scholarly journals Aspects Regarding the Optimal Insulation Thickness, the Cost and Energy Savings for Cold Storage in Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11455
Author(s):  
Alina Girip ◽  
Răzvan Calotă ◽  
Anica Ilie
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Insulating Layer ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Technical And Economic Analysis ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
Insulation Thickness ◽  
The Cost

The paper presents a technical and economic analysis regarding the sandwich panels with polyurethane insulation layer (PUR) used in cold stores’ construction. The authors determine the optimal thickness of the insulating layer (OIT) corresponding to the 5 climatic zones in Romania. The operating and investment costs for cold and frozen storage in these 5 climatic zones have been assessed. The results obtained from the analysis show that regardless of the climatic zone, the OIT for cold storage is 150 mm and for frozen storage is 180 mm. The investment cost increases by 41% and the expenditure on operating energy decreases by 8.3% for 180 mm for cold storage in comparison to OIT. Moreover, this tendency is maintained as well in the other case of frozen storage, where, by increasing the thickness above OIT at 200 mm the investment cost is increased by 20% and the expenditure in operating energy is decreased by 6.7%. The SEC has an average value of 54.83 kWh·m3/yr for cold storage and 74.55 kWh·m3/yr for frozen storage respectively. The average values obtained in the paper were compared with those presented in the literature and resulted in deviations of about 1.58% for refrigeration, and hence 4.1% for freezing.

Structure and Price Dynamics of Potato Cold Storage in Gujarat, India

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Primary Processing ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
Running Cost ◽  
The Cost

The present study was undertaken to study the structure and market dynamics of potato cold storages in Gujarat by collecting requisite information of ten cold storages from three major districts. It was observed that primary processing activities such as grading, sorting, and other value-added activities were taken place at the cold storage level. The cost of electricity was the major operational cost, followed by the cost of labour. Investment cost followed by the running cost of the cold storage was a major deterrent factor reported by the cold storage manager. The study concluded that there was a need to have the proper and effective strategies and policies to support the need to build an efficient cold storage system. Also, producer/trader/entrepreneur should undertake sorting and grading work at their harvest areas, reducing post-harvest losses and creating more bargaining power, and gaining more share in consumer rupees.

Case Study of Economic Efficiency Evaluation about Green Residential Complex in Korea

2014 ◽  
Vol 935 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Min Cho Park ◽  
Sang Hyo Lee ◽  
Sung Woo Shin
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Green Building Design ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
The Cost

The national systematic, social requirements for green building development are becoming more stringent. But from the standpoint of the builder, who would contract and implement such a business, such regulations can become a burden working against efforts to promote building. Due to the increase in the initial investment cost associated with green building development, the reality is that voluntary compliance is not readily forthcoming. Thereby, the profitability of green building construction was examined from a cost perspective for a 40-year life cycle cost. As a model example of green apartments, the A Apartment complex was analyzed for its economy. A comparison was made against a standard building for green building design on its initial investment cost, and the energy savings during the occupancy phase, required to offset the cost of investment was calculated. As a result, the A-Apartment investment cost recovery period was approximately 10 years, with about an 8% range of operating profit. If the green building construction business were to be pursued with this long-term view, it is evident that construction of green buildings can be good for business.

ANALISA PERBANDINGAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN DAN RASIO KEUANGAN SEBAGAI ALAT UKUR KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA KOPERASI KARYAWAN SUCOFINDO (KOPERASI SUCOFINDO JAYA) TAHUN 2009 – 2011

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Sri Marti Pramudena
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Equity Ratio ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to determine the financial position and financial performance Cooperative Sucofindo Jaya (KOPSUCOFINDO JAYA) from fiscal year 2009-2011 through a comparative analysis / comparisons and ratio analysis. From the research, the authors obtained a picture that results of the financial position and financial performance of KOPSUCOFINDO JAYA as follows: (1) To Horizontal Analysis of the Balance Sheet shows the overall unfavorable developments as the rise of short-term debt experienced a greater percentage increase than the increase in current assets (2) For Horizontal Analysis of the SHU, SHU in 2010 an increase of 125.38% compared to 2009 and in 2011 increased by 282.47% compared to 2009, but this increase was not followed by a reduction in the burden of cost of goods, especially business and this increase was obtained from the contribution percentage increase in other income. (3) For Vertical Analysis of the Balance Sheet shows that in terms of assets, current assets are assets that make up the largest component but also cause considerable investment value embedded in current assets and also showed asset turnover, receivables turnover and working capital is very low under 1 times. (4) For the SHU Vertical analysis shows that income JAYA KOPSUCOFINDO more than 85% absorbed in the Cost of Goods. (5) For liquidity analysis showed that highly liquid KOPSUCOFINDO JAYA obtain an average value above 400%. (6) For solvency analysis shows that the performance is not good / not solvable because the results of the analysis LITA average of above 95%, Total Debt to Equity Ratio in the top 2.000%, and Net Worth Debt Ratio to average below 4%. (7) For activity ratios indicate that the performance is not good for Turnover of Assets value of 1 times. (8) For the rentability analysis KOPSUCOFINDO JAYA show results for ROA of 0.86% (2009), 1.31% (2010), 1.18% (2011), ROE in 2009 is 14.81%, 26.43% in 2010 and 2011 amounted to 31.11%, for the ROI of 0.56% in 2009, in 2010 was 0.96% and by 0.93% in 2011. (9) For the analysis of profitability, for the analysis of GPM in 2009 amounted to 1.49%, in 2010 of 2.31% and 3.92% in 2011. As for the analysis of NPM in 2009 amounted to 0.97%, in 2010 by 1.70% and by 3.10% in 2011. Keywords:  Cooperative Financial Performance, horizontal analysis, vertical analysis, Analysis of Liquidity, Solvency Analysis, Activity Analysis, Profitability Analysis, profitability analysis

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effective Material Use from the View of EU Environmental Policy Goals

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4759
Author(s):  
Marcela Taušová ◽  
Katarína Čulková ◽  
Peter Tauš ◽  
Lucia Domaracká ◽  
Andrea Seňová
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Linear Dependence ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Environmental Goals

Humanity is dependent on natural resources. Use and productivity of these resources plays an important role in energy savings and circular economy. The goal of this contribution is to evaluate productivity of resources in the frame of EU countries. Single analysis deals with data from the publicly available portal database and collected data were processed in the statistical software JMP. The trend of development and analysis of variability and linear dependence helped to create cluster analysis and comparison of the EU countries. The results from the view of average value of the indicator registered the growth, and from the view of variability the statistically important differences were verified for EU member states. Some pairs of indicators recorded positive, while some pairs recorded negative linear dependence. Cluster analysis shows two groups of countries—the first one with positive results, having the lowest tax burden in the case of energy taxes and environment, and the second one with negative results, having the highest tax burden of environmental and energy policy. The results are useful for a proper setting of energy and environmental goals that can increase the effectiveness of resource productivity in the countries studied.

scholarly journals Automation possibilities in a low rotation warehouse of a Belgian manufacturing plant. A case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Anca Mocan ◽  
Anca Draghici
Keyword(s):  
Management Team ◽  
Management Teams ◽  
Manufacturing Plant ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
Total Investment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Best Fit

Lack of appropriate warehouse ergonomics is one of the leading causes of worker injuries in industry environments. As management teams are trying to reduce the cost of doing business, they look to worker’s health statistics and realize they must improve their way of operating. The paper presents a warehouse analysis done at the request of the management team of a Belgian manufacturing plant. The factory’s warehouse was audited with focus on Kanban bin weight, storage rack height and rack width to assess the ergonomic strain it causes on workers. The paper then presents possible automation options in order to find the best fit to reduce ergonomic impact, while also optimizing the total investment cost.

Bats under a hot tin roof: comparing the microclimate of eastern cave bat (Vespadelus troughtoni) roosts in a shed and cave overhangs

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Law ◽  
M. Chidel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Maternity Roost ◽  
Diurnal Temperatures ◽  
Microclimate Conditions

We compared the microclimate experienced by maternity groups of eastern cave bats (Vespadelus troughtoni) in northern New South Wales between roosts in overhang caves versus a nearby maternity roost beneath the corrugated iron roof of a farm shed. The shed’s microclimate differed dramatically from that of the caves. Caves provided well-buffered microclimate conditions, which were cooler and more humid than ambient conditions during the day, but were warmer and less humid than ambient at night. Early summer temperatures remained between 20 and 25°C in the maternity caves. In contrast, the microclimate at the shed was not buffered, with conditions varying enormously over a 24-h period, being hotter than ambient during the day (mean = 30°C, maximum = 40°C in the middle of the day), and similar to ambient at night (mean = 18°C at dawn). Rather than selecting thermal stability, lactating females selected warm, but variable, diurnal temperatures in the shed, presumably to sustain lactation. Under this situation, we estimated considerable energetic savings by roosting in the shed (27–35%, assuming normothermia) compared with that for caves, and even higher savings if bats were torpid in the mornings and passively rewarmed later (60–69%). Lactating bats therefore presumably traded-off the cost of leaving juveniles behind in a cool roost at night with these energetic benefits. In late autumn bats continued to roost in the shed with day temperatures rising above 30°C, compared with unoccupied caves, which were considerably cooler at this time (~20°C). Clarification of the estimated energy savings and the possible costs in terms of milk production requires further research to measure concurrently body temperatures, roost temperature and energy expenditure, together with juvenile growth in different types of roosts.

CHANGES IN THE TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL LEVEL OF STEAM CULTIVATORS IN THE XXI CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (143) ◽  
pp. 174-183
Author(s):  
Andrey Yu. Nesmiyan ◽  
◽  
Anastasiya S. Kaymakova ◽  
Yuliya S. Tsench ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Average ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
Short Test ◽  
Specific Material ◽  
The Cost

Most modern agricultural machines and tools consist of components, the main parameters, design features of which were justified in the first half of the twentieth century. Slowly and evolutionarily, these technical means are developing. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in identifying general trends in the technical and technological level of steam cultivators in the first quarter of the XXI century. (Materials and Methods) For the study there was analyzed the data of the short test reports of the selected machines. The production of steam cultivators in the Russian Federation is gradually increasing. (Results and discussion) For ten years of the beginning of the XXI century, only 27 machines were provided for testing, and from 2014 to 2017 – more than 40, while for "old" cultivators, the weighted average value of the tractor traction class was 2.8, for new ones it is about of four. For the study period (on average 10 years) the quality of soil cultivation in terms of such parameters as deviation from the specified depth of cultivation, crumbling and combing of the field surface has not changed much. The productivity of cultivator units increased by 7-21 percents, which is explained not only by an increase in the power of tractors, but also by an increase in the utilization rate of charge time on average from 0.72 to 0.77. The specific weight of the "new" cultivators was on average 22 kilogram-meters less than that of the "old" analogues, which can be explained by the evolution of their designs. (Conclusions) Increasing the class of tractors by one "level" the specific material consumption of the cultivators aggregated with them increases by about 58 kilogram-meters for both "old" and " new " cultivators. With an increase in the width of the tools from 4 to 16 meters, their weight will increase by 8 times, which affects the cost and operational and environmental characteristics of wide-reach cultivators.

scholarly journals Production and Quality Evaluation of Probiotic Malunggay (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Ice Cream

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Jessa B. Gisulga
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Consumer Reaction ◽  
Experimental Type ◽  
The Cost

The study aimed to produce probiotic malunggay ice cream. It further aimed to determine and assess the effects of the probiotic malunggay on the sensory quality of the product, its physico-chemical properties, stability, consumer reaction and the cost of production. The research study used a 3 x 3 factorial experimental type of research in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two (2) replicates and with three (3) levels of malunggay, namely, 0%, 15%, and 30% (w/v) and three (3) levels of probiotic cultures 0%, 20%, and 40% (w/v). The findings of the study revealed that sensory evaluation showed that only malunggay was significantly affected by the acceptability of the aforementioned sensory evaluation. When Malunggay was subjected to sensory evaluation, High levels of malunggay elicit low acceptability on its color, taste, flavor, and texture. In terms of pH, and TA of the probiotic malunggay, when it was made into ice cream, such was affected by the levels of the probiotic culture, increased levels of probiotic culture correspond to a higher pH and TA values thus, increased levels of probiotic culture could further increase the initial microbial count of the probiotics in the product. Further studies may be conducted to confirm the storage stability of the probiotic microorganisms over an extended period of frozen storage.

scholarly journals SOLAR RADIATION PROTECTION SYSTEM WITH SIMULTANEOUS HOT WATER SUPPLY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
І. Puhoviy ◽  
М. Makhrov
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
The Cost

Problems. Windows in the summer let through a large amount of solar energy into the room, which causes an additional cost of cooling the air by conditioning. It is known that the limit of comfort is the temperature of 26 oC. To reduce the temperature, use air conditioners, which are required 0,3...0,5 kW of electrical power for 10 m2 of housing. The study deals with the capture of solar energy by water and its use for domestic water purposes (DHW). The goal of the research. Experimental verification of patented developments and calculations of hot water quantity obtained per day, energy savings and economic indicators. Methods of implementation. Experiments were conducted on the south window of the room, with water pumping by a pump and periodic measurement of air and water temperatures at the outlet of the system by mercury thermometer. The calculations were performed using the methods developed by the authors. The studies were conducted within three days of November. The temperature inside ranged a room from 19 to 23 °C. The system was operated in circulating mode on a water battery tank located below the absorber. Isolation of the absorber from the side of the room was made of a transparent food film. Research results. Water temperature reached 45 °C per 1,5-2 hours. Water consumption is enhanced by the thermosiphon effect when water moves from the bottom up. On a clear day of spring and autumn, you can heat for 50-70 % more water than the average for the average day of months of the warm season. For preparing DHW with 1 m2 of absorber, it is possible to get 45-50 kW∙h of heat for each month from March to September, taking into account cloudiness. The savings from the use of hot water and from reducing the consumption of electricity in the air conditioner are calculated. Conclusions. The payback period of the system, taking into account the cost of the heat for DHW and electricity savings for an electric air conditioner, is approximately 4-5 years. The cost of the system is close to the cost of a home air conditioner, for a premise with a single window oriented south. To the energy-saving factor, an additional advantage is the environmental friendliness of the system compared to the air conditioner.

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