scholarly journals Simulation and Experimental Study of the Near Field Probe in the Form of a Folded Dipole for Measuring Glucose Concentration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5415
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Gorst ◽  
Kseniya Zavyalova ◽  
Aleksandr Mironchev ◽  
Andrey Zapasnoy ◽  
Andrey Klokov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Measurement ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Vector Network Analyzer ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Network Analyzer ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Average Deviation

The article investigates the near-field probe of a special design to account for changes in glucose concentration. The probe is designed in such a way that it emits radiation in both directions from its plane. In this paper, it was proposed to modernize this design and consider the unidirectional emission of the probe in order to maximize the signal and reduce energy loss. We have done extensive research for both bidirectional and unidirectional probe designs. Numerical simulations and field experiments were carried out to determine different concentrations of glucose (0, 4, 5.3, 7.5 mmol/L). Numerical modeling of a unidirectional probe showed that the interaction of radiation generated by such a probe with a multilayer structure simulating a human hand showed a better result and high sensitivity compared to a bidirectional probe. Further, based on the simulation results, a phantom (physical model) of a human hand was recreated from layers with dielectric properties as close as possible to the properties of materials during simulation. The probe was constructed from a copper tube and matched both the geometric and physical parameters of the model. The experimental measurement was carried out using a vector network analyzer in the frequency range 2–10 GHz. The experimental measurement was carried out using a vector network analyzer in the frequency range 2–10 GHz for the unidirectional and bidirectional probes. Further, the results of the experiment were compared with the results of numerical simulation. According to the results of multiple experiments, it was found that the average deviation between the concentrations was 2 dB for a unidirectional probe and 0.4 dB for a bidirectional probe. Thus, the sensitivity of the unidirectional probe was 1.5 dB/(mmol/L) for the bidirectional one 0.3 dB/(mmol/L). Thus, the improved design of the near-field probe can be used to record glucose concentrations.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK MAGNETIC LOOP PROBE POLIGONAL SEBAGAI APLIKASI PENGUKURAN NEAR FIELD

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Haryo Dwi Prananto ◽  
Priyo Wibowo ◽  
Tyas Ari Wahyu Wijanarko ◽  
Wuwus Ardiatna ◽  
R. Harry Arjadi
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Magnetic Loop ◽  
Vector Network Analyzer ◽  
Loop Antenna ◽  
Network Analyzer ◽  
Small Loop

Pada pengujian kompatibilitas elektromagnetik khususnya pada pengukuran near field, pengukuran medan magnet sangat diperlukan. Salah satu alat pengukuran yang digunakan adalah magnetic loop probe.  Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membandingkan loop probe pada jumlah sisi geometrinya, dan belum ada referensi yang membahas tentang topik ini. Magnetic loop probe didesain dalam tujuh bentuk geometri yaitu bentuk segi 3 (ada dua model), segi 4, segi 6, segi 8, segi 10, dan segi tak hingga (lingkaran) dimana parameter keliling geometrinya sama. Magnetic loop probe didesain dengan menggunakan perhitungan sebagai small loop antenna Karateristik kelima desain probe dianalisis dengan mengukur S21 sebagai sensitivitas menggunakan Vector Network Analyzer. Karateristik bentuk probe maupun gain dan sensitivitasnya  dibahas dalam makalah ini.

scholarly journals Методика измерения потерь в направляемых линиях передачи в миллиметровом диапазоне частот

2022 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Н.С. Князев ◽  
А.И. Малкин ◽  
В.А. Чечеткин
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Vector Network Analyzer ◽  
Network Analyzer ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Scattering Matrices ◽  
Coplanar Transmission Lines

An experimental method was developed to determine losses in microstrip and coplanar transmission lines for devices operating in the frequency range 77 - 81 GHz. The parameters of the scattering matrices are obtained using a vector network analyzer and frequency upconverters. The calculation of losses in waveguide-coplanar and coplanar-microstrip junctions is made.

Combined vector network analyzer and impedance analyzer for broadband determination of complex permittivity spectrum of glass beads with talc

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Szerement ◽  
Hironobu Saito ◽  
Kahori Furuhata ◽  
Shin Yagihara ◽  
Agnieszka Szypłowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Dielectric Permittivity ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Vector Network Analyzer ◽  
Complex Dielectric Permittivity ◽  
Network Analyzer ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Impedance Analyzer ◽  
Permittivity Spectrum

<p>Soil complex dielectric permittivity is frequency dependent. At low frequencies soil dielectric spectrum exhibits relaxation effects mainly due to interfacial phenomena caused by water strongly bounded to solid phase particles surfaces, double-layer effects and Maxwell-Wagner effect. At frequencies of several GHz and above, the influence of dielectric dispersion of free water dipoles can be observed.  Since dielectric soil moisture meters operate at frequencies from kHz up to several GHz, their output can be affected by these phenomena.</p><p>Currently, there is a variety of commercial sensors that operate at various frequencies from kHz up to several GHz. Most popular are TDR sensors with frequency band up to 1-2 GHz and capacitance/impedance sensors that operate at a single frequency usually from the range <br>1-150 MHz. Therefore, the knowledge of the broadband complex dielectric permittivity spectrum can help to improve the existing and develop new methods and devices for soil moisture and salinity estimation. Also, accurate characterization of complex dielectric permittivity spectrum of porous materials in the broadband frequency range is required for modeling of dielectric properties of materials in terms of moisture, salinity, density, mineralogy etc.</p><p>The aim of the study was to measure the complex dielectric permittivity of glass beads with 5% talc moistened with distilled water and saline water (electrical conductivity of 500, 1000, 1500 mS/m). The experiment was carried out using a seven-rod probe connected to an impedance analyzer (IA) and a vector network analyzer (VNA) using a multiplexer in the frequency range from 40Hz to 110MHz (IA) and 10MHz to 500MHz (VNA). The glass beads (90-106 µm, Fuji Manufacturing Industries, Japan) with 5% talc (Sigma Aldrich) in 4 different moisture and 4 different salinity values were examined. The results obtained from the IA and the VNA were combined and modeled with complex conductivity and dielectric permittivity model. The influence of water content and electrical conductivity on broadband complex dielectric spectra and the fitted model parameters was examined.</p><p> </p><p>The work has been supported by the National Centre for Research and Development, Poland, BIOSTRATEG3/343547/8/NCBR/2017.</p>

scholarly journals Electromagnetic characteristics of materials based on ultrafine hexaferrite powders

2021 ◽  
Vol 1198 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
YuN Gladkov ◽  
AS Kachalov ◽  
EYu Korovyn ◽  
AA Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Dielectric Permittivity ◽  
Frequency Dependence ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Vector Network Analyzer ◽  
Network Analyzer ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Nanosized Powders ◽  
Electromagnetic Characteristics

Abstract The electromagnetic characteristics of composite materials based on nanosized powders of W-type hexaferrites are considered in the article. It is shown that not only the composition, but also the mechanical treatment affects the electromagnetic parameters. This article presents the frequency dependence of the complex magnetic and dielectric permittivity of a system of W-type hexafferites. The studies were carried out on a universal wide-band measuring complex based on the Agilent PNA-X N4257A Vector Network Analyzer. The results are presented in the frequency range from 2 to 14 GHz.

scholarly journals A 10 kHz to 6 GHz Low-Cost Vector Network Analyzer

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Andreas Depold ◽  
Stefan Erhardt ◽  
Robert Weigel ◽  
Fabian Lurz
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vector Network Analyzer ◽  
Network Analyzer ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Network Analyzers ◽  
Commercial Off The Shelf ◽  
Large Frequency ◽  
Cost Vector

Abstract. This publication introduces a low-cost vector network analyzer with very large frequency range made of commercial off-the-shelf components. It utilizes two identical receivers and two directional bridges to allow for two fully bidirectional measurement ports. The design surpasses the performance of competing low-cost network analyzers in regards of dynamic range, frequency span and calibration capability.

Reconfigurable SDM Optical Vector Network Analyzer

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Carpenter ◽  
Benjamin J. Eggleton ◽  
Jochen Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Vector Network Analyzer ◽  
Network Analyzer

scholarly journals Wideband Active Load–Pull by Device Output Match Compensation Using a Vector Network Analyzer

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 874-886
Author(s):  
Alberto Maria Angelotti ◽  
Gian Piero Gibiino ◽  
Troels S. Nielsen ◽  
Dominique Schreurs ◽  
Alberto Santarelli
Keyword(s):  
Vector Network Analyzer ◽  
Network Analyzer ◽  
Active Load ◽  
Load Pull
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