Lack of Adverse Effects of Cold Physical Plasma-Treated Blood from Leukemia Patients: A Proof-of-Concept Study

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common blood malignancy with multiple therapeutic challenges. Cold physical plasma has been considered a promising approach in cancer therapy in recent years. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of cold plasma or plasma-treated solutions (PTS) on hematologic parameters in the whole blood of CLL patients. The mean red blood cell count, white blood cell (WBC) count, platelet and hemoglobin counts, and peripheral blood smear images did not significantly differ between treated and untreated samples in either CLL or healthy individuals. However, both direct plasma and indirect PTS treatment increased lipid peroxidation and RNS deposition in the whole blood of CLL patients and in healthy subjects. In addition, the metabolic activity of WBCs was decreased with 120 s of cold plasma or PTS treatment after 24 h and 48 h. However, cold plasma and PTS treatment did not affect the prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, nor hemolysis in either CLL patients or in healthy individuals. The present study identifies the components of cold plasma to reach the blood without disturbing the basic parameters important in hematology, confirming the idea that the effect of cold plasma may not be limited to solid tumors and possibly extends to hematological disorders. Further cellular and molecular studies are needed to determine which cells in CLL patients are targeted by cold plasma or PTS.

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Pseudohyperkalemia in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

International Journal of Nephrology ◽

10.4061/2011/759749 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Stephen I. Rifkin

Keyword(s):

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Blood Cell ◽

Mechanical Stress ◽

White Blood Cell ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Plasma Potassium ◽

Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Blood Potassium

Pseudohyperkalemia occurs occasionally in patients with extreme leukocytosis. Increased white blood cell fragility coupled with mechanical stress is felt to be causal. Serum and plasma potassium levels have been both associated with pseudohyperkalemia. Whole blood potassium determination will usually verify the correct diagnosis. It is important to diagnose this condition early so that patients are not inappropriately treated. Two patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and extreme leukocytosis are presented, one with pseudohyperkalemia and one with probable pseudohyperkalemia, and diagnostic considerations are discussed

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Risk Factors of White Blood Cell Progression Among Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

Cancer Informatics ◽

10.1177/11769351211069902 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. 117693512110699

Author(s):

Gedam Derbew Addisia ◽

Awoke Seyoum Tegegne ◽

Denekew Bitew Belay ◽

Mitiku Wale Muluneh ◽

Mahider Abere Kassaw

Keyword(s):

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Blood Cell ◽

White Blood Cell ◽

Blood Cells ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Bahir Dar ◽

Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital ◽

Wbc Count

Background: Leukemia is a type of cancers that start in the bone marrow and produce a serious number of abnormal white blood cells. Bleeding and bruising problems, fatigue, fever, and an increased risk of infection are among symptoms of the disease. The main objective of this study is to identify the determinant of the progression rate of white blood cells among patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital (FHRH), Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective study design was conducted on 312 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia at FHRH, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia under treatment from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019. A linear mixed-effects model was considered for the progression of the white blood cell data. Results: The estimated coefficient of the fixed effect intercept was 84.68, indicating that the average white blood cell (WBC) count of the patients was 84.68 at baseline time by excluding all covariates in the model ( P-value <.001). Male sex ( β = 2.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58, 0.5.25), age ( β = .17, 95% CI 0.08, 0.28), widowed/divorced marital status ( β = 3.30, 95% CI 0.03, 6.57), medium chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) stage ( β = −4.34, 95% CI −6.57, −2.68), high CLL stage ( β = −2.76, 95% CI −4.86, −0.67), hemoglobin ( β = .15, 95% CI 0.07, 0.22), platelet ( β = .09, 95% CI 0.02, 0.17), lymphocytes ( β = .16, 95% CI 0.03, 0.29), red blood cell (RBC) ( β = .17, 95% CI 0.09, 0.25), and follow-up time ( β = .27, 95% CI 0.19, 0.36) were significantly associated with the average WBC count of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Conclusions: The finding showed that age, sex, lymphocytic, stage of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, marital status, platelet, hemoglobin, RBC, and follow-up time were significantly associated with the average WBC count of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Therefore, health care providers should give due attention and prioritize those identified factors and give frequent counseling about improving the health of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients.

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Leukostasis aggravated by red blood cell transfusion in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient

American Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1093/ajcp/aqab191.347 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 156 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S162-S163

Author(s):

H Jum’ah ◽

M Chitsaz ◽

S Kundrapu

Keyword(s):

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Blood Cell ◽

Red Blood Cell ◽

Blood Viscosity ◽

Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Red Blood Cell Transfusion ◽

Blood Products ◽

Acute Leukemias ◽

Wbc Count ◽

Rbc Transfusion

Abstract Introduction/Objective Leukostasis/symptomatic hyperleukocytosis is commonly seen in acute leukemias and is characterized by high blast counts and symptoms of decreased tissue perfusion with a one-week mortality of 20-40%, if left untreated. It is a rare complication in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and is seen in CLL patients with white blood cell (WBC) counts > 500x10^9/L. Studies have shown that transfusion of blood products prior to decreasing the WBC count may lead to increased blood viscosity and worsen leukostasis. We report a CLL patient with a lower WBC count presenting with symptoms of leukostasis, further worsened by a red blood cell (RBC) transfusion prior to leukapheresis. Methods/Case Report A 73-year-old male with history of CLL for 5 years, hypertension and chronic kidney disease presented with acute dyspnea for 1 day. The WBC count was 208x10^9/L, hemoglobin was 6.5 g/dL, troponin I was 1.554 ng/mL, creatinine was 1.68 mg/dL and chest x-ray showed bilateral interstitial lung edema. The patient was diagnosed with acute hypoxic respiratory failure, acute kidney injury and myocardial infarction due to leukostasis. He received RBC transfusion, shortly after which his dyspnea worsened. There were no other signs or symptoms that could suggest a transfusion reaction. A single leukapheresis was performed following which there was a significant improvement in symptoms with a drop in WBC count to 123.1x10^9/L and creatinine to 1.3 mg/dL. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) NA Conclusion CLL may present with symptomatic hyperleukocytosis at lower leukocyte counts than has been described in the literature. Symptoms due to leukostasis can be precipitated/worsened by transfusion of blood products due to increased blood viscosity. It is critical to identify the signs and symptoms of this medical emergency as prompt diagnosis and management with leukapheresis significantly reduces the leukocyte count and blood products should be transfused slowly during or after leukapheresis.

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Performance of digital morphology analyzer Vision Pro on white blood cell differentials

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm-2020-1701 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Sumi Yoon ◽

Mina Hur ◽

Mikyoung Park ◽

Hanah Kim ◽

Seung Wan Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

White Blood Cell ◽

Blood Smear ◽

Peripheral Blood Smear ◽

Manual Count ◽

Digital Morphology ◽

Overall Efficiency ◽

Mean Differences ◽

Wbc Count ◽

Laboratory Workflow

Abstract Objectives Vision Pro (West Medica, Perchtoldsdorf, Austria) is a recently developed digital morphology analyzer. We evaluated the performance of Vision Pro on white blood cell (WBC) differentials. Methods In a total of 200 peripheral blood smear samples (100 normal and 100 abnormal samples), WBC preclassification and reclassification by Vision Pro were evaluated and compared with manual WBC count, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (H20-A2). Results The overall sensitivity was high for normal WBCs and nRBCs (80.1–98.0%). The overall specificity and overall efficiency were high for all cell classes (98.1–100.0% and 97.7–99.9%, respectively). The absolute values of mean differences between Vision Pro and manual count ranged from 0.01 to 1.31. In leukopenic samples, those values ranged from 0.09 to 2.01. For normal WBCs, Vision Pro preclassification and manual count showed moderate or high correlations (r=0.52–0.88) except for basophils (r=0.34); after reclassification, the correlation between Vision Pro and manual count was improved (r=0.36–0.90). Conclusions This is the first study that evaluated the performance of Vision Pro on WBC differentials. Vision Pro showed reliable analytical performance on WBC differentials with improvement after reclassification. Vision Pro could help improve laboratory workflow.

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Telomere length varies substantially between blood cell types in a reptile

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.192136 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 192136 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mats Olsson ◽

Nicholas J. Geraghty ◽

Erik Wapstra ◽

Mark Wilson

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Telomere Length ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Cell Types ◽

Tissue Type ◽

Telomeric Dna ◽

Blood Cell Type ◽

Widespread Phenomenon

Telomeres are repeat sequences of non-coding DNA-protein molecules that cap or intersperse metazoan chromosomes. Interest in telomeres has increased exponentially in recent years, to now include their ongoing dynamics and evolution within natural populations where individuals vary in telomere attributes. Phylogenetic analyses show profound differences in telomere length across non-model taxa. However, telomeres may also differ in length within individuals and between tissues. The latter becomes a potential source of error when researchers use different tissues for extracting DNA for telomere analysis and scientific inference. A commonly used tissue type for assessing telomere length is blood, a tissue that itself varies in terms of nuclear content among taxa, in particular to what degree their thrombocytes and red blood cells (RBCs) contain nuclei or not. Specifically, when RBCs lack nuclei, leucocytes become the main source of telomeric DNA. RBCs and leucocytes differ in lifespan and how long they have been exposed to ‘senescence' and erosion effects. We report on a study in which cells in whole blood from individual Australian painted dragon lizards ( Ctenophorus pictus ) were identified using flow cytometry and their telomere length simultaneously measured. Lymphocyte telomeres were on average 270% longer than RBC telomeres, and in azurophils (a reptilian monocyte), telomeres were more than 388% longer than those in RBCs. If this variation in telomere length among different blood cell types is a widespread phenomenon, and DNA for comparative telomere analyses are sourced from whole blood, evolutionary inference of telomere traits among taxa may be seriously complicated by the blood cell type comprising the main source of DNA.

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Association Between White Blood Cell Counts and Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in Chinese Hypertensive Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Angiology ◽

10.1177/00033197211021199 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 000331972110211

Author(s):

Buyun Jia ◽

Chongfei Jiang ◽

Yun Song ◽

Chenfangyuan Duan ◽

Lishun Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Blood Cell ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

White Blood Cell ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Wbc Count

Increased arterial stiffness is highly prevalent in patients with hypertension and is associated with cardiovascular (CV) risk. Increased white blood cell (WBC) counts may also be an independent risk factor for arterial stiffness and CV events. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between differential WBC counts and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in hypertensive adults. A total of 14 390 participants were included in the final analysis. A multivariate linear regression model was applied for the correlation analysis of WBC count and baPWV. Higher WBC counts were associated with a greater baPWV: adjusted β = 10 (95% CI, 8-13, P < .001). The same significant association was also found when WBC count was assessed as categories or quartiles. In addition, the effect of differential WBC subtypes, including neutrophil count and lymphocyte count on baPWV, showed the similar results. These findings showed that baPWV has positive associations with differential WBC counts in hypertensive adults.

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Monocyte CD163 and CD36 Expression in Human Whole Blood and Isolated Mononuclear Cell Samples: Influence of Different Anticoagulants

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00417-05 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 704-707 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Marcin Moniuszko ◽

Krzysztof Kowal ◽

Malgorzata Rusak ◽

Miroslawa Pietruczuk ◽

Milena Dabrowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Density Gradient ◽

Mononuclear Cell ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Cell Isolation ◽

Scavenger Receptors ◽

Published Data ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Human Whole Blood ◽

Cd36 Expression

ABSTRACT We investigated whether the choice of anticoagulant or the application of density gradient mononuclear cell isolation may account for conflicting published data regarding the levels of the scavenger receptors' expression in healthy individuals. We demonstrate that the detection of CD163, but not CD36, differs dramatically among the methods.

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Assessment of Donkey (Equus asinus africanus) Whole Blood Stored in CPDA-1 and CPD/SAG-M Blood Bags

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10020133 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 133

Author(s):

Isabella Oliveira Barros ◽

Rejane Santos Sousa ◽

Marcondes Dias Tavares ◽

Renato Otaviano Rêgo ◽

Paulo Ricardo Firmino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Blood Collection ◽

Blood Gas ◽

Blood Cell Count ◽

Animal Blood ◽

Equus Asinus ◽

Citrate Phosphate Dextrose ◽

Citrate Phosphate

Hemotherapy using whole blood and its components is being increasingly used in veterinary therapy. Since it is important to store animal blood while maintaining acceptable hematological, blood gas, and biochemical characteristics, increasing our knowledge of available technologies for strategic blood storage is imperative. Thus, we aimed to assess the hematological, blood gas, and biochemical changes in donkey whole blood using blood bags with two different types of storage agents. Eight adult healthy male donkeys were used; 900 mL of blood was collected from each, with 450 mL stored in citrate-phosphate-dextrose and adenine bags (CPDA-1) and 450 mL stored in bags containing citrate-phosphate-dextrose, adenine, mannitol, and sodium chloride (CPD/SAG-M). Both bags were kept refrigerated between 1 and 6 °C for 42 days. Blood samples were removed from the bags eight times (T): T0 (immediately after blood collection), T1, T3, T7, T14, T21, T35, and T42 (1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 35 and 42 days after storage). Hematological, blood gas, biochemical, and microbiological parameters were assessed. The CPDA-1 bags had a higher packed cell volume when compared to CPD/ SAG-M. The red blood cell count reduced by around 19% in both the bags due to hemolysis, which was confirmed by an increase in plasma hemoglobin. The white blood cell count; pH; concentrations of glucose, sodium, bicarbonate, and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate were reduced in both bags. Meanwhile, pO2, pCO2, lactate dehydrogenase, and levels of potassium increased in the CPDA-1 and CPD/SAG-M bags. Blood bags were efficient for the storage of donkey blood for up to 42 days.

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In vitro effects of temperature on red blood cell deformability and membrane stability in human and various vertebrate species

Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation ◽

10.3233/ch-211118 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Adam Attila Matrai ◽

Gabor Varga ◽

Bence Tanczos ◽

Barbara Barath ◽

Adam Varga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Red Blood Cell ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Mechanical Stability ◽

Cell Deformability ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

The Way ◽

Rbc Deformability

BACKGROUND: The effects of temperature on micro-rheological variables have not been completely revealed yet. OBJECTIVE: To investigate micro-rheological effects of heat treatment in human, rat, dog, and porcine blood samples. METHODS: Red blood cell (RBC) - buffer suspensions were prepared and immersed in a 37, 40, and 43°C heat-controlled water bath for 10 minutes. Deformability, as well as mechanical stability of RBCs were measured in ektacytometer. These tests were also examined in whole blood samples at various temperatures, gradually between 37 and 45°C in the ektacytometer. RESULTS: RBC deformability significantly worsened in the samples treated at 40 and 43°C degrees, more expressed in human, porcine, rat, and in smaller degree in canine samples. The way of heating (incubation vs. ektacytometer temperation) and the composition of the sample (RBC-PBS suspension or whole blood) resulted in the different magnitude of RBC deformability deterioration. Heating affected RBC membrane (mechanical) stability, showing controversial alterations. CONCLUSION: Significant changes occur in RBC deformability by increasing temperature, showing inter-species differences. The magnitude of alterations is depending on the way of heating and the composition of the sample. The results may contribute to better understanding the micro-rheological deterioration in hyperthermia or fever.

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Cytokine and Chemokine mRNA Expressions after Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific Antigen Stimulation in Whole Blood from Hemodialysis Patients with Latent Tuberculosis Infection

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11040595 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 595

Author(s):

Ji Young Park ◽

Sung-Bae Park ◽

Heechul Park ◽

Jungho Kim ◽

Ye Na Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Latent Tuberculosis ◽

Expression Level ◽

Mrna Expression Level ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Relative Mrna Expression ◽

Mrna Expression Levels

There have been few reports on the kinetics of hemodialyzed (HD) patients’ immune responses in latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Therefore, in the present study, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of nine immune markers were analyzed to discriminate between HD patients with LTBI and healthy individuals. Nine cytokines and chemokines were screened through relative mRNA expression levels in whole blood samples after stimulation with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific antigens from HD patients with LTBI (HD/LTBI), HD patients without LTBI, and healthy individuals, and results were compared with the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test. We confirmed that the C-C motif chemokine 11 (CCL11) mRNA expression level of the HD/LTBI group was significantly higher than the other two groups. Especially, the CCL11 mRNA expression level of the >0.7 IU/mL group in the QFT-GIT test was significantly higher than the <0.2 IU/mL group in the QFT-GIT test and the 0.2–0.7 IU/mL group in the QFT-GIT test (p = 0.0043). The present study reveals that the relative mRNA expression of CCL11 was statistically different in LTBI based on the current cut-off value (i.e., ≥0.35 IU/mL) and in the >0.7 IU/mL group. These results suggest that CCL11 mRNA expression might be an alternative biomarker for LTBI diagnosis in HD patients.

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