Analysis of Tongue Function from the Orthodontist’s Point of View: Not Only a Matter of Deglutition

Many studies report that maxillofacial growth is influenced by genetic and environmental elements and that incorrect breathing, chewing, sucking, and swallowing are promoting factors of malocclusion. This study aims to evaluate the function and the influence of the tongue positions in patients with Angle class III malocclusion, maxillary hypoplasia, and posterior crossbite. One hundred patients, aged between 6 and 12 years old, were enrolled for the study. In the first group, patients with a diagnosis of class III malocclusion, affected by maxillary hypoplasia, skeletal class III, and posterior dental crossbite were recruited. In the control group, not treated patients with no malocclusion, skeletal class I, and without posterior dental crossbite were selected. Regarding atypical deglutition, no statistical differences were reported between the two groups, and 14% of patients reported ankyloglossia. Statistical differences were found in tongue rest position and during the execution of “hold and pull” and “chuck” exercises. Results obtained in this observational study showed that the clinician (orthodontist or general dentist) should analyze the presence/absence of atypical swallowing, the anatomical and functional aspects, and the tongue behavior in the rest position.

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Analysis of MYO1H Gene Polymorphism in Skeletal Class-III Malocclusion Due to Mandibular Prognathism

Global Medical Genetics ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1731066 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anjana Atteeri ◽

Praveen Kumar Neela ◽

Pavan Kumar Mamillapalli ◽

Vasu M. Sesham ◽

Sreekanth Keesara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Local Population ◽

Research Work ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Genome Wide Association Studies ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Mandibular Prognathism ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background Mandibular prognathism (MP) is a craniofacial deformity resulting from the combined effects of environmental and genetic factors. Although various linkage and genome-wide association studies for mandibular prognathism have identified multiple strongly associated regions and genes, the causal genes and variants responsible for the deformity remained ambiguous. Aim This research work was aimed to study the association between polymorphism rs10850110 of the MYO1H gene and skeletal class-III malocclusion in our local population. Materials and Methods Thirty patients with skeletal class III due to mandibular prognathism in the study group and 30 patients with skeletal class I in the control group were selected for this study. These patients were from both sexes and above age 10 years. Based on the cephalometric values, patients were categorized into study and control groups. SNB (angle between sella, nasion and point B at nasion) greater than 82 degrees with an ANB (angle between point A, nasion and point B at nasion) of less than 0 degrees in the study group and ANB (angle between point A, nasion and point B at nasion) of 2 to 4 degrees in the control group were categorized. The polymorphism (rs10850110) of the MYO1H gene was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Associations were tested with SNP exact test using SNPstats software. Results The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs10850110 showed a statistically significant association with mandibular prognathism. The G allele of marker rs10850110 (5′ of myosin1H - MYO1H) was overrepresented when compared with the “A” allele in mandibular prognathism cases (p < 0.0001), and this was very significant. Conclusion These results suggest that the rs10850110 polymorphism of the MYO1H gene is associated with an increased risk for mandibular prognathism.

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Orthodontic camouflage of skeletal Class III malocclusion with miniplate: a case report

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2177-6709.21.4.089-098.oar ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 89-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marcel Marchiori Farret ◽

Milton M. Benitez Farret ◽

Alessandro Marchiori Farret

Keyword(s):

Orthognathic Surgery ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Lower Lip ◽

Facial Profile ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Mandibular Teeth ◽

One Year ◽

Angle Class Iii Malocclusion

ABSTRACT Introduction: Skeletal Class III malocclusion is often referred for orthodontic treatment combined with orthognathic surgery. However, with the aid of miniplates, some moderate discrepancies become feasible to be treated without surgery. Objective: To report the case of a 24-year-old man with severe skeletal Angle Class III malocclusion with anterior crossbite and a consequent concave facial profile. Methods: The patient refused to undergo orthognathic surgery; therefore, orthodontic camouflage treatment with the aid of miniplates placed on the mandibular arch was proposed. Results: After 18 months of treatment, a Class I molar and canine relationship was achieved, while anterior crossbite was corrected by retraction of mandibular teeth. The consequent decrease in lower lip fullness and increased exposure of maxillary incisors at smiling resulted in a remarkable improvement of patient's facial profile, in addition to an esthetically pleasing smile, respectively. One year later, follow-up revealed good stability of results.

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Assessment of Immediate Skeletal Changes after Alternate Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Constriction – A Case Report

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/604 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (34) ◽

pp. 2954-2959

Author(s):

Shilpa Venkatesh Pharande

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Rapid Maxillary Expansion ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Maxillary Expansion ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Posterior Crossbite ◽

Skeletal Changes ◽

Before And After ◽

Opening And Closing

The Alt-RAMEC protocol was introduced by Liou in the year 2005. It allows for sutural mobilisation by opening and closing the RME screw for 7-9 weeks. Maxillary protraction after the use of Alt-Ramec (alternate rapid maxillary expansion and contraction) protocol is an efficient method for early treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion. This case report shows the results of using a hyrax bonded maxillary expander with the Alt-RAMEC protocol to treat a maxillary hypoplasia Class III malocclusion. A 12-year-old patient with skeletal class III malocclusion with anterior as well as the unilateral posterior crossbite was treated using this protocol. CBCT scans were taken before and after expansion. These CBCT scans were used for assessing and analysing the skeletal changes that have occurred after using the AltRamec protocol. The objective of this case report is to assess skeletal changes after using the Alt-RAMEC protocol.

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Nonsurgical Treatment of Class III Malocclusion with Both Anterior and Posterior Crossbites Combined with Impacted and Congenitally Missed Teeth

Case Reports in Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2020/8825212 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Yahya A. Alogaibi ◽

Ahmed R. Afify ◽

Ahmad A. Al-Fraidi ◽

Ali A. Hassan

Keyword(s):

Composite Resin ◽

Functional Results ◽

Deciduous Teeth ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Viable Option ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Posterior Crossbite ◽

The Right ◽

Leveling And Alignment

Class III malocclusions present a great challenge for many orthodontists, especially if malocclusions are found in adult patients and alongside other dental problems. This case report shows an adult patient with a skeletal class III anterior crossbite, a unilateral posterior crossbite on the right side, a congenital absence of both lateral incisors and retained deciduous teeth, and shift in the lower midline. The upper retained deciduous teeth and lower premolars were extracted. Leveling and alignment were initiated. Build-up composite resin placed on the first molars allowed for bite opening. The crossbites were corrected by using sequentially larger archwires combined with class III elastics until both the anterior and posterior crossbites were corrected. The impacted upper right canine was exposed using the closed eruption technique and leveled into the position of the upper lateral incisor. Miniscrews were utilized to close the residual spaces. Both canines were reshaped to simulate the upper lateral incisors. At the end of the treatment, good esthetic and functional results were obtained. In conclusion, orthodontic camouflage can be a viable option for treating patients with multiple skeletal and dental problems.

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Nonsurgical treatment of a hyperdivergent skeletal Class III patient with mini-screw–assisted mandibular dentition distalization and flattening of the occlusal plane

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/040521-272.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yiruo He ◽

Yangyang Wang ◽

Xinghai Wang ◽

Jiangyue Wang ◽

Ding Bai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Plan ◽

Open Bite ◽

Nonsurgical Treatment ◽

Occlusal Plane ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Anterior Open Bite ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Posterior Crossbite ◽

Mandibular Plane

ABSTRACT Treatment of hyperdivergent skeletal Class III malocclusion is challenging for orthodontists, and orthognathic-orthodontic treatment is usually required. This report presents the successful nonsurgical treatment of a 20-year-old man who had a skeletal Class III malocclusion with anterior open bite, anterior and posterior crossbite, hyperdivergent growth pattern, steep occlusal plane, early loss of three first molars, and an uncommon convex profile with a retruded chin. An orthodontic camouflage treatment plan was chosen based on the etiology and the patient's complaints. Tooth #37 was extracted. Miniscrews were used for uprighting and intruding of the lower molars, distalization of the lower dentition, and flattening of the occlusal plane. After 34 months of active treatment, Class I relationships, proper anterior overjet and overbite, flat occlusal plane, and an esthetic facial profile were achieved. The results demonstrated that the biomechanics involved in the nonsurgical treatment assisted with miniscrews to distalize the mandibular dentition and flatten the occlusal plane while keeping the mandibular plane stable was effective for treating this hyperdivergent skeletal Class III patient with a convex profile and anterior open bite.

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Stability Factors After Double-Jaw Surgery in Class III Malocclusion

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/101807-498.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 78 (6) ◽

pp. 1141-1152 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Manuela Mucedero ◽

Antonella Coviello ◽

Tiziano Baccetti ◽

Lorenzo Franchi ◽

Paola Cozza

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Control Group ◽

Quality Level ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Medical Subject Headings ◽

Method Error ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Jaw Surgery

Abstract Objective: To identify the stability factors of skeletal Class III malocclusion after double-jaw surgery by a systematic review of the literature. Materials and Methods: The survey covered the period from September 1959 to October 2007 and used the MeSH, Medical Subject Headings. The inclusion criteria were stability of bimaxillary surgery of the permanent dentition, adult patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion, a follow-up of at least 12 months, randomized and nonrandomized controlled clinical trials (RCCTs; CCTs), prospective and retrospective studies with and without concurrent untreated as well as normal controls, and clinical trials (CTs) comparing at least two treatment strategies without any untreated or normal control group. Results: The search strategy resulted in 1783 articles. After selection according to the inclusion/ exclusion criteria, 15 articles qualified for the final review analysis. Quality was low in two studies, medium in twelve, and medium/high in one article, which was represented by a RCT (randomized clinical trial). Most of the studies had sufficient sample size, method error analysis, and adequate statistical methods. Thus, the quality level of the studies was sufficient to draw evidence-based conclusions. Conclusions: Surgical correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion after combined maxillary and mandibular procedures appears to be stable for maxillary advancements up to 5 mm and for the correction of presurgical sagittal intermaxillary discrepancies smaller than 7 mm.

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Camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with multiloop edgewise arch wire and modified Class III elastics by maxillary mini-implant anchorage

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/091312-730.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 83 (4) ◽

pp. 630-640 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Shushu He ◽

Jinhui Gao ◽

Peter Wamalwa ◽

Yunji Wang ◽

Shujuan Zou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Principal Component ◽

Open Bite ◽

Control Group ◽

Vertical Position ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Mini Implants ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Lower Incisors

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effect of the multiloop edgewise arch wire (MEAW) technique with maxillary mini-implants in the camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients were treated with the MEAW technique and modified Class III elastics from the maxillary mini-implants. Twenty-four patients were treated with MEAW and long Class III elastics from the upper second molars as control. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained and analyzed before and after treatment, and 1 year after retention. Results: Satisfactory occlusion was established in both groups. Through principal component analysis, it could be concluded the anterior-posterior dental position, skeletal sagittal and vertical position, and upper molar vertical position changed within groups and between groups; vertical lower teeth position and Wits distance changed in the experimental group and between groups. In the experimental group, the lower incisors tipped lingually 2.7 mm and extruded 2.4 mm. The lingual inclination of the lower incisors increased 3.5°. The mandibular first molars tipped distally 9.1° and intruded 0.4 mm. Their cusps moved 3.4 mm distally. In the control group, the upper incisors proclined 3°, and the upper first molar extruded 2 mm. SN-MP increased 1.6° and S-Go/N-ME decreased 1. Conclusions: The MEAW technique combined with modified Class III elastics by maxillary mini-implants can effectively tip the mandibular molars distally without any extrusion and tip the lower incisors lingually with extrusion to camouflage skeletal Class III malocclusions. Clockwise rotation of the mandible and further proclination of upper incisors can be avoided. The MEAW technique and modified Class III elastics provided an appropriate treatment strategy especially for patients with high angle and open bite tendency.

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Two-phase treatment of patients with crossbite and tendency toward skeletal Class III malocclusion

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2176-9451.19.4.122-135.bbo ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 122-135

Author(s):

Maria de Lourdes Machado Bayerl

Keyword(s):

Female Patient ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Two Phase ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Changes ◽

Angle Class ◽

Skeletal Pattern ◽

Angle Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Angle Class Iii

Angle Class III malocclusion is characterized by an inadequate anteroposterior dental relationship which may or may not be accompanied by skeletal changes. In general, patients are distressed by a significantly compromised facial aspect which, when associated with a deficient middle third, encourages patients to seek treatment. This article reports a two-phase treatment carried out in a female patient aged six years and six months with a tendency towards a Class III skeletal pattern. This case was presented to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Facial Orthopedics (BBO). It is representative of the Discrepancy Index (DI) category, and fulfills part of the requirements for obtaining BBO Diploma.

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Orthopedic Effect of Chin Cup during Mixed Dentition Stage

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2056 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 410-414

Author(s):

Mohamed I Hashem ◽

Zeeshan H Ahmad ◽

Sukumaran Anil ◽

Khalid J Alanazi

Keyword(s):

Treated Group ◽

Mixed Dentition ◽

Control Group ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Changes ◽

Before And After

ABSTRACT Introduction Chin cup (CC) therapy has been used as the traditional appliance for treating class III malocclusion during mixed dentition period. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CC on the improvement of skeletal and dentoalveolar skeletal changes in class III patients during mixed dentition stage. Materials and methods A total of 30 patients (7–9 years old) with skeletal class III malocclusion were selected based on clinical and cephalometric examination. Out of 30 patients, 20 underwent CC therapy. All orthodontic records and measurements were taken before and after treatment. Similar records were collected from the control group. The lateral cephalometric films were traced before and after treatment and analyzed. Results There was a significant improvement in maxillary and the mandibular skeletal measurements after CC therapy. Improvement of ANB angle and an increase in Wits appraisal have been detected in the treated group according to intermaxillary skeletal variables. Conclusion The study concluded that the CC therapy is effective for correcting skeletal class III malocclusion along with positive changes in the dentoskeletal variables during the mixed dentition stage. How to cite this article Al-Khalifa HN, Hashem MI, Alanazi KJ, Anil S. Orthopedic Effect of Chin Cup during Mixed Dentition Stage. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(5):410-414.

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Cephalometric outcomes of a new orthopaedic appliance for Class III malocclusion treatment

European Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1093/ejo/cjz037 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 187-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roberto Martina ◽

Vincenzo D’Antò ◽

Vittoria De Simone ◽

Angela Galeotti ◽

Roberto Rongo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Control Group ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Forward Displacement ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Short Term Evaluation ◽

Term Evaluation ◽

Skeletal Effects ◽

Cephalometric Study ◽

And Control

Summary Objective To evaluate dental and skeletal effects of a new orthopaedic appliance for the treatment of Class III malocclusion in growing patients. Material and methods This retrospective cephalometric study was performed on a sample of 18 patients with a skeletal Class III malocclusion (4 males; 14 females; mean age 8.8 ± 1.5 years) treated with the Pushing Splints 3 (PS3) protocol. The control group consisted of 18 subjects (5 males; 13 females; mean age 9.1 ± 1.8 years) selected from a database of subjects with untreated Class III malocclusion. The cephalometric analysis was performed at the beginning (T0) and the end of the orthopaedic therapy (T1). Significant differences between the treated and control groups were assessed with independent samples t-test (P < 0.05). Results In the PS3 group, the post-treatment cephalometric values showed a forward displacement of the maxilla, resulting in a statistically significant increase of the SNA angle. ANPg and Wits appraisal improved significantly compared with the control group. Lingual inclination of mandibular incisors and buccal inclination of the upper incisors were significantly increased in comparison with the control group. No significant differences were recorded for backward mandibular rotation. Limitations This study presents a short-term evaluation of the treatment and the use of a historical control group. Conclusions The PS3 was effective for the treatment of Class III malocclusion in growing patients, with favourable maxillary advancement and control of the vertical skeletal relationships.

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