scholarly journals Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Combined with Therapeutic Exercise and Cognitive Rehabilitation to Treat a Case of Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) Related Pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11538
Author(s):  
Francisco José Sánchez-Cuesta ◽  
Yeray González-Zamorano ◽  
Aida Arroyo-Ferrer ◽  
Martín Avellanal ◽  
Josué Fernández-Carnero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Pain Processing ◽  
Therapeutic Exercise ◽  
Burning Mouth

Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a multifactorial, chronic pain condition with neuropathic and psychogenic mechanisms. Cortical activation as well as sustained attention and executive functions have proven to be affected by chronic pain. The main objectives of this work were to test the efficacy of a multidimensional personalized pain treatment protocol and to investigate if the effects are based on psychophysical pain processing changes or cognitive effects. A 74-year-old female with 2 years of BMS received 10 sessions of a combined protocol of anodal left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex tDCS, cognitive therapy, and therapeutic exercise. The subjective perception of pain decreased by 47% after treatment but returned to the baseline at 45 days. No changes were found in objective pain measurements apart from a transient worsening of conditioned pain modulation. A large effect size was found in all functional scales, processing speed and executive control as well as sustained attention that persisted during follow-up. No changes in anxiety and depression were found. A multimodal therapeutic approach combining TDCS, cognitive rehabilitation and therapeutic exercise produces improved quality of life, disability and pain perception correlated with improvements in processing speed, executive control and sustained attention but independent of changes in psychophysical pain processing.

Update on Burning Mouth Syndrome: Overview and Patient Management

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Scala ◽  
L. Checchi ◽  
M. Montevecchi ◽  
I. Marini ◽  
M.A. Giamberardino
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽  
Nerve Damage ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Burning Mouth

Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain syndrome that mainly affects middle-aged/old women with hormonal changes or psychological disorders. This condition is probably of multifactorial origin, often idiopathic, and its etiopathogenesis remains largely enigmatic. The present paper discusses several aspects of BMS, updates current knowledge, and provides guidelines for patient management. There is no consensus on the diagnosis and classification of BMS. The etiopathogenesis seems to be complex and in a large number of patients probably involves interactions among local, systemic, and/or psychogenic factors. In the remaining cases, new interesting associations have recently emerged between BMS and either peripheral nerve damage or dopaminergic system disorders, emphasizing the neuropathic background in BMS. Based on these recent data, we have introduced the concepts of “primary” (idiopathic) and “secondary” (resulting from identified precipitating factors) BMS, since this allows for a more systematic approach to patient management. The latter starts with a differential diagnosis based on the exclusion of both other orofacial chronic pain conditions and painful oral diseases exhibiting muco-sal lesions. However, the occurrence of overlapping/overwhelming oral mucosal pathologies, such as infections, may cause difficulties in the diagnosis ("complicated BMS"). BMS treatment is still unsatisfactory, and there is no definitive cure. As a result, a multidisciplinary approach is required to bring the condition under better control. Importantly, BMS patients should be offered regular follow-up during the symptomatic periods and psychological support for alleviating the psychogenic component of the pain. More research is necessary to confirm the association between BMS and systemic disorders, as well as to investigate possible pathogenic mechanisms involving potential nerve damage. If this goal is to be achieved, a uniform definition of BMS and strict criteria for its classification are mandatory.

scholarly journals Suicidal Behavior in a Patient with Burning Mouth Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Kontoangelos ◽  
Evmorfia Koukia ◽  
Vasilis Papanikolaou ◽  
Aris Chrysovergis ◽  
Antonis Maillis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽  
Burning Sensation ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Local Pain ◽  
Burning Mouth

Introduction. Chronic pain of the oral cavity is a long-term condition and like all other types of chronic pain is associated with numerous comorbidities such as depression or anxiety.Case Presentation. This is a case of a 93-year-old patient suffering from chronic oral cavity pain who repeatedly stabbed his palate due to ongoing local pain, over the last few months, which he could not further tolerate. The patient was suffering from depression and also a diagnosis of “burning mouth syndrome” (BMS) was made.Discussion. Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by a burning sensation in the tongue or other oral sites. BMS has high psychiatric comorbidity but can occur in the absence of psychiatric diagnosis. Patients with multiple forms of pain must be considered as potential candidates for underdiagnosed depression (major) and suicidal thoughts.

scholarly journals Essential oils utility implications in symptomatic Burning Mouth Syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 381-385
Author(s):  
Assunta PATANO ◽  
Daniela DI VENERE ◽  
Sabino CECI ◽  
Pula BERATE ◽  
Sebastian CANDREA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Complete Remission ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽  
Oral Rinse ◽  
Burning Mouth ◽  
Therapeutic Protocols

Introduction. Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a clinical condition characterized by the presence of chronic pain in absence of clinically visible lesions of the oral mucosa. The etiology is uncertain and the therapeutic strategies still controversial. The objective of this prospective study is to analyze the efficacy of essential oils-based mouthwashes in the therapy of BMS. Material and method. This study included 16 patients affected by BMS who were treated with essential oils-based mouthwashes and glucose solution on alternated days for 30 days. Symptomatology was evaluated after 15, 30 and 90 days. Results and discussions. A the end of the treatment, most of the patients (67%) referred an improvement of symptoms up to complete remission in 90 days. Conclusions. Based on this study, essential oils-based mouthwashes could represent a valid aid in the treatment of BMS. Further studies are necessary in order to identify effective and standardized therapeutic protocols. Keywords: Burning Mouth Syndrome; oral rinse; essential oils; therapeutic strategies,

scholarly journals Burning mouth syndrome: An update

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 251581632097014
Author(s):  
Huann Lan Tan ◽  
Tara Renton
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Orofacial Pain ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽  
Sensory Testing ◽  
Normal Oral Mucosa ◽  
Diagnosis By Exclusion ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
Burning Mouth ◽  
Oral Burning

Background: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic and debilitating oral pain of the normal oral mucosa. It mainly affects women in their fifth to seventh decade. Its aetiopathogenesis remains unclear and is probably of multifactorial origin, with increasing evidence that BMS may be a neuropathic disorder. BMS is classified as an idiopathic (nociplastic) orofacial pain with or without somatosensory changes by International Classification of Orofacial Pain (ICOP 2020). The diagnosis of BMS, having excluded ‘oral burning mouth symptoms’, has evolved from basic intraoral exclusion screening to extensive clinical and laboratory investigations, which include the screening of comorbidities and other chronic pains and somatosensory testing. There is no standardised treatment in managing BMS, but a proposed combination of supportive and pharmacological treatment has been recommended. Aim: To review the current concepts of BMS definitions, classifications, aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis techniques, and evidence-based treatments in managing BMS patients. Conclusion: As BMS is a diagnosis by exclusion, thus a stratified approach is required for assessment of patients presenting BMS. A BMS diagnosis protocol is desired using a standardised screening to distinguish BMS from patient’s presenting with ‘oral burning symptoms’, and evaluation of comorbid chronic pain disorders or other medical comorbidities, which will include haematological, fungal, salivary flow, and qualitative sensory testing. Axis II and other additional quantitative sensory testing may further elucidate the causes of this condition. For future BMS prediction and prevention, will be based upon research on the relationship between other chronic pain disorders and familial history, environmental and genetic information.

Burning Mouth Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 550
Author(s):  
Jae Won Chang ◽  
Chul-Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽  
Burning Mouth

scholarly journals Burning mouth syndrome - quality of life

BDJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 230 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-92
Author(s):  
Reena Wadia
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽  
Burning Mouth

scholarly journals Validation of Cognitive Rehabilitation as a Balance Rehabilitation Strategy in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Aida Arroyo-Ferrer ◽  
Francisco José Sánchez-Cuesta ◽  
Yeray González-Zamorano ◽  
María Dolores del Castillo ◽  
Carolina Sastre-Barrios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
The Impact

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. This disease is characterized by motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia, tremor, and rigidity. Although balance impairment is characteristic of advanced stages, it can be present with less intensity since the beginning of the disease. Approximately 60% of PD patients fall once a year and 40% recurrently. On the other hand, cognitive symptoms affect up to 20% of patients with PD in early stages and can even precede the onset of motor symptoms. There are cognitive requirements for balance and can be challenged when attention is diverted or reduced, linking a worse balance and a higher probability of falls with a slower cognitive processing speed and attentional problems. Cognitive rehabilitation of attention and processing speed can lead to an improvement in postural stability in patients with Parkinson’s. Methods: We present a parallel and controlled randomized clinical trial (RCT) to assess the impact on balance of a protocol based on cognitive rehabilitation focused on sustained attention through the NeuronUP platform (Neuronup SI, La Rioja, Spain) in patients with PD. For 4 weeks, patients in the experimental group will receive cognitive therapy three days a week while the control group will not receive any therapy. The protocol has been registered at trials.gov NCT04730466. Conclusions: Cognitive therapy efficacy on balance improvement may open the possibility of new rehabilitation strategies for prevention of falls in PD, reducing morbidity, and saving costs to the health care system.

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