scholarly journals Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Historical Masonry Buildings in Croatian Coastal Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5997
Author(s):  
Željana Nikolić ◽  
Luka Runjić ◽  
Nives Ostojić Škomrlj ◽  
Elena Benvenuti
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Pushover Analysis ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Vulnerability Index Method ◽  
Non Linear

(1) Background: The protection of built heritage in historic cities located in seismically active areas is of great importance for the safety of inhabitants. Systematic care and planning are necessary to detect the seismic vulnerability of buildings, in order to determine priorities in rehabilitation projects and to continuously provide funds for the reconstruction of the buildings. (2) Methods: In this study, the seismic vulnerability of the buildings in the historic center of Kaštel Kambelovac, a Croatian settlement located along the Adriatic coast, has been assessed through an approach based on the calculation of vulnerability indexes. The center consists of stone masonry buildings built between the 15th and 19th centuries. The seismic vulnerability method was derived from the Italian GNDT approach, with some modifications resulting from the specificity of the buildings in the investigated area. A new damage–vulnerability–peak ground acceleration relation was developed using the vulnerability indexes and the yield and collapse accelerations of buildings obtained through non-linear static analysis. (3) Results: A seismic vulnerability map, critical peak ground accelerations for early damage and collapse states, and damage index maps for two return periods have been predicted using the developed damage curves. (4) Conclusions: The combination of the vulnerability index method with non-linear pushover analysis is an effective tool for assessing the damage of a building stock on a territorial scale.

scholarly journals Fragility curves for Italian URM buildings based on a hybrid method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sandoli ◽  
G. P. Lignola ◽  
B. Calderoni ◽  
A. Prota
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Ultimate Limit State ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Seismic Behaviour ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Damage Scenario

AbstractA hybrid seismic fragility model for territorial-scale seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry buildings is developed and presented in this paper. The method combines expert-judgment and mechanical approaches to derive typological fragility curves for Italian residential masonry building stock. The first classifies Italian masonry buildings in five different typological classes as function of age of construction, structural typology, and seismic behaviour and damaging of buildings observed following the most severe earthquakes occurred in Italy. The second, based on numerical analyses results conducted on building prototypes, provides all the parameters necessary for developing fragility functions. Peak-Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Ultimate Limit State attainable by each building’s class has been chosen as an Intensity Measure to represent fragility curves: three types of curve have been developed, each referred to mean, maximum and minimum value of PGAs defined for each building class. To represent the expected damage scenario for increasing earthquake intensities, a correlation between PGAs and Mercalli-Cancani-Sieber macroseismic intensity scale has been used and the corresponding fragility curves developed. Results show that the proposed building’s classes are representative of the Italian masonry building stock and that fragility curves are effective for predicting both seismic vulnerability and expected damage scenarios for seismic-prone areas. Finally, the fragility curves have been compared with empirical curves obtained through a macroseismic approach on Italian masonry buildings available in literature, underlining the differences between the methods.

scholarly journals Fragility Curves for Italian Urm Buildings Based on a Hybrid Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Sandoli ◽  
Gian Piero Lignola ◽  
Bruno Calderoni ◽  
Andrea Prota
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Ultimate Limit State ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Seismic Behaviour ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Damage Scenario

Abstract A hybrid seismic fragility model for territorial-scale seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry buildings is developed and presented in this paper. The method combines expert-judgment and mechanical approaches to derive typological fragility curves for Italian residential masonry building stock. The first classifies Italian masonry buildings in five different typological classes as function of age of construction, structural typology, and seismic behaviour and damaging of buildings observed following the most severe earthquakes occurred in Italy. The second, based on numerical analyses results conducted on building prototypes, provides all the parameters necessary for developing fragility functions.Peak-Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Ultimate Limit State attainable by each building’s class has been chosen as an Intensity Measure (IM) to represent fragility curves: three types of curve have been developed, each referred to mean, maximum and minim value of PGAs defined for each buildings class.To represent the expected damage scenario for increasing earthquake intensities, a correlation between PGAs and Mercalli-Cancani-Sieber (MCS) macroseismic intensity scale has been used and the corresponding fragility curves developed.Results show that the proposed building’s classes are representative of the Italian masonry building stock and that fragility curves are effective for predicting both seismic vulnerability and expected damage scenarios for seismic-prone areas. Finally, the fragility curves have been compared with empirical curves obtained through a macroseismic approach on Italian masonry buildings available in literature, underlining the differences between the methods.

Seismic assessment and improvement of unreinforced stone masonry buildings

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Giaretton ◽  
Dmytro Dizhur ◽  
Francesca Da Porto ◽  
Jason M. Ingham
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Seismic Assessment ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
A Minor

Following the 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquakes considerable effort was applied to the task of developing industry guidance for the seismic assessment, repair and strengthening of unreinforced masonry buildings. The recently updated “Section 10” of NZSEE 2006 is one of the primary outputs from these efforts, in which a minor amount of information is introduced regarding vintage stone unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings. Further information is presented herein to extend the resources readily available to New Zealand practitioners regarding load-bearing stone URM buildings via a literature review of the traditional European approach to this topic and its applicability to the New Zealand stone URM building stock. An informative background to typical stone URM construction is presented, including population, geometric, structural and material characteristics. The European seismic vulnerability assessment procedure is then reported, explaining each step in sequence of assessment by means of preliminary inspection (photographic, geometric, structural and crack pattern surveys) and investigation techniques, concluding with details of seismic improvement interventions. The challenge in selecting the appropriate intervention for each existing URM structure is associated with reconciling the differences between heritage conservation and engineering perspectives to reinstating the original structural strength. Traditional and modern techniques are discussed herein with the goal of preserving heritage values and ensuring occupant safety. A collection of Annexes are provided that summarise the presented information in terms of on-site testing, failure mechanisms and seismic improvement.

scholarly journals Potential Seismic Damage Assessment of Residential Buildings in Imzouren City (Northern Morocco)

Buildings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seif-eddine Cherif ◽  
Mimoun Chourak ◽  
Mohamed Abed ◽  
Abdelhalim Douiri
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Vulnerability Index Method ◽  
Earthquake Scenarios ◽  
The City

The main purpose of this study is to assess seismic risk and present earthquake loss scenarios for the city of Imzouren, in northern Morocco. An empirical approach was chosen to assess the seismic vulnerability of the existing buildings, using the Vulnerability Index Method (RISK-UE), and considering two earthquake scenarios (deterministic and probabilistic). Special concern was given to the seismic vulnerability in Imzouren since the 2004 earthquake (24 February, mw = 6.4) that struck the region and caused substantial damage. A site investigation was conducted in the city targeting more than 3000 residential buildings, which had been closely examined and catalogued to assess their seismic vulnerability. The results of the seismic risk assessment in the city are represented through damage to the buildings, harm to the population and economic loss. Generally, the results obtained from the deterministic approach are in agreement with the damage caused by the 2004 earthquake.

scholarly journals Classification of Earthquake-Induced Damage forR/CSlab Column Frames Using Multiclass SVM and Its Combination with MLP Neural Network

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Kia ◽  
Serhan Sensoy
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Gaussian Function ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Time History ◽  
Nonlinear Time History Analysis ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Damage Classification ◽  
Ground Acceleration

Nonlinear time history analysis (NTHA) is an important engineering method in order to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of buildings under earthquake loads. However, it is time consuming and requires complex calculations and a high memory machine. In this study, two networks were used for damage classification: multiclass support vector machine (M-SVM) and combination of multilayer perceptron neural network with M-SVM (MM-SVM). In order to collect data, three frames ofR/Cslab column frame buildings with wide beams in slab were considered. For NTHA, twenty different ground motion records were selected and scaled to ten different levels of peak ground acceleration (PGA). Thus, 600 obtained data from the numerical simulations were applied to M-SVM and MM-SVM in order to predict the global damage classification of samples based on park and Ang damage index. Amongst the four different kernel tricks, the Gaussian function was determined as an efficient kernel trick using the maximum total accuracy method of test data. By comparing the obtained results from M-SVM and MM-SVM, the total classification accuracy of MM-SVM is more than M-SVM and it is accurate and reliable for global damage classification ofR/Cslab column frames. Furthermore, the proposed combined model is able to classify the classes with low members.

Structural performance of buildings during the 30 November 2018 M7.1 Anchorage, Alaska earthquake

2021 ◽  
pp. 875529302110435
Author(s):  
Wael M Hassan ◽  
Janise Rodgers ◽  
Christopher Motter ◽  
John Thornley
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Nonstructural Components

Southcentral Alaska, the most populous region in Alaska, was violently shaken by a Mw 7.1 earthquake on 30 November 2018 at 8:29 am Alaska Standard Time. This was the largest magnitude earthquake in the United States close to a population center in over 50 years. The earthquake was 46 km deep, and the epicenter was 12 km north of Anchorage and 19 km west of Eagle River. The event affected some 400,000 residents, causing widespread damage in highways, nonstructural components, non-engineered and older buildings, and structures on poorly compacted fills. A few isolated serious injuries and partial collapses took place. Minor structural damage to code-conforming buildings was observed. A significant percentage of the structural damage was due to geotechnical failures. Building stock diversity allows use of the region as a large test bed to observe how local building practices affected earthquake damage levels. The prevailing peak ground acceleration (PGA) was 0.2–0.32 g, causing shaking intensity at most sites of 50%–60% of the ASCE 7-16 design basis earthquake acceleration. Thus, the seismic vulnerability of building stock in the region was not truly tested. Reinforced concrete buildings had minor structural damage, except in a few cases of shear wall and transfer girder shear cracking. Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)-retrofitted buildings performed satisfactorily. Concrete-masonry-unit (CMU) masonry buildings experienced serious structural damage in many cases, including relatively newer buildings. The earthquake caused widespread structural damage in non-engineered buildings (primarily wood and CMU masonry) that exist widely in the region, especially in Eagle River. Of these, non-engineered single-family wood buildings had the heaviest structural damage. No structural damage could be observed in steel buildings. The aftershock sequence, which included 7 M5+ and 50 M4+ events, exacerbated structural damage in all types of buildings. The present study is based on the EERI field reconnaissance mission conducted by the authors following the earthquake. Based on the observed damage and structural performance, seismic risk mitigation recommendations are suggested.

scholarly journals FIELD OBSERVATIONS OF THE 2015 (NOVEMBER 17, MW 6.4) LEFKAS (IONIAN SEA, WESTERN GREECE) EARTHQUAKE IMPACT ON NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND BUILDING STOCK OF LEFKAS ISLAND

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lekkas ◽  
S. Mavroulis ◽  
V. Alexoudi
Keyword(s):  
Strong Earthquake ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Ionian Sea ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Western Greece ◽  
Earthquake Environmental Effects

On Tuesday, November 17, 2015 at 07:10:07 (UTC) a strong earthquake struck Lefkas Island (Ionian Sea, Western Greece) with magnitude Mw 6.4, depth of about 7 km and epicenter located 20 km southwest of Lefkas town. The seismic activity in the region was essentially expected after the 2003 Lefkas earthquake and the 2014 Cephalonia earthquakes. Between these earthquake affected areas, the tectonic stresses were not released after the 1948 Lefkas earthquakes. Instead, they were intensifying and accumulating until the generation of the 2015 event. It was felt in Lefkas and the surrounding region and caused the death of 2 people, the injury of 8 others, earthquake environmental effects (EEE) and damage to buildings and infrastructure. Secondary EEE were observed in western Lefkas and included ground cracks, slope movements and liquefaction. Primary effects were not detected in the field. Buildings damage were mainly observed in villages of Dragano-Athani graben in southwestern Lefkas. Among structures constructed with no seismic provisions, the stone masonry buildings and monumental structures suffered most damage, while the traditional buildings with dual structural system performed relatively well. Reinforced-concrete buildings were affected not so much by the earthquake itself but by the generation of secondary effects.

scholarly journals Evaluation of collapse mechanisms in masonry buildings: critical overview and case histories

Alternativas ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Angelo Di Tommaso ◽  
Susanna Casacci
Keyword(s):  
Relative Motion ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Analytical Evaluation ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Collapse Mechanisms ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Analytical Procedures ◽  
Critical Overview

In recent years the approach to the analysis of seismic vulnerability of masonry buildings considers as crucial the evaluation of potential local mechanisms. The “fracture” lines depicted on the wall (when it is “compact”) can show its labile condition of equilibrium and point out the potential kinematic of relative motion among blocks. The analytical evaluation of kinematics, linear and non-linear, presents some aspects that could be analysed with criticism.Among the techniques to contrast the potential mechanisms some very effective ones could be considered: plating with composites (covered by plaster) or reinforced re-pointing.Basic criteria to apply it and analytical procedures to determine the level of upgrading are considered in detail.This paper will analyse some of these aspects with reference to actual cases of study (Pavarotti theatre and San Barnaba Church in Modena, and campanile in Reno Centese, Ferrara, Italy).

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