scholarly journals New Training Approach for Improving the Spatial Perception and Orientation Ability of Dentistry Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9387
Author(s):  
Asaf Shely ◽  
Gil Ben-Izhack ◽  
Diva Lugassy ◽  
Shlomo Matalon ◽  
Raphael Pilo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Skill ◽  
Course Success ◽  
Training Approach ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Manual Test ◽  
Home Training

Introduction: During a basic prosthetics course, dental students train on plastic teeth for fixed partial dentures (FPD). The complexity of manual skill acquisition and the need for extra training led us to develop a portable tool for home training (PhantHome). The aim of the current study was to assess whether training using the portable tool improves students fine motor skill, spatial perception, and orientation and may predict success in preclinical prosthetics courses. Material and Methods: A total of 42 third year dental students were included in this study. A valid dexterity test (Grooved Pegboard test) and a manual test using the portable tool (PhantHome) were conducted in direct and indirect visions using a mirror at two time points: T0: beginning of study, and T1: after training for one month with the portable tool at home. The students’ manual grades in the portable tool, Grooved test, and final prosthetics course grades were compared. Results: The results showed that indirect tasks were significantly more difficult to perform than direct tasks for PhantHome and Grooved tests at T0 and T1 (p < 0.0005). After practicing with the portable PhantHome tool (T1), the students’ scores of in PhantHome and Grooved tests improved significantly (p < 0.04). A regression analysis showed that students’ motor tasks scored at T0 predicted phantom course success in 86.8% of cases (p = 0.005). Conclusion: There was a positive transfer in learning: PhantHome training led to improved performance on the Grooved tests without further training on these tests. Therefore, training in the PhantHome tool can significantly improve performance in the prosthodontics phantom course. The prediction model predicted success in a prosthodontics course with 86% accuracy.

Effects of Quiet Mind Training on Alpha Power Suppression and Fine Motor Skill Acquisition

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Norouzi ◽  
Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini ◽  
Mohammad Vaezmosavi ◽  
Markus Gerber ◽  
Uwe Pühse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Fine Motor Skill ◽  
Motor Skill Acquisition ◽  
Mind Training

scholarly journals Multifocal stimulation of the cerebro-cerebellar loop during the acquisition of a novel motor skill

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian J. Wessel ◽  
Chang-hyun Park ◽  
Elena Beanato ◽  
Estelle A. Cuttaz ◽  
Jan E. Timmermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Superior Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Fine Motor Skill ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cerebellar Stimulation

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)-based interventions for augmenting motor learning are gaining interest in systems neuroscience and clinical research. Current approaches focus largely on monofocal motorcortical stimulation. Innovative stimulation protocols, accounting for motor learning related brain network interactions also, may further enhance effect sizes. Here, we tested different stimulation approaches targeting the cerebro-cerebellar loop. Forty young, healthy participants trained a fine motor skill with concurrent tDCS in four sessions over two days, testing the following conditions: (1) monofocal motorcortical, (2) sham, (3) monofocal cerebellar, or (4) sequential multifocal motorcortico-cerebellar stimulation in a double-blind, parallel design. Skill retention was assessed after circa 10 and 20 days. Furthermore, potential underlying mechanisms were studied, applying paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging-based techniques. Multisession motorcortical stimulation facilitated skill acquisition, when compared with sham. The data failed to reveal beneficial effects of monofocal cerebellar or additive effects of sequential multifocal motorcortico-cerebellar stimulation. Multimodal multiple linear regression modelling identified baseline task performance and structural integrity of the bilateral superior cerebellar peduncle as the most influential predictors for training success. Multisession application of motorcortical tDCS in several daily sessions may further boost motor training efficiency. This has potential implications for future rehabilitation trials.

Dexterity of the Less Affected Hand in Children With Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy

Hand ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 155894472199080
Author(s):  
Matthew B. Burn ◽  
Gloria R. Gogola
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Fine Motor Skill ◽  
Motor Skill Acquisition ◽  
Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Treatment Plans

Background: To determine if the “unaffected” hand in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) is truly unaffected. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of manual dexterity as measured by the Functional Dexterity Test (FDT) in 66 children (39 boys, 27 girls, mean age: 11 years 4 months) with hemiplegic CP. Data were stratified by Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) level, birth weight, and gestational age at birth, and compared with previously published normative values. Results: The FDT speed of the less affected hand is significantly lower than typically developing (TD) children ( P < .001). The development of dexterity is significantly lower than TD children (0.009 vs. 0.036 pegs/s/year, P < .001), with a deficit that increases with age. MACS score, birth weight, and age at gestation are not predictors of dexterity. The dexterity of the less affected hand is poorly correlated with that of the more affected hand. Conclusions: Both dexterity and rate of fine motor skill acquisition in the less affected hand of children with hemiplegic CP is significantly less than that of TD children. The less affected hand should be evaluated and included in comprehensive treatment plans for these children.

scholarly journals Getting to the Root of Fine Motor Skill Performance in Dentistry: Brain Activity During Dental Tasks in a Virtual Reality Haptic Simulation (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Perry ◽  
Susan M Bridges ◽  
Frank Zhu ◽  
W Keung Leung ◽  
Michael F Burrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fine Motor Skill ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Skill Performance

BACKGROUND There is little evidence considering the relationship between movement-specific reinvestment (a dimension of personality which refers to the propensity for individuals to consciously monitor and control their movements) and working memory during motor skill performance. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measuring oxyhemoglobin demands in the frontal cortex during performance of virtual reality (VR) psychomotor tasks can be used to examine this research gap. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the potential relationship between the propensity to reinvest and blood flow to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortices of the brain. A secondary aim was to determine the propensity to reinvest and performance during 2 dental tasks carried out using haptic VR simulators. METHODS We used fNIRS to assess oxygen demands in 24 undergraduate dental students during 2 dental tasks (clinical, nonclinical) on a VR haptic simulator. We used the Movement-Specific Reinvestment Scale questionnaire to assess the students’ propensity to reinvest. RESULTS Students with a high propensity for movement-specific reinvestment displayed significantly greater oxyhemoglobin demands in an area associated with working memory during the nonclinical task (Spearman correlation, rs=.49, P=.03). CONCLUSIONS This small-scale study suggests that neurophysiological differences are evident between high and low reinvesters during a dental VR task in terms of oxyhemoglobin demands in an area associated with working memory.

scholarly journals Key kinematic features in early training predict performance of adult female mice in a single pellet reaching and grasping task

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mykins ◽  
Eric Wade ◽  
Xu An ◽  
Billy You Bun Lau ◽  
Keerthi Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Food Pellet ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Fine Motor Skill ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Single Pellet

Detailed analyses of overly trained animal models have been long employed to decipher foundational features of skilled motor tasks and their underlying neurobiology. However, initial trial-and-error features that ultimately give rise to skilled, stereotypic movements, and the underlying neurobiological basis of flexibility in learning, to stereotypic movement in adult animals are still unclear. Knowledge obtained from addressing these questions is crucial to improve quality of life in patients affected by movement disorders. We sought to determine if known kinematic parameters of skilled movement in humans could predict learning of motor efficiency in mice during the single pellet reaching and grasping assay. Mice were food restricted to increase motivation to reach for a high reward food pellet. Their attempts to retrieve the pellet were recorded for 10 minutes a day for continuous 4 days. Individual successful and failed reaches for each mouse were manually tracked using Tracker Motion Analysis Software to extract time series data and kinematic features. We found the number of peaks and time to maximum velocity were strong predictors of individual variation in failure and success, respectively. Overall, our approach validates the use of select kinematic features to describe fine motor skill acquisition in mice and establishes peaks and time to maximum velocity as predictive measure of natural variation in motion efficiency in mice. This manually curated dataset, and kinematic parameters would be useful in comparing with pose estimation generated from deep learning approaches.

Effects of Quiet Mind Training on Alpha Power Suppression and Fine Motor Skill Acquisition

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Norouzi ◽  
Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini ◽  
Mohammad Vaezmosavi ◽  
Markus Gerber ◽  
Uwe Pühse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Fine Motor Skill ◽  
Motor Skill Acquisition ◽  
Mind Training

Learning, Forgetting, and Relearning: Skill Learning in Children With Language Impairment

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Adi-Japha ◽  
Haia Abu-Asba
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Retention Testing ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The current study tested whether the difficulties of children with specific language impairment (SLI) in skill acquisition are related to learning processes that occur while practicing a new skill or to the passage of time between practice and later performance. Method The acquisition and retention of a new complex grapho-motor symbol were studied in 5-year-old children with SLI and peers matched for age and nonverbal IQ. The children practiced the production of the symbol for 4 consecutive days. Retention testing took place 10 days later. Results Children with SLI began each practice day slower than their peers but attained similar levels of performance by its end. Although they increased their performance speed within sessions more than their peers, they did not retain their learning as well between sessions. The loss in speed was largest in the 10-day retention interval. They were also less accurate, but accuracy differences decreased over time. Between-session group differences in speed could not fully be accounted for based on fine motor skills. Conclusions In spite of effective within-session learning, children with SLI did not retain the new skill well. The deficit may be attributed to task forgetting in the presence of delayed consolidation processes.

Relationship between Motor Skill and Body Mass Index in 5- to 10-Year-Old Children

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva D’Hondt ◽  
Benedicte Deforche ◽  
Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij ◽  
Matthieu Lenoir
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Fine Motor Skill ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
General Motor ◽  
Movement Assessment

The purpose of this study was to investigate gross and fine motor skill in overweight and obese children compared with normal-weight peers. According to international cut-off points for Body Mass Index (BMI) from Cole et al. (2000), all 117 participants (5–10 year) were classified as being normal-weight, overweight, or obese. Level of motor skill was assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC). Scores for balance (p < .01) and ball skills (p < .05) were significantly better in normal-weight and overweight children as compared with their obese counterparts. A similar trend was found for manual dexterity (p < .10). This study demonstrates that general motor skill level is lower in obese children than in normal-weight and overweight peers.

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