scholarly journals Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Soils and Bulbs of Elephant Garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.) Grown in Valdichiana, a Traditional Cultivation Area of Tuscany, Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7023
Author(s):  
Vannini Andrea ◽  
Martina Grattacaso ◽  
Giulia Canali ◽  
Francesco Nannoni ◽  
Luigi Antonello Di Lella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Allium Ampeloprasum ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Risk Indices ◽  
High Concentrations

The aim of this study was to provide, for the first time, data on the concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soils and bulbs of elephant garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.) cultivated in Valdichiana, a traditional agricultural area of Tuscany, Italy. Bulbs of elephant garlic and soil samples were collected in four cultivation fields and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine the concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, Tl, U, V, Zn. The concentrations of these PTEs in bulbs and cultivation soils were used to calculate geochemical, ecological and health risk indices. The results of this study suggest that, although bulbs of elephant garlic from the Valdichiana area may present slightly high concentrations of Cd, Ni and Pb, the associated health risk based on the daily intake is absolutely negligible. Cultivation soils had somewhat high Cu concentrations probably due to the diffuse use of Cu-based products in agriculture, but showed overall a very low ecological risk.

scholarly journals Human Exposure Assessment to Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) from Tofu Consumption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraya Paz ◽  
Carmen Rubio ◽  
Ángel J. Gutiérrez ◽  
Dailos González-Weller ◽  
Arturo Hardisson
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Excessive Intake ◽  
Human Exposure Assessment

Abstract Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (V, B, Ba, Li, Sr, Cr, Ni, Al, Pb, Cd) were determined in 130 samples of different tofu types (natural, flavoured, smoked and fresh made) by ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry). Al was the most notable element found with the highest concentration (6.71 mg/kg ww) found in flavoured tofu. Ni level (0.38 mg/kg) stands out in smoked tofu. European tofu has higher PTEs levels than Chinese tofu. Organic produced tofu has higher PTEs concentrations than conventional produced tofu. 200 g/day of smoked tofu confers a contribution percentage of 39.6% of its TDI (tolerable daily intake). In addition, 200 g/day of flavoured tofu would mean a high Pb contribution with a 23.2% of the BMDL (benchmark dose level) set in 0.63 µg/kg bw/day to the development of nephrotoxicity. Mean consumption would not pose a risk to adults’ health. Considering the obtained results, it would be advisable to establish limits for certain metals such as Pb, Al and Ni in this type of product. Furthermore, it is recommendable to set consumer guidelines to some tofu types in order to avoid excessive intake of PTEs.

scholarly journals Determination of Essential and Toxic Elements in Cattle Blood: Serum vs Plasma

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Luna ◽  
Marta López-Alonso ◽  
Yolanda Cedeño ◽  
Lucas Rigueira ◽  
Víctor Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Essential And Toxic Elements ◽  
High Concentrations

This study was designed to evaluate the influence of type of blood sample (serum or plasma) on essential and toxic element analysis in cattle. Paired plasma and serum samples (n = 20) were acid digested, and the concentrations of As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mg, Mn. Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr and Zn were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The study findings indicate that plasma and serum samples appear suitable and interchangeable for the determination of most of the essential and toxic elements in blood in cattle. The only exceptions are Cu and Se, the concentrations of which were significantly lower (40.9 and 29.9% respectively) in serum than in plasma. Some of the Cu in blood samples from bovine ruminants is known to be sequestered during clotting. However, further research on Se in ruminants and other animal species is warranted. Finally, the significantly higher Mn (9.9%) concentrations in serum than in plasma may have been caused by haemolysis of some samples. Special attention should be paid to preventing haemolysis of samples during collection and processing, in order to prevent overestimation of elements present at high concentrations inside erythrocytes (i.e., Fe, Mn and Zn).

scholarly journals Terrestrial Biota as Bioindicators for Microplastics and Potentially Toxic Elements

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1152
Author(s):  
Jamila S. Al Malki ◽  
Nahed Ahmed Hussien ◽  
Ehab M. Tantawy ◽  
Yassir Khattab ◽  
Amaal Mohammadein
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Lumbricus Terrestris ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
Potentially Toxic Metals ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Terrestrial Biota ◽  
Eobania Vermiculata

Plastic products used in our daily life remain in the environment for a long time. Plastics decompose gradually into smaller fragments (<5 mm) known as microplastics. There are different sources of microplastics contamination, including plastic bags, masks, synthetic textiles, and various coatings. Microplastics’ smaller size enhances toxic pollutants’ adsorption, through which they are easily digested by small biota and finally accumulated along the food chain. Many studies are found concerning marine microplastic distribution and pollution; however, rarely do they address terrestrial contamination. The terrestrial species Eobania vermiculata, Rumina decollata, Porcellio, Armadillo, Lumbricus terrestris, and Scolopendra were evaluated as bioindicators for soil pollution by microplastics and some potentially toxic metallic elements. Microplastics were isolated with the help of caustic potash. The particles were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); some associated potentially toxic metals were assessed in the filtrate by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP). The following polymers were present in all studied samples: copolyamide, nylon, high- and low-density polyethylene, polyamide, and polyester. In addition, the metallic elements antimony, iron, aluminum, selenium, and zinc were determined with different concentrations. Thus, terrestrial biota can serve as bioindicators for microplastic pollution of soil, which could act as a vector for potentially toxic elements.

scholarly journals The concentration and health risk of potentially toxic elements in black and green tea—both bagged and loose-leaf

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-150
Author(s):  
Ali Heshmati ◽  
Freshteh Mehri ◽  
Javad Karami-Momtaz ◽  
Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), among 160 samples of black and green tea—both bagged and loose-leaf—in Iran was determined using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (GF-AAS). Besides, the transfer rate of PTEs from made tea into tea infusion was investigated, and the related health risk for consumers was assessed. According to the results, the content of the PTEs is dependent on the type of tea (black or green), the place of cultivation (Iran or India), and the supplied form (both bagged and loose-leaf). The concentration of Pb, Cd, and As in green tea was significantly lower than black tea (P-value < 0.05). On the other hand, the contents of Zn and Cu in green tea were higher than the corresponding values for black tea. The mean concentration of Pb, As, and Zn in bagged tea samples was significantly higher than those of loose-leaf tea, while the Cd and As levels in Iranian tea samples were significantly lower than the Indian samples. Generally speaking, the mean concentration of Pb, Cd, As, Zn, and Cu were 0.59 ± 0.12, 0.12 ± 0.06, 0.16 ± 0.12, 14.23 ± 4.90, and 11.10 ± 2.49 mg kg?1, respectively. The mean transfer rates of Pb, Cd, As, Zn, and Cu were 7.78, 6.29, 9.27, 12.91, and 13.08%, respectively. The estimated daily intake (EDI) and noncarcinogenic quotient (target hazard quotient [THQ]) due to the ingestion of PTEs besides the carcinogenic risk of As and Cd were considered as acceptable.

scholarly journals Content of Toxic Elements in 12 Groups of Rice Products Available on Polish Market: Human Health Risk Assessment

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1906
Author(s):  
Joanna Bielecka ◽  
Renata Markiewicz-Żukowska ◽  
Patryk Nowakowski ◽  
Monika Grabia ◽  
Anna Puścion-Jakubik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Two Samples

Background: Rice is one of the most commonly consumed grains. It could be a good source of nutrients in a diet, but its consumption could also contribute to exposure to toxic elements. All rice products available on the Polish market are imported, which may pose a particular concern as to the safety of their consumption. The aim of our study was to estimate the content of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg in rice products and to assess the health risk indicators related to exposure to toxic elements consumed with rice products among the adult population in Poland. Methods: A total of 99 samples from 12 groups of rice products (basmati, black, brown, parboiled, red, wild, white rice and expanded rice, rice flakes, flour, pasta, and waffles) available in the Polish market were obtained. The content of Hg was determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry method (AAS). To measure As, Cd, and Pb, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used. The health risk was assessed by calculating several indicators. Results: The average As, Cd, Pb, and Hg contents in all studied products were 123.5 ± 77.1 μg/kg, 25.7 ± 26.5 μg/kg, 37.5 ± 29.3 μg/kg, and 2.8 ± 2.6 μg/kg, respectively. Exceedance of the limit established by the Polish National Food Safety Standard was observed in one sample as regards the As content and exceedance of the European Commission standard in two samples for Hg. The samples of foods imported from European markets (n = 27) had statistically higher As content (p < 0.05) than those imported from Asian countries (n = 53). The values of health risk indicators did not show an increased risk for the Polish adult population. However, the daily intake of 55 g of rice corresponds to the benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) for Pb. Conclusion: The studied rice products could be regarded as safe for consumption by the Polish population as far as the content of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg is concerned.

Human exposure to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from the soybean beverages consumption

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubio Carmen ◽  
Paz Soraya ◽  
Angel J. Gutiérrez ◽  
González-Weller Dailos ◽  
Martín Raquel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Optical Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Toxic Risk

Plant-based beverages have been positioned as an alternative to cow's milk. One of the most consumed plant-based beverages are those made with soybeans. Soybean beverages may be an important source of essential elements. However, the soybean plant is exposed to high amounts of contaminants from the soil and the environment, such as toxic metals. For this reason, the objective of this study is to determine the content of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (Fe, Cu, Cr, Co, Mn, Mo, Zn, B, Ba, Ni , Li, Sr, V, Al, Cd, Pb) in order to evaluate the human exposure and the toxic risk from the consumption of these products. A total of 40 samples of different brands of soybean beverages were analyzed by ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectroscopy). The most notable PTEs is Al (3.93 mg/L), followed by Fe (1.91 mg/L) and Ba (0.69 mg/L). Considering a mean consumption of two serving per day (250 mL/serving), soybean beverages would contribute to the dietary intake of essential elements such as Fe and Mn. This consumption would mean considerable percentages of contribution to the maximum intakes of Al and Pb, which do not exceed the maximum values ​​indicated, but in cases of higher consumption these values could be exceeded with the consequent risk to public health.

scholarly journals Health Risk Evaluation of Trace Elements in Geophagic Kaolinitic Clays within Eastern Dahomey and Niger Delta Basins, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4813
Author(s):  
Olaonipekun Oyebanjo ◽  
Georges-Ivo Ekosse ◽  
John Odiyo
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Risk Indices ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects

The deliberate consumption of earthly materials is a universally recognised habit with health benefits and risks to those that practice it. Thirteen (13) samples comprising of six (6) Cretaceous and seven (7) Paleogene/Neogene geophagic kaolinitic materials, respectively, were collected and analysed for trace element concentrations (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Pb, and Fe), and possible risk on consumers’ health. The trace element compositions were obtained using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) analytical methods. Based on their average concentrations, Fe > V > Cr > Ni > Zn > Pb > Cu > Co and Fe > V > Cr > Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Co for the Cretaceous and Paleogene/Neogene geophagic clays, respectively. Iron concentrations were significantly higher in Paleogene/Neogene geophagic clays than in Cretaceous geophagic clays. The nutritional value of Cu and Zn were lower whereas, Cr and Fe were higher than the recommended dietary intake. The index of geoaccumulation (0 < Igeo ≤ 1) showed that the geophagic materials were uncontaminated to moderately contaminated by the trace elements. The overall hazard indices (HI) for non-carcinogenic effects showed that the geophagic clays pose threat to children (HI > 1) and no threat to adults (HI < 1) health. However, the carcinogenic risk indices (CRI) for Cr, Ni, and Pb were within acceptable cancer risks (10−6 < CRI < 10−4) for children and adults. Hence, based on the trace element s HI and CRI, this study concluded that the consumption of Cretaceous and Paleogene/Neogene geophagic kaolinitic clays poses no risks to adult health but children might suffer health risk if the geophagic clays are not beneficiated before ingestion.

scholarly journals The Hazard Content of Cadmium, Lead, and Other Trace Elements in Some Medicinal Herbs and Their Water Infusions

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuad A. Ababneh
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
World Health ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Health Organization

54 samples belonging to 23 herbal species (15 individuals and 8 mixtures) were analyzed for their contents of heavy metals in the raw materials and in their water infusions. Trace and toxic elements in these samples were determined by using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) following acid digestion. The order of decreasing mean metal concentrations in raw materials (mg/kg) was found to be as follows: Fe (440) > Mn (162) > Zn (45.8) > Cu (12) > Pb (10.4) > Ni (5.4) > Cr (2.9) > Co (0.91) > Cd (0.5). It was found that 21% of the analyzed samples contain both Cd and Pb above their permissible limits. However, the infusions produced from these plants were found to contain fewer amounts of metals than the raw materials. Studied metals had the following mass transfer percentages to the infusion solutions (Fe: 3.5%, Cd: 14%, Cr: 15%, Pb: 20%, Co: 29%, Ni: 31%, Zn: 36%, Cu: 48%, and Mn: 53%). The estimated daily intake calculated for the toxic elements Pb and Cd through the consumption of herbal infusions was far below the tolerable daily intake set by the World Health Organization (WHO).

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