Study on the Curing Process of Silver Paste of Heterojunction Solar Cells Using Response Surface Methodology

Adhesion strength is of great importance for silver paste of heterojunction solar cells (HJT silver paste). It has a close relation with the curing system, as well as the curing process or curing conditions of the paste. The interactions among all the curing conditions such as curing time (t, min), treatment temperature (T, °C), and curing agent dosage (m, wt%) are obviously complex and hard to analyze. Response surface methodology (RSM) is used to research the interactions among t, T, and m and to optimize the curing process. The results of this study indicate that an increase of curing time and treatment temperature both had a positive effect on adhesion strength. The effect of curing time is more obvious under a lower treatment temperature. 41 wt%, 199 °C, and 44 min were determined as the optimum process conditions. The quadratic model predictions fitted well with the experimental data with a deviation less than 3%. The FTIR results indicated that there were both addition and esterification processes in the reaction of E51 and ring-open MeTHPA. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the silver paste formed a dense interconnected network and provided a continuous pathway for current carrier transmission. This research demonstrated the effectiveness of the E51-MeTHPA system for HJT silver paste and the superiority of RSM in studying the curing process of silver paste.

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Design and Optimization of the Antireflective Coating Properties of Silicon Solar Cells by Using Response Surface Methodology

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11060721 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 721

Author(s):

Yahia F. Makableh ◽

Hani Alzubi ◽

Ghassan Tashtoush

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Solar Cells ◽

Response Surface ◽

Zno Nanoparticles ◽

Visible Spectral Range ◽

Silicon Solar Cells ◽

Antireflective Coating ◽

Antireflective Coatings ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanostructures ◽

Design And Optimization

The design and optimization of a nanostructured antireflective coatings for Si solar cells were performed by using response surface methodology (RSM). RSM was employed to investigate the effect on the overall optical performance of silicon solar cells coated with three different nanoparticle materials of titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, and zinc oxide nanostructures. Central composite design was used for the optimization of the reflectance process and to study the main effects and interactions between the three process variables: nanomaterial type, the radius of nanoparticles, and wavelength of visible light. In this theoretical study, COMSOL Multiphysics was utilized to design the structures by using the wave optics module. The optical properties of the solar cell’s substrate and the three different nanomaterial types were studied. The results indicated that ZnO nanoparticles were the best antireflective coating candidate for Si, as the ZnO nanoparticles produced the lowest reflection values among the three nanomaterial types. The study reveals that the optimum conditions to reach minimum surface reflections for silicon solar cell were established by using ZnO nanoparticles with a radius of ~38 nm. On average, the reflectance reached ~5.5% along the visible spectral range, and approximately zero reflectance in the 550–600 nm range.

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Evaluation of the Effects of Copper Electroplating Parameters on the Adhesion Using Response Surface Methodology

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.864.121 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 864 ◽

pp. 121-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Farag I. Haider ◽

Suryanto ◽

Mohd Hanafi Ani ◽

M.H. Mahmood

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Adhesion Strength ◽

Stainless Steel Substrate ◽

Steel Substrate ◽

Slight Effect ◽

Substrate Adhesion ◽

Copper Electroplating ◽

Current Densities ◽

Scanning Electron

In this paper, response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized for the experiment design of CuSO4 and H2SO4 concentrations and current densities. RSM was also used to evaluate the significance of each parameter and its interaction on the adhesion strength of austenitic stainless steel substrate. Adhesion strength was investigated by a Teer ST-30 tester, and the structure of the samples investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that increasing the concentration of CuSO4 and decreasing theat of H2SO4 strengthens adhesion. Conversely, the current density only has a slight effect.

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Optimization of anthocyanin extraction parameters from M. malabathricum via response surface methodology to produce natural sensitizer for dye sensitized solar cells

Optical and Quantum Electronics ◽

10.1007/s11082-019-2139-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N. Aziz ◽

N. A. Mat Nor ◽

A. K. Arof

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Solar Cells ◽

Response Surface ◽

Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽

Dye Sensitized ◽

Extraction Parameters ◽

Sensitized Solar Cells ◽

Natural Sensitizer

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Optimization of Adhesion Strength and Microstructure Properties by Using Response Surface Methodology in Enhancing the Rice Husk Ash-Based Geopolymer Composite Coating

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12112709 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 2709

Author(s):

Mohd Salahuddin Mohd Basri ◽

Faizal Mustapha ◽

Norkhairunnisa Mazlan ◽

Mohd Ridzwan Ishak

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Composite Coating ◽

Adhesion Strength ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Rice Husk Ash ◽

Offshore Structures ◽

Interfacial Bonding ◽

Curing Temperature ◽

High Adhesion

As a result of their significant importance and applications in vast areas, including oil and gas, building construction, offshore structures, ships, and bridges, coating materials are regularly exposed to harsh environments which leads to coating delamination. Therefore, optimum interfacial bonding between coating and substrate, and the reason behind excellent adhesion strength is of utmost importance. However, the majority of studies on polymer coatings have used a one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach. The main objective of this study was to implement statistical analysis in optimizing the factors to provide the optimum adhesion strength and to study the microstructure of a rice husk ash (RHA)-based geopolymer composite coating (GCC). Response surface methodology was used to design experiments and perform analyses. RHA/alkali activated (AA) ratio and curing temperature were chosen as factors. Adhesion tests were carried out using an Elcometer and a scanning electron microscope was used to observe the microstructure. Results showed that an optimum adhesion strength of 4.7 MPa could be achieved with the combination of RHA/AA ratio of 0.25 and curing temperature at 75 °C. The microstructure analysis revealed that coating with high adhesion strength had good interfacial bonding with the substrate. This coating had good wetting ability in which the coating penetrated the valleys of the profiles, thus wetting the entire substrate surface. A large portion of dense gel matrix also contributed to the high adhesion strength. Conversely, a large quantity of unreacted or partially reacted particles may result in low adhesion strength.

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Low-temperature sintering properties of the screen-printed silver paste for a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction solar cells

Journal of Materials Science Materials in Electronics ◽

10.1007/s10854-014-1925-z ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 2657-2664 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Dongpo Chen ◽

Lei Zhao ◽

Hongwei Diao ◽

Wenbin Zhang ◽

Ge Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Low Temperature Sintering ◽

Silver Paste ◽

Heterojunction Solar Cells ◽

Sintering Properties ◽

Screen Printed

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Effects of Post-Curing Time on the Mechanical and Color Properties of Three-Dimensional Printed Crown and Bridge Materials

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12112762 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 2762

Author(s):

Dohyun Kim ◽

Ji-Suk Shim ◽

Dasun Lee ◽

Seung-Ho Shin ◽

Na-Eun Nam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vickers Hardness ◽

Color Change ◽

Clinical Performance ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Degree Of Conversion ◽

Curing Process ◽

Curing Time ◽

Color Tone ◽

Curing Conditions ◽

3D Printed

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is increasingly being utilized in the dental field. After fabricating a prosthesis using a 3D printed resin, a post-curing process is required to improve its mechanical properties, but there has been insufficient research on the optimal post-curing conditions. We used various 3D printed crown and bridge materials in this study, and evaluated the changes in their properties according to post-curing time by evaluating the flexural strength, Weibull modulus, Vickers hardness, color change, degree of conversion, and biocompatibility. The obtained results confirmed that the strength of the 3D printed resin increased when it was post-cured for 60–90 min. The Vickers hardness, the degree of conversion, and biocompatibility of the 3D printed resins increased significantly around the beginning of the post-curing time, and then increased more gradually as the post-curing time increased further. It was observed that the color tone also changed as the post-curing time increased, with some groups showing a ΔE00 value of ≥ 2.25, which can be recognized clinically. This study has confirmed that, after the printing process of a 3D printed resin was completed, a sufficient post-curing time of at least 60 min is required to improve the overall clinical performance of the produced material.

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Modeling the growth of PECVD silicon nitride films for crystalline silicon solar cells using factorial design and response surface methodology

Conference Record of the Twenty Sixth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1997 ◽

10.1109/pvsc.1997.654049 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Nybergh ◽

T. Marjamaki ◽

E. Skarp

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Solar Cells ◽

Silicon Nitride ◽

Factorial Design ◽

Response Surface ◽

Crystalline Silicon ◽

Silicon Solar Cells ◽

Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells ◽

Silicon Nitride Films

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Optimization of the Uncooked Oratosquilla Oratoria Curing Process via Response Surface Methodology

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1793 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1073-1076 ◽

pp. 1793-1797

Author(s):

Qi Wei Mao ◽

Jun Rui Wu ◽

Xi Qing Yue

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Curing Temperature ◽

Curing Process ◽

Curing Time ◽

Optimal Process ◽

Curing Conditions ◽

Oratosquilla Oratoria ◽

Sensory Score ◽

Total Bacteria

Oratosquilla oratoria was the experimental raw materials in the paper. Design expert8.0.6 and Excel2007 was used to analyze the optimal process with the factors which were curing time, curing temperature, curing salt contention and the index which was the total bacteria. The pathogenic bacteria and sensory score under various curing conditions were determined simultaneously. After analyzing the significance of the various factors and interactions, the results showed the optimum curing conditions of oratosquilla oratoria were as follows: curing time 7.14h, curing temperature 14.34°C, curing salt contention 8.3%. Under this condition no pathogenic bacteria was detected and the sensory score was the highest.

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