◽

10.1177/0301006620951997 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (9) ◽

pp. 940-967

Author(s):

Ilja T. Feldstein ◽

Felix M. Kölsch ◽

Robert Konrad

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Virtual Environments ◽

Distance Perception ◽

Ecological Validity ◽

Virtual Space ◽

Egocentric Distance ◽

The Real ◽

Head Mounted Display ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Depth Analysis

Virtual reality systems are a popular tool in behavioral sciences. The participants’ behavior is, however, a response to cognitively processed stimuli. Consequently, researchers must ensure that virtually perceived stimuli resemble those present in the real world to ensure the ecological validity of collected findings. Our article provides a literature review relating to distance perception in virtual reality. Furthermore, we present a new study that compares verbal distance estimates within real and virtual environments. The virtual space—a replica of a real outdoor area—was displayed using a state-of-the-art head-mounted display. Investigated distances ranged from 8 to 13 m. Overall, the results show no significant difference between egocentric distance estimates in real and virtual environments. However, a more in-depth analysis suggests that the order in which participants were exposed to the two environments may affect the outcome. Furthermore, the study suggests that a rising experience of immersion leads to an alignment of the estimated virtual distances with the real ones. The results also show that the discrepancy between estimates of real and virtual distances increases with the incongruity between virtual and actual eye heights, demonstrating the importance of an accurately set virtual eye height.

Download Full-text

Cyber sickness in low-immersive, semi-immersive, and fully immersive virtual reality

Virtual Reality ◽

10.1007/s10055-021-00507-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sergo Martirosov ◽

Marek Bureš ◽

Tomáš Zítka

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Virtual World ◽

Control Group ◽

Head Mounted Display ◽

Sense Of Presence ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Post Test ◽

Immersive Environment ◽

Grooved Pegboard Test

AbstractIt is known that virtual reality (VR) experience may cause cyber sickness. One aspect of VR is an immersion or otherwise sense of presence, the sense of feeling oneself in a virtual world. In this paper an experiment which was conducted in order to find the link between level of immersion and cyber sickness felt by participants is presented. Eighty-nine participants aged between 19 and 36 years have been equally divided into four groups with different level of VR immersion. The low-immersive group was represented by PC with monoscopic screen, the semi-immersive group was represented by CAVE with stereoscopic projector, the fully immersive group was represented by VR head-mounted display, and the last group was the control group without any kind of immersion. The task for the participants was to navigate through the maze for a specified amount of time (10 min). The Simulator Sickness Questionnaire was used as a subjective measure tool for cyber sickness level and Grooved Pegboard Test for assessing the fine dexterity, both before and after the experiment. Regarding the time spend in VR the fully immersive environment had the biggest problems as more than half of the participants had to stop before 10 min (p < 0.001). Concerning the cyber sickness, the significant increase in nausea score between pre-test and post-test scores has been observed in semi-immersive group (p = 0.0018) and fully immersive group (p < 0.0001). The increase in oculomotor score was smaller. The significant difference was noted only in fully immersive group (p = 0.0449). In spite of great nausea factor after the VR immersion the participants did not show a decrease of fine dexterity in any group (p < 0.001).

Download Full-text