scholarly journals Assessment of Crash Performance of an Automotive Component Made through Additive Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 9106
Author(s):  
Alessandro Borrelli ◽  
Giuseppe D’Errico ◽  
Corrado Borrelli ◽  
Roberto Citarella
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Frontal Impact ◽  
Automotive Component ◽  
Sled Test ◽  
Euro Ncap ◽  
Assessment Program ◽  
Automobile Accident ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters

The objective of this study was to apply an innovative technique to manufacture a plastic automotive component to reduce its weight and costs, and guarantee its design was safe. A frontal impact sled test was simulated, and the damages to the occupant’s legs were assessed, with specific reference to the dashboard’s glove box. The replacement of the current glove box with a new component fabricated using additive manufacturing was analyzed to evaluate its passive safety performance in the event of an automobile accident. The materials analyzed were polyamide and polypropylene, both reinforced with 5% basalt. The stiffness of the system was previously characterized by reproducing a subsystem test. Subsequently, the same rating test performed by the Euro NCAP (New Car Assessment Program) was reproduced numerically, and the main biomechanical parameters required by the Euro NCAP were estimated for both the current and the additive production of the component.

Research on High Crashworthiness Level Bridge Barrier with Limited Working Width

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 1521-1526
Author(s):  
Shu Ming Yan ◽  
Ning Jia ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Liang Ma ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Bridge Piers ◽  
Frontal Impact ◽  
Concrete Wall ◽  
Upper Deck ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Wall ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lower Deck

The distance between barriers of lower deck and bridge piers of upper deck is small in Luotang River Double-Deck Viaduct. And so impact accidents with barriers of lower deck will result in vehicle frontal impact with bridge piers of upper deck, which will cause serious consequences for the main structure of bridge. So it is necessary to design a special barrier for bridge pier protecting. A kind of composite barrier is put forward considering safety performance, landscape, economic and other factors. This barrier adopted impact resistant steel as upper part and reinforced concrete wall as lower part. The barrier safety performance was evaluated by means of computer simulation with simulation models checked through full-scale impact tests results. The analysis results indicate that this barrier can protect bus with impact energy of 520kJ, unit truck with 650kJ and tractor-trailer truck with 894kJ, far higher than the highest impact energy 520kJ in current standards, and the entire performance index can meet standard requirements. It can be sure that during the impact process the deformed barrier and incline-out vehicles cannot collide with bridge piers of upper deck.

Study on one Kind of Test Method of Simplified Side Impact Using Sled Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 301-303 ◽  
pp. 1249-1253
Author(s):  
Zhi Xin Liu ◽  
Lei Lou ◽  
Yun Sheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Safety Performance ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Velocity Pulse ◽  
Sled Test ◽  
Full Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Test

Frontal sled test is an important platform that widely employed to predict and assess changes in overall safety performance as vehicle structural and occupant restraint parameters are varied. In this paper, a characteristic door intrusion velocity pulse in side impact was analyzed and a set of side test jig was designed, which realized one kind of simplified side impact sled test method. Then we compared the injury values of the side impact dummy, the result showed that there existed good correlation between sled test and full-vehicle test.

API Process Safety Site Assessment Program PSSAP®: Significant Program Updates and Future Focus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin M. Frazier ◽  
Alexa S. Burr ◽  
Ryan D. Meng
Keyword(s):  
Good Practice ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Process Safety ◽  
Site Assessment ◽  
Assessment Program ◽  
Industry Standards

Abstract The American Petroleum Institute (API) and the U.S. oil and natural gas industry have long been committed to protecting the health and safety of our workers, contractors and neighbors. For more the 75 years, API has led the development of industry standards, sharing lessons learned as well as the establishment of training and certification programs. In recent years, despite safety improvements by the refining industry, incidents have increased attention on process safety by industry, governments, non-government organizations (NGOs), and the media. Recognizing these concerns, API and our memebrs are working collectively to improve or develop new programs improve process safety performance. As part of the industry's ongoing commitment, API, in collaboration with industry partners, has developed a Process Safety Site Assessment Program (PSSAP®), an assessment program focused on evaluating higher risk activities in a refining, petrochemical, or chemical facility. This program is intended to: Promote process safety performance improvement industry wide; Promote learnings from industry practices; Provide benchmarking through the consistent use of industry-developed good practice protocols; Serve as a feedback mechanism for an analysis of industry performance; and, Encourage safety collaboration among participating sites and industry experts. PSSAP benchmarking, a key aspect of the program, allows sites to judge their performance against that of their peers in a blinded fashion. In addition to this benchmarking, the consistent use of our good-practice protocols enables API to analyze where companies may still be working to improve. Taking that information, API has implemented other programs to assist industry in those areas. Further, it has allowed API to quantify PSSAP protocol scoring improvements across the industry, seeing positive momentum in benchmarking scoring across the life of the program. PSSAP® is also a primary resource to support API Energy Excellence® implementation. API Energy Excellence is another critical API program in which all API members commit to enhance the integrity of operations across the industry by applying standards, implementing workforce training programs, and participating in performance initiatives. Downstream and petrochemical operators can use these PSSAP protocols to help demonstrate conformance to their API Energy Excellence requirements. PSSAP® is flexible so that sites can tailor assessments to specific needs and operations. It provides options for smaller sites that do not have on-site internal assessment capabilities or do not think a full PSSAP General Assessment is warranted. It is intended that assessments focus on higher risk activities and includes an evaluation of both the quality of written programs at a site and the effectiveness of field implementation of those programs.

Environmental Engineering Quality Safety Management System for Manufacturing Concrete Roof

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 03-04
Author(s):  
Kính Trịnh
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Management System ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Product Liability ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Environmental Engineering ◽  
Safety Management System ◽  
Assessment Program ◽  
Liability Law ◽  
Environment Performance

The motivation behind this paper is to propose a coordinated administration arrangement of value, condition and wellbeing. The model depends on Product Liability Law, Industrial Standard for quality, Environment Performance Assessment Program for Environment Engineering, Industrial Standard for wellbeing, and Safety Performance Assessment Program. The model was planned and actualized in one of the greatest solid rooftop makers. The incorporated model at the contextual investigation is helpful as a rule to disposal of contentions between singular framework, essentially decrease of the inward reviewers and auditees' outstanding burden, just as production of new incentive in business.

Crashworthiness Determination of Side Doors and B Pillar of a Vehicle Subjected to Pole Side Impact

2014 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 552-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Lilehkoohi ◽  
A.A. Faieza ◽  
B.B. Sahari ◽  
A.A. Nuraini ◽  
M. Halali
Keyword(s):  
Impact Test ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Occupant Protection ◽  
Euro Ncap ◽  
Assessment Program ◽  
Static Object ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Crash Tests

Pole Side Impact Test is one out of three crash tests described by Euro NCAP standard for star rating of a vehicle and is required for assessing the Adult Occupant Protection. In this paper the goal is to determine the crashworthiness of side doors and B pillar in a Pole Side Impact Test based on Euro New Car Assessment Program (Euro-NCAP) using computer and simulation method. In this matter, a vehicle model has been prepared and meshed using Hypermesh and CATIA. The velocity of 29 km/h has been assigned to the vehicle which was on top of a cart while the pole has been assigned as a rigid static object based on Euro NCAP requirements specifically. Results show that different amounts of energy will be absorbed by each part, such as the side doors and the B pillar, and each part has a different effect on the crashworthiness of the vehicle in a Pole Side Impact Test. It can be concluded that to increase the amount of absorbed energy in a Pole Side Impact Test, the part which has more influence should be taken into greater consideration.

Effects of Operating Speed and Traffic Flow on Severe and Fatal Crashes using the U.S. Road Assessment Program Methodology and Field Data Verification

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (11) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Fahmid Hossain ◽  
Juan C. Medina
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Operating Speed ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Assessment Program ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Fatal Crashes ◽  
Roadway Safety ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
The U.S

This paper explores the effects of operating speed and traffic flow on roadway safety in light of the methodology provided by the U.S. Road Assessment Program (usRAP). Unlike traditional approaches, usRAP produces a systemic expected roadway safety performance, more specifically the likelihood of being involved in a severe or a fatal crash, that is derived purely from roadway, roadside, and traffic characteristics, without need for detailed historical crash data. Data from over 7,000 mi of segments coded using the usRAP protocols and 5 years of crash data were used to examine changes in expected safety performance with changes in operating speed and traffic volumes. Speed and flow emerged as candidates for initial exploration as their effect is explicitly considered in the usRAP formulation for all crash types. The usRAP methodology indicated a gradual increase in the frequency of expected severe and fatal crashes with an increase in the operating speed, and such trends followed those observed in the field. Increase in traffic flow was generally associated to increase in severe and fatal crashes, but to a much smaller scale compared with the effect found for speed. Effects of traffic flow were more evident at smaller ranges, both in the field and in the usRAP results, with the safety effects diminishing and even reversing as the flow approached lane capacity. Crash data were examined using a risk ratio that considers the relative frequency of severe and fatal crashes to the exposure of a given segment group, as well as star rating scores and star ratings from usRAP outputs.

New Car Assessment Program for Southeast Asian Countries: Current Status and Future Developments

2014 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Hafzi Mohd Isa ◽  
Yahaya Ahmad ◽  
Khairil Anwar Abu Kassim ◽  
Wong Shaw Voon
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Euro Ncap ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Assessment Program ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

In line with the Vehicle Pillar of the United Nations Decade of Action for Global Road Safety 2011 2020 in elevating motor vehicle safety standards and encouraging a market for safer vehicles in the region, a new car assessment program for Southeast Asian countries (ASEAN NCAP) was recently established. During the first phase of the program, seven popular car models were selected and tested according to European New Car Assessment Program (Euro NCAP) protocol on offset frontal crash test. Thus, this paper reports the results for the completed phase along with the ratings for adult and child occupant protections. Future developments of this program as well as manufacturer responses are also discussed.

Study on an Integrated Child Safety Seat

2010 ◽  
Vol 34-35 ◽  
pp. 517-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Bo Cao ◽  
Huan Chen ◽  
Xi Juan Ren ◽  
Zhi Gao Ou Yang
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Rear Seat ◽  
Child Safety ◽  
Frontal Impact ◽  
Simulation Test ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Sled Test ◽  
Safety Seat

A new integrated child safety seat is presented in this paper. The seat is a two-mode seat for a motor vehicle cooperable with an adult seat belt assembly to provide two modes operation including an adult seat mode and a child seat mode. The seat locates in the center of the rear seat. The structure of the seat was designed in detail. The height of the booster of the seat can be adjusted continuously according to the seated shoulder height of the child passenger. The depth of booster cushion also can be changed according to the size of the passenger. The sled test with the seat was conducted. The seat simulation models with different booster heights were developed using MADYMO software and validated. Then, these models were used to study the performance of the seat in frontal impact. Some key parameters of the seat were studied in simulation test. The results of the test and simulation show that the seat can provide effective protection for the children aged from 3 to 10 years in frontal impact.

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