scholarly journals SOLAR RADIATION PROTECTION SYSTEM WITH SIMULTANEOUS HOT WATER SUPPLY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
І. Puhoviy ◽  
М. Makhrov
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
The Cost

Problems. Windows in the summer let through a large amount of solar energy into the room, which causes an additional cost of cooling the air by conditioning. It is known that the limit of comfort is the temperature of 26 oC. To reduce the temperature, use air conditioners, which are required 0,3...0,5 kW of electrical power for 10 m2 of housing. The study deals with the capture of solar energy by water and its use for domestic water purposes (DHW). The goal of the research. Experimental verification of patented developments and calculations of hot water quantity obtained per day, energy savings and economic indicators. Methods of implementation. Experiments were conducted on the south window of the room, with water pumping by a pump and periodic measurement of air and water temperatures at the outlet of the system by mercury thermometer. The calculations were performed using the methods developed by the authors. The studies were conducted within three days of November. The temperature inside ranged a room from 19 to 23 °C. The system was operated in circulating mode on a water battery tank located below the absorber. Isolation of the absorber from the side of the room was made of a transparent food film. Research results. Water temperature reached 45 °C per 1,5-2 hours. Water consumption is enhanced by the thermosiphon effect when water moves from the bottom up. On a clear day of spring and autumn, you can heat for 50-70 % more water than the average for the average day of months of the warm season. For preparing DHW with 1 m2 of absorber, it is possible to get 45-50 kW∙h of heat for each month from March to September, taking into account cloudiness. The savings from the use of hot water and from reducing the consumption of electricity in the air conditioner are calculated. Conclusions. The payback period of the system, taking into account the cost of the heat for DHW and electricity savings for an electric air conditioner, is approximately 4-5 years. The cost of the system is close to the cost of a home air conditioner, for a premise with a single window oriented south. To the energy-saving factor, an additional advantage is the environmental friendliness of the system compared to the air conditioner.

RENEWABLE ENERGY INTEGRATION FOR HOT WATER SUPPLY AND HEATING OF BUILDINGS

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Yu. Selikhov ◽  
K. Gorbunov ◽  
V. Stasov
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
The Cost

Solar energy is widely used in solar systems, where economy and ecology are combined. Namely, this represents an important moment in the era of depletion of energy resources. The use of solar energy is a promising economical item for all countries of the world, meeting their interests also in terms of energy independence, thanks to which it is confidently gaining a stable position in the global energy sector. The cost of heat obtained through the use of solar installations largely depends on the radiation and climatic conditions of the area where the solar installation is used. The climatic conditions of our country, especially the south, make it possible to use the energy of the Sun to cover a significant part of the need for heat. A decrease in the reserves of fossil fuel and its rise in price have led to the development of optimal technical solutions, efficiency and economic feasibility of using solar installations. And today this is no longer an idle curiosity, but a conscious desire of homeowners to save not only their financial budget, but also health, which is possible only with the use of alternative energy sources, such as: double-circuit solar installations, geothermal heat pumps (HP), wind power generators. The problem is especially acute in the heat supply of housing and communal services (HCS), where the cost of fuel for heat production is several times higher than the cost of electricity. The main disadvantages of centralized heat supply sources are low energy, economic and environmental efficiency. And high transport tariffs for the delivery of energy carriers and frequent accidents on heating mains exacerbate the negative factors inherent in traditional district heating. One of the most effective energy-saving methods that make it possible to save fossil fuel, reduce environmental pollution, and meet the needs of consumers in process heat is the use of heat pump technologies for heat production.

Solar Energy Application for Space and Hot Water Heating Purposes in Agricultural Production

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Donald L. Van Dyne
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Solar Energy Application ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Grain Drying ◽  
Energy Application ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Auxiliary Source

The cost and availability of conventional energy sources currently used as inputs for agricultural production continue to be a very important concern in planning and decision making. Interest in solar energy for use in space and water heating, grain drying, and other areas, has been stimulated because it is technically feasible, abundant, renewable, and nonpolluting. Although it is reasonably reliable and can provide a large portion of the total heat need for many situations, it does require an auxiliary source of energy.

Integrating Domestic Air Conditioner with Solar Water Heater of the Development of an Energy-Saving Heating System

2015 ◽  
Vol 764-765 ◽  
pp. 1100-1103
Author(s):  
Wen Lih Chen ◽  
King Leung Wong ◽  
Yung Chang Li
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Exhaust Heat

The current thesis proposed the integration of air conditioners that exhaust heat with solar energy to enhance the overall efficiency of thermal energy conversion. The analysis of thermal storage tanks of different volumes revealed that a two-ton air conditioner operating for an hour produced double energy than normal sunshine for a day. With thermal storage tanks of fixed volume, the integration of air conditioners of different tons with solar energy indicated that air conditioners of less tons produced faster and more efficient energy conversion. Therefore, the current thesis proposed that the modification of condenser in domestic air conditioner into water-cooled condenser not only enhanced the energy efficiency of air conditioners but also increased hot water supplies since hot water from air conditioners could be integrated into solar water heaters. By doing so, energy conservation and carbon reduction could be achieved.

scholarly journals ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES FOR INCREASING ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
O. O. Dekhtiar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The Cost

Actuality of the problem. The article discusses the current level of use of alternative sources of electrical power in the world. The main areas of the global power development were determined, the statistical data of leading energy companies, analytical international organizations and financial institutions were analysed. For today, all civilized countries successfully switch to alternative energy sources: wind, solar energy, biofuels, etc. In addition, the use of solar energy is one of the most promising inexhaustible, renewable energy sources. The use of renewable energy sources replaces the traditional one, based on extractive technologies polluting the atmosphere with harmful emissions, and enhances the greenhouse effect, reduces the burden on the resource base and energy systems of countries and improves the environment. Sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the economy of Ukraine and, in particular, irrigated agriculture requires a reduction in energy dependence. In the structure of the cost of irrigation water, a significant share accounts for electrical power. That is why to increase the efficiency of irrigated agriculture, to ensure high and sustainable yields in the context of climate change, it is extremely important to reduce the cost of power consumption. The need to use alternative energy sources in the drainage complex of Ukraine as part of the implementation of the energy strategy of Ukraine, aimed at the transition to fficient use and consumption of energy resources is highlighted. The Institute of Water Problems and Land Reclamation deals with the investigations of measures and technologies to improve power efficiency to reduce the specific energy consumption for pumping water by pumping stations and to reduce the rate of power losses for water intake and water transportation by water supply paths. One of the effective measures to reduce power cost is the use of alternative energy sources, in particular solar energy. The economic potential of the measures for improving energy efficiency in irrigation systems wass estimated. Conclusions. The estimation showed that the use of modules of solar power plants installed above the surface of open irrigation canals will lead to lower energy costs in the face of a constant increase in tariffs, that is, it will help to increase the economic efficiency of irrigation, reduce the share of water resources in national energy consumption and have a positive environmental effect. The sale of surplus power to the energy system at “green” tariffs can significantly reduce the payback period for the modernization of the engineering infrastructure of irrigation systems.

scholarly journals EPDM Based Double Slope Triangular Enclosure Solar Collector: A Novel Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shafiq R. Qureshi ◽  
Waqar A. Khan ◽  
Waqas Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Solar Heater ◽  
The Cost

Solar heating is one of the important utilities of solar energy both in domestic and industrial sectors. Evacuated tube heaters are a commonly used technology for domestic water heating. However, increasing cost of copper and nickel has resulted in huge initial cost for these types of heaters. Utilizing solar energy more economically for domestic use requires new concept which has low initial and operating costs together with ease of maintainability. As domestic heating requires only nominal heating temperature to the range of 60–90°C, therefore replacing nickel coated copper pipes with any cheap alternate can drastically reduce the cost of solar heater. We have proposed a new concept which utilizes double slope triangular chamber with EPDM based synthetic rubber pipes. This has reduced the initial and operating costs substantially. A detailed analytical study was carried out to design a novel solar heater. On the basis of analytical design, a prototype was manufactured. Results obtained from the experiments were found to be in good agreement with the analytical study. A maximum error of 10% was recorded at noon. However, results show that error is less than 5% in early and late hours.

Design and Performance of the Van Geet Off-Grid Home

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 738-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dennis Barley ◽  
Paul Torcellini ◽  
Otto Van Geet
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
And Performance

The Van Geet home near Denver, Colorado, demonstrates the successful integration of energy conservation measures and renewable energy supply in a beautiful, comfortable, energy-efficient, 295-m23,176-ft2 off-grid home in a cold, sunny climate. Features include a tight envelope, energy-efficient appliances, passive solar heating (direct gain and Trombe wall), natural cooling, solar hot water, and photovoltaics. In addition to describing this house and its performance, this paper describes the recommended design process of (1) setting a goal for energy efficiency at the outset, (2) applying rules of thumb, and (3) using computer simulation to fine-tune the design. Performance monitoring and computer simulation are combined for the best possible analysis of energy performance. In this case, energy savings are estimated as 89% heating and cooling (compared to 95 MEC), 83% electrical, and nearly 100% domestic water heating. The heating and cooling energy use is 8.96kJ/°Cs˙days˙m20.44Btu/°Fs˙days˙ft2.

A Preliminary Study on the Cost Implications and Validity of Executing a Control Strategy on Individual Appliance Usage

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
P. Ozoh ◽  
S. Abd-Rahman ◽  
J. Labadin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Power Saving ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Study Power ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Electricity Network ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
The Cost

This study evaluates a number of power-saving measures that were applied on individual electric appliances to investigate their contributions to energy savings of the electricity network. In order to carry out the study, power-saving measures were applied on all appliances under study for certain period periods at the Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS). The appliances are the air conditioner (AC), computers, lightings and closed-circuit television (CCTV). As a means of validating the accuracy of models developed for electricity costs, a comparison of was done between measurements taken from the electricity network and those taken from PowerLogic PM5350 power meter (PM5350) installed for the purpose of this research. The results from model analysis show significant cost savings of 39.9%, 20.3%, 8% and 0.6% when control strategies were applied to AC, lightings, computers and CCTV

Thermal Performance Curve Analysis for Enhancement of an Air Conditioner in Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 1930003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nattaporn Chaiyat
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Ultrasonic Wave ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Performance Curve ◽  
Thermal Performance Curve

This study presents a method for analysing air conditioner efficiency by using a thermal performance curve. Enhancement techniques consisting of the use of a phase change material (PCM), a vapor compression heat pump (VCHP), ultrasound, drop-in refrigerant, a commercial R-32 air conditioner using ultrasound and a double-storage tank are reported under the weather conditions in Thailand. For the PCM, Rubitherm20 (RT-20) in the forms of a paraffin ball and a plastic pack was selected to cool the return air of the evaporator, which directly caused decreases in power consumption of 7.85% and 5.78%, respectively. The R-123 VCHP was integrated with the air conditioner at the condenser to receive and boost rejected heat to the hot water temperature of 60–70∘C. Ultrasonic wave generators at 42[Formula: see text]kHz frequency were installed at the evaporator to improve heat transfer characteristics and reduce the electrical power usage of the air conditioner by 8%. The R-32 drop-in refrigerant technique was tested in an R-410a air conditioner model. The R-32 unit showed the advantages of a smaller environmental impact and a higher cooling energy efficiency ratio (EER) compared with that of the R-410a unit. Moreover, the commercial R-32 air conditioner and a 40 kHz ultrasonic generator were integrated. The combined unit revealed a higher EER of 7.69% compared with that of the conventional commercial R-32 unit. For a double-storage tank, it was shown that the maximum hot water temperature in the storage tank was approximately 49∘C. The highest effective method to enhance the cooling capacity of air-conditioner is the technique of R-32 air conditioner and ultrasonic wave for increasing the cooling efficiency of 8.54%.

scholarly journals The Generation of Pollution-Free Electrical Power From Solar Energy

1972 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Cherry
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Solar Arrays ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Productive Land ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Power Shortages

Projections of the U. S. electrical power demands over the next 30 years indicate that the U. S. could be in grave danger from power shortages, undesirable effluence, and thermal pollution. A pollution free method of converting solar energy directly into electrical power using photovoltaics on the ground shows that sunlight falling on about 1 percent of the land area of the 48 states could provide the total electrical power requirements of the U. S. in the year 1990. By utilizing and further developing some NASA technology, a new source of electrical power will become available. Such a development is attractive from conservation, social, ecological, economic, and political standpoints. While the cost of producing solar arrays by today’s methods prohibits their use for large scale terrestrial plants, the paper suggests how the cost may become acceptable, especially as conventional fuels become scarcer and more expensive. Some of the desirable reasons for developing methods to convert solar energy to electrical power are: to conserve our fossil fuels for more sophisticated uses than just burning, to reduce atmospheric pollution by 20 percent, to convert low productive land areas into high productive land areas, to make the U. S. less dependent upon foreign sources of energy, and to learn to utilize our most abundant inexhaustable natural resource.

Design and Performance of the Van Geet Off-Grid Home

Solar Energy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dennis Barley ◽  
Paul Torcellini ◽  
Otto Van Geet
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
And Performance

The Van Geet home near Denver, Colorado, demonstrates the successful integration of energy conservation measures and renewable energy supply in a beautiful, comfortable, energy-efficient, 295-m2 (3,176-ft2) off-grid home in a cold, sunny climate. Features include a tight envelope, energy-efficient appliances, passive solar heating (direct gain and Trombe wall), natural cooling, solar hot water, and photovoltaics. In addition to describing this house and its performance, this paper describes the recommended design process of (1) setting a goal for energy efficiency at the outset, (2) applying rules of thumb, and (3) using computer simulation to fine-tune the design. Performance monitoring and computer simulation are combined for the best possible analysis of energy performance. In this case, energy savings are estimated as 89% heating and cooling, 83% electrical, and nearly 100% domestic water heating. The heating and cooling energy use is 8.96 kJ/°C·day·m2 (0.44 Btu/°F·day·ft2).

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