scholarly journals A 10 kHz to 6 GHz Low-Cost Vector Network Analyzer

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Andreas Depold ◽  
Stefan Erhardt ◽  
Robert Weigel ◽  
Fabian Lurz
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vector Network Analyzer ◽  
Network Analyzer ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Network Analyzers ◽  
Commercial Off The Shelf ◽  
Large Frequency ◽  
Cost Vector

Abstract. This publication introduces a low-cost vector network analyzer with very large frequency range made of commercial off-the-shelf components. It utilizes two identical receivers and two directional bridges to allow for two fully bidirectional measurement ports. The design surpasses the performance of competing low-cost network analyzers in regards of dynamic range, frequency span and calibration capability.

scholarly journals Simulation and Experimental Study of the Near Field Probe in the Form of a Folded Dipole for Measuring Glucose Concentration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5415
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Gorst ◽  
Kseniya Zavyalova ◽  
Aleksandr Mironchev ◽  
Andrey Zapasnoy ◽  
Andrey Klokov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Measurement ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Vector Network Analyzer ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Network Analyzer ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Average Deviation

The article investigates the near-field probe of a special design to account for changes in glucose concentration. The probe is designed in such a way that it emits radiation in both directions from its plane. In this paper, it was proposed to modernize this design and consider the unidirectional emission of the probe in order to maximize the signal and reduce energy loss. We have done extensive research for both bidirectional and unidirectional probe designs. Numerical simulations and field experiments were carried out to determine different concentrations of glucose (0, 4, 5.3, 7.5 mmol/L). Numerical modeling of a unidirectional probe showed that the interaction of radiation generated by such a probe with a multilayer structure simulating a human hand showed a better result and high sensitivity compared to a bidirectional probe. Further, based on the simulation results, a phantom (physical model) of a human hand was recreated from layers with dielectric properties as close as possible to the properties of materials during simulation. The probe was constructed from a copper tube and matched both the geometric and physical parameters of the model. The experimental measurement was carried out using a vector network analyzer in the frequency range 2–10 GHz. The experimental measurement was carried out using a vector network analyzer in the frequency range 2–10 GHz for the unidirectional and bidirectional probes. Further, the results of the experiment were compared with the results of numerical simulation. According to the results of multiple experiments, it was found that the average deviation between the concentrations was 2 dB for a unidirectional probe and 0.4 dB for a bidirectional probe. Thus, the sensitivity of the unidirectional probe was 1.5 dB/(mmol/L) for the bidirectional one 0.3 dB/(mmol/L). Thus, the improved design of the near-field probe can be used to record glucose concentrations.

scholarly journals Automated Measuring Complex for the Research of the Frequency Characteristics of Microwave Filters in a Wide Range of Frequencies

2019 ◽  
pp. 765-772
Author(s):  
Andrey B. Gladyshev ◽  
Dmitry D. Dmitriev ◽  
Peter Yu. Zverev ◽  
Ivan A. Smolev
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Characteristics ◽  
Signal Generator ◽  
Spectrum Analyzer ◽  
Vector Network Analyzer ◽  
Microwave Filters ◽  
Output Power Level ◽  
Network Analyzer ◽  
Measuring Complex ◽  
Vector Network Analyzers ◽  
Network Analyzers

The article proposes a variant of an automated measuring complex designed to study the frequency characteristics of microwave filters. When developing microwave filters, it is necessary to control their frequency parameters, for which standard instruments are used – vector network analyzers. However, new technologies for manufacturing microwave filters, aimed at improving the frequency-selective characteristics and miniaturizing the design, do not allow for comprehensive studies using only one vector network analyzer. This is mainly due to the insufficient dynamic range of the vector network analyzers, which does not allow for a qualitative measurement of such parameters as attenuation in the filter barrier bands. This problem can be easily solved using a signal generator with an increased output power level and a spectrum analyzer. For a comprehensive study of the characteristics of microwave filters, a combination of methods for measuring the parameters of microwave filters is proposed, where the main characteristics will be measured in the passband using a vector network analyzer and the parameters of the obstacle bands using a signal generator and spectrum analyzer. By connecting devices into a network under the control of special software, we obtain a flexible and convenient system for automated research of the characteristics of microwave filters

scholarly journals Miniaturized Coplanar Waveguide for Nanostructured Magnetostrictive Multilayer Characterization

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 851
Author(s):  
Abdelhatif El Fellahi ◽  
Aurélien Mazzamurro ◽  
Jean Claude Gerbedoen ◽  
Yannick Dusch ◽  
Olivier Bou Matar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coplanar Waveguide ◽  
Complex Permeability ◽  
Network Analyzer ◽  
Scattering Parameters ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Electromagnetic Simulations ◽  
Insertion Losses ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Large Frequency ◽  
Permeability Spectrum

A miniaturized coplanar waveguide (CPW) on a Y-cut LiNbO3 substrate operating in Radio Frequency region (RF) is proposed for studying of magnetostrictive multi-layered structure. The structure is composed of a 14 × [TbCo2 (3.7 nm)/FeCo (4 nm)] nanostructured multi-layer. Using microtechnology process, the miniaturized CPW has been designed with a 50 µm wide signal line in the frequency range from 6 MHz to 6 GHz. Electromagnetic simulations based on ®Ansys/HFSS demonstrate insertion losses less than 2 dB and show that the magnetic field is more confined in the nanostructured multi-layer placed on top of the micro-sized CPW. By using Vectorial Network Analyzer (VNA) the Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR) is investigated from the reflection (Sii) or transmission (Sij) coefficients of scattering parameters. An inversion model is finally used to extract the complex permeability spectrum of the thin-film in a large frequency range.

scholarly journals Sub-THz Characterisation of Monolayer Graphene

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Dadrasnia ◽  
Sujitha Puthukodan ◽  
Vinod V. K. Thalakkatukalathil ◽  
Horacio Lamela ◽  
Guillaume Ducournau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Monolayer Graphene ◽  
Network Analyzer ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Scattering Parameters ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy ◽  
Wave Measurement ◽  
Direct Measurements

We explore the optical and electrical characteristics of monolayer graphene by using pulsed optoelectronic terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in the frequency range of 325–500 GHz based on fast direct measurements of phase and amplitude. We also show that these parameters can, however, be measured with higher resolution using a free space continuous wave measurement technique associated with a vector network analyzer that offers a good dynamic range. All the scattering parameters (both magnitude and phase) are measured simultaneously. The Nicholson-Ross-Weir method is implemented to extract the monolayer graphene parameters at the aforementioned frequency range.

scholarly journals Calibration-measurement unit for the automation of vector network analyzer measurements

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
I. Rolfes ◽  
B. Will ◽  
B. Schiek
Keyword(s):  
Vector Network Analyzer ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Network Analyzer ◽  
Scattering Parameters ◽  
Calibration Standards ◽  
Calibration Measurement ◽  
Vector Network Analyzers ◽  
Network Analyzers ◽  
The One ◽  
User Friendly

Abstract. With the availability of multi-port vector network analyzers, the need for automated, calibrated measurement facilities increases. In this contribution, a calibration-measurement unit is presented which realizes a repeatable automated calibration of the measurement setup as well as a user-friendly measurement of the device under test (DUT). In difference to commercially available calibration units, which are connected to the ports of the vector network analyzer preceding a measurement and which are then removed so that the DUT can be connected, the presented calibration-measurement unit is permanently connected to the ports of the VNA for the calibration as well as for the measurement of the DUT. This helps to simplify the calibrated measurement of complex scattering parameters. Moreover, a full integration of the calibration unit into the analyzer setup becomes possible. The calibration-measurement unit is based on a multiport switch setup of e.g. electromechanical relays. Under the assumption of symmetry of a switch, on the one hand the unit realizes the connection of calibration standards like one-port reflection standards and two-port through connections between different ports and on the other hand it enables the connection of the DUT. The calibration-measurement unit is applicable for two-port VNAs as well as for multiport VNAs. For the calibration of the unit, methods with completely known calibration standards like SOLT (short, open, load, through) as well as self-calibration procedures like TMR or TLR can be applied.

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