scholarly journals Effects of Minimalist Footwear and Foot Strike Pattern on Plantar Pressure during a Prolonged Running

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 506
Author(s):  
Marta Izquierdo-Renau ◽  
Roberto Sanchis-Sanchis ◽  
Jose I. Priego-Quesada ◽  
Alberto Encarnación-Martínez ◽  
Ana Queralt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Speed ◽  
Mean Pressure ◽  
Pressure Peak ◽  
Foot Strike ◽  
Running Mechanics ◽  
Lower Contact

The use of minimalist shoes (MS) in running involves changes in running mechanics compared to conventional shoes (CS), but there is still little research analysing the effects of this footwear on plantar pressure, which could help to understand some risk injury factors. Moreover, there are no studies examining the effects of a prolonged running and foot strike patterns on baropodometric variables in MS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the changes produced using MS on plantar pressure during a prolonged running, as well as its interaction with the time and foot strike pattern. Twenty-one experienced minimalist runners (age 38 ± 10 years, MS running experience 2 ± 1 years) ran with MS and CS for 30 min at 80% of their maximal aerobic speed, and mean pressure, peak pressure, contact time, centre of pressure velocity, relative force and contact area were analysed using a pressure platform. Foot strike pattern and time were also considered as factors. The multivariable linear regression mixed models showed that the use of MS induced, at the end of a prolonged running, higher peak pressure (p = 0.008), lower contact time (p = 0.004) and lower contact area (p < 0.001) than using CS. Also, runners with forefoot strike pattern using MS, compared to midfoot and rearfoot patterns, showed higher mean and peak pressure (p < 0.001) and lower contact time and area (p < 0.05). These results should be considered when planning training for runners using MS, as higher peak pressure values when using this type of footwear could be a risk factor for the development of some foot injuries.

scholarly journals Efeito de posturas estáticas e dinâmicas na distribuição da pressão nádega-almofada em um caso de tetraplegia por lesão medular/The effect of statistical and dynamic positions in the distribution of buttock-cushion pressure in a case of tetraplegia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-566
Author(s):  
Paulo Vinicius Braga Mendes ◽  
Daniel Marinho Cezar Da Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Interface Pressure ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Mean Pressure ◽  
Pressure Peak

Introdução: as úlceras por pressão são complicações frequentes em pacientes com lesão medular. Almofadas de ar são apontadas como as mais indicadas para aliviar a pressão de interface e prevenir úlceras. Objetivo: Analisar, em um caso de tetraplegia por lesão medular, o efeito da distribuição da pressão de interface nádega/almofada em posturas estáticas e dinâmicas e verificar se o uso de uma almofada nova interfere na distribuição da pressão. Método: A análise da pressão de interface foi realizada durante duas situações distintas: com o participante sentado em postura estática; e mais uma etapa utilizando a cadeira de rodas para a locomoção. Para a avaliação da pressão de interface foram utilizadas duas almofadas Roho® Quadtro Select High Profileâ„¢: uma em uso pela participante e outra fornecida pelos pesquisadores. Resultados: Foram analisados: pressão média, pico de pressão e área de contato na interface nádega/almofada nas duas etapas de coletas de dados. A almofada fornecida pelo estudo apresentou índices melhores para pressão média, pico de pressão e área de contato. Conclusão: O estudo traz evidências da importância de manter a calibração de almofadas para sujeitos lesados medulares para prevenção de úlceras de pressão. Abstract  Introduction: pressure ulcers are frequent complications in patients with spinal cord injury. Air cushions are appointed as the most appropriate to relieve the interface pressure and prevent pressure ulcers. Objective: To analyze the effect of the distribution of the buttock / cushion interface pressure under static and dynamic posture and check the use of a new cushion interferes with the pressure distribution in a case of tetraplegia after spinal cord injury. Method: Analysis of interface pressure was performed for two different situations, with the participant sitting in static and one more step using the wheelchair for locomotion. For the evaluation of interface pressure were used two Roho® Quadtro Select High Profile â„¢ cushions: one used by the participant and another provided by the researchers. Resulted: Was analyzed the mean pressure, peak pressure and the contact area in buttock/cushion in both data collect. The cushion provided by the study presented better indices for mean pressure, peak pressure and contact area. Conclusion: The study provides evidence of the importance of maintaining cushion calibration for spinal cord injured individuals to prevent pressure ulcers.Keywords: Cushion; Spinal Cord Injury; Assistive Technology. 

Changes in the Plantar Pressure Distribution During Gait Throughout Gestation

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Ribeiro ◽  
Francis Trombini-Souza ◽  
Isabel de Camargo Neves Sacco ◽  
Rodrigo Ruano ◽  
Marcelo Zugaib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background: The intention of this investigation was to longitudinally describe and compare the plantar pressure distribution in orthostatic posture and gait throughout pregnancy. Methods: A prospective longitudinal observational study was conducted with six pregnant women (mean ± SD age, 32 ± 3 years) with a mean ± SD weight gain of 10.0 ± 1.4 kg. Peak pressure, contact time, contact area, and maximum force in five plantar areas were evaluated using capacitive insoles during gait and orthostatic posture. For 1 year, the plantar pressures of pregnant women were evaluated the last month of each trimester. Comparisons among plantar areas and trimesters were made by analysis of variance. Results: For orthostatic posture, no differences in contact time, contact area, peak pressure, and maximum force throughout the trimesters were found. During gait, peak pressure and maximum force of the medial rearfoot were reduced from the first to third and second to third trimesters. Maximum force increased at the medial forefoot from the first to second trimester. Contact area increased at the lateral rearfoot from the second to third trimester and at the midfoot from the first to third trimester. Contact time increased at the midfoot and medial and lateral forefoot from the first to third trimester. Conclusions: Pregnant women do not alter plantar pressure during orthostatic posture, but, during gait, the plantar loads were redistributed from the rearfoot (decrease) to the midfoot and forefoot (increase) throughout pregnancy. These adjustments help maintain the dynamic stability of the pregnant woman during locomotion. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(5): 415–423, 2011)

Pressure Distribution in the Ankle and Subtalar Joint With Routine and Oversized Foot Orthoses

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 994-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Williamson ◽  
Aron Lechtig ◽  
Philip Hanna ◽  
Stephen Okajima ◽  
Peter Biggane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Subtalar Joint ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Pressure Mapping ◽  
Mean Pressure ◽  
Pressure Peak

Background: Foot orthoses are used to treat many disorders that affect the lower limb. These assistive devices have the potential to alter the forces, load distribution, and orientation within various joints in the foot and ankle. This study attempts to quantify the effects of orthoses on the intra-articular force distribution of the ankle and subtalar joint using a cadaveric testing jig to simulate weight bearing. Methods: Five lower-limb cadaveric specimens were placed on a custom jig, where a 334-N (75-lb) load was applied at the femoral head, and the foot was supported against a plate to simulate double-leg stance. Pressure-mapping sensors were inserted into the ankle and subtalar joint. Mean pressure, peak pressure, contact area, and center of force were measured in both the ankle and subtalar joints for barefoot and 2 medial foot orthosis conditions. The 2 orthosis conditions were performed using (1) a 1.5-cm-height wedge to simulate normal orthoses and (2) a 3-cm-height wedge to simulate oversized orthoses. Results: The contact area experienced in the subtalar joint significantly decreased during 3-cm orthotic posting of the medial arch, but neither orthosis had a significant effect on the spatial mean pressure or peak pressure experienced in either joint. Conclusion: The use of an oversized orthosis could lead to a decrease in the contact area and alterations in the distribution of pressure within the subtalar joint. Clinical Relevance: The use of inappropriate orthoses could negatively impact the force distribution in the lower limb.

The Effect of Toe Flexion Exercises on Grip

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Branthwaite ◽  
Gemma Grabtree ◽  
Nachiappan Chockalingam ◽  
Andrew Greenhalgh
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Force Contact

Background: Weakness of the toe flexor muscles has been attributed to the development of toe pathologies, and it responds well in the clinic to toe grip exercises. However, it is unknown whether exercising the toe flexor muscles improves the ability to grip and alter function. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of toe flexor exercises on apical plantar pressure, as a measure of grip, while seated and during gait. Methods: Twenty-three individuals with no known toe pathologies were recruited. Static peak pressure, time spent at peak pressure, and pressure-time integral while seated, as well as dynamic forefoot maximal force, contact area, and percentage contact time, were recorded before and after exercise. Toe grip exercises with a therapy ball were completed daily for 6 weeks. Results: Static peak pressure significantly increased after exercise on the apex of the second and third digits, as did the pressure-time integral. Dynamic peak force and contact area did not alter after exercise around the metatarsals and toes, yet percentage contact time significantly increased for each metatarsal after completing daily toe grip exercises. Conclusions: Exercises to improve the grip ability of the toes increased the static peak pressure on the apex of the second and third digits as well as the percentage contact time of the metatarsals during gait. The ability to increase apical peak pressure and contact time after exercises could assist in improving forefoot stability and gait efficiency and in reducing toe pathology progression.

scholarly journals The effect of medial arch support over the plantar pressure and triceps surae muscle strength after prolonged standing

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hindun Saadah ◽  
Deswaty Furqonita ◽  
Angela Tulaar
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Prolonged Standing ◽  
Triceps Surae Muscle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Arch Support

Background: The activity with prolonged standing position is one of the causes of abnormalities in the lower leg and foot. The aim of this study is to discover the effect of medial arch support over the distribution of plantar pressure when standing and walking.Methods: This was an experimental study with pre- and post-design the strength of triceps surae muscle after prolonged standing, was also evaluated in an experimental study with pre- and post-design. Variables of plantar pressure measurement are the contact area and pressure peak were measured by using the Mat-scan tool. The measurement of the triceps surae muscle strength was done with a hand-held dynamometer, before and after using the medial arch support. Measurement was performed before and after working with prolonged standing position which took place about seven hours using the medial arch support inserted in the shoes. Data was analyzed using paired T-test.Results: There was a significant difference of peak pressure between standing (p = 0.041) and walking (p = 0.001). Whereas the contact area showed a significant decrease in the width of the contact area when standing (104.12 ± 12.42 vs 99.08 ± 10.21 p = 0.023). Whereas, the triceps surae muscle strength pre- and post-standing prolonged did not indicate a significant difference.Conclusion: There was decrease in peak pressure when standing and walking and decrease in contact area when standing on plantar after used of the medial arch support after prolonged standing.

scholarly journals Elhízott populációra jellemző talpnyomásminták vizsgálata

2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (48) ◽  
pp. 1919-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonóra Leidecker ◽  
Péter Kellermann ◽  
Mónika Galambosné Tiszberger ◽  
Bálint Molics ◽  
Aliz Bohner-Beke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Foot Health ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plantar Area

Introduction: Although the role of body weight on foot health and load has been widely documented in research, the effect of the extra load due to body weight on plantar pressure characteristics is not well known. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of obesity on plantar pressure patterns among the working-age population. Method: 180 participants were involved. Two groups were evaluated according to body mass index categories regarding eight regions of the plantar area, focusing on the following parameters: contact area, maximum pressure and peak pressure. Results: Compared with non-obese subjects, the peak pressure was the highest on the midfoot (p<0.001) and the forefoot (p<0.001). Regarding the maximum force, significant statistical difference was detected on the toes (p<0.001), with a value lower among the obese group. The contact area on the total foot and the midfoot was lower among the non-obese subjects (p<0.001). Conclusions: Loading is greatly increasing on the whole plantar area, especially at the midfoot and the forefoot region. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(48), 1919–1925.

scholarly journals High-Intensity Running and Plantar-Flexor Fatigability and Plantar-Pressure Distribution in Adolescent Runners

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Fourchet ◽  
Luke Kelly ◽  
Cosmin Horobeanu ◽  
Heiko Loepelt ◽  
Redha Taiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Plantar Flexor ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Fatigue Index ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mean Pressure

Context: Fatigue-induced alterations in foot mechanics may lead to structural overload and injury. Objectives: To investigate how a high-intensity running exercise to exhaustion modifies ankle plantar-flexor and dorsiflexor strength and fatigability, as well as plantar-pressure distribution in adolescent runners. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: Academy research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Eleven male adolescent distance runners (age = 16.9 ± 2.0 years, height = 170.6 ± 10.9 cm, mass = 54.6 ± 8.6 kg) were tested. Intervention(s): All participants performed an exhausting run on a treadmill. An isokinetic plantar-flexor and dorsiflexor maximal-strength test and a fatigue test were performed before and after the exhausting run. Plantar-pressure distribution was assessed at the beginning and end of the exhausting run. Main Outcome Measure(s): We recorded plantar-flexor and dorsiflexor peak torques and calculated the fatigue index. Plantar-pressure measurements were recorded 1 minute after the start of the run and before exhaustion. Plantar variables (ie, mean area, contact time, mean pressure, relative load) were determined for 9 selected regions. Results: Isokinetic peak torques were similar before and after the run in both muscle groups, whereas the fatigue index increased in plantar flexion (28.1%; P = .01) but not in dorsiflexion. For the whole foot, mean pressure decreased from 1 minute to the end (−3.4%; P = .003); however, mean area (9.5%; P = .005) and relative load (7.2%; P = .009) increased under the medial midfoot, and contact time increased under the central forefoot (8.3%; P = .01) and the lesser toes (8.9%; P = .008). Conclusions: Fatigue resistance in the plantar flexors declined after a high-intensity running bout performed by adolescent male distance runners. This phenomenon was associated with increased loading under the medial arch in the fatigued state but without any excessive pronation.

scholarly journals Radiocapitellar joint pressures following transradial amputation increase during elbow motion

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Hoon Jo ◽  
Bong-Gun Lee ◽  
Chang-Hun Lee ◽  
Kwang-Hyun Lee ◽  
Dong-Hong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Forearm Rotation ◽  
Myoelectric Prosthesis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mean Pressure

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the contact area, mean pressure, and peak pressure of the radiocapitellar joint (RCJ) in the upper limb after transradial amputation with those of the normal upper limb during elbow flexion and forearm rotation. Testing was performed using ten fresh-frozen upper limbs, and the transradial amputation was performed 5 cm proximal to the radial styloid process. The specimens were connected to a custom-designed apparatus for testing. A pressure sensor was inserted into the RCJ. The biomechanical indices of the RCJ were measured during elbow flexion and forearm rotation in all specimens. There was no significant difference in the contact area between the normal and transradial amputated upper limbs. However, in the upper limbs after transradial amputation, the mean pressure was higher than that in the normal upper limbs at all positions of elbow flexion and forearm rotation. The peak pressure was significantly higher in the upper limbs after transradial amputation than in the normal upper limbs, and was especially increased during pronation at 45° of elbow flexion. In conclusion, these results could cause cartilage erosion in the RCJ of transradial amputees. Thus, methods to reduce the pressure of the RCJ should be considered when a myoelectric prosthesis is developed.

scholarly journals Impact of body weight on shifting of foot pressure among adult subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enas F. Youssef ◽  
Alsayed A. Shanb ◽  
Mariam A. Ameer ◽  
Mahmoud E. Shanab
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Group I ◽  
Walking Activity ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Obese Subjects

Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the distribution of foot plantar pressure between normal and obese adult subjects during walking. Methods: Sixty male and female adult volunteers (aged 20–40) were recruited into the study. They were equally divided into 30 normal subjects (BMI = 18.5–22.9 kg/cm2) into group I and 30 obese subjects (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/cm2) into group II, according to their BMI. Results: There were statistically significant differences between normal and obese subjects in foot length, width, and pressure distribution in the hindfoot, midfoot, forefoot, and toes. There was a statistically significant increase in the plantar pressure of all measured areas in obese persons in comparison with the normal subjects. In addition, all measures of foot pressure showed statistically significant differences between the same sex of both groups, while the obese subjects of both genders have higher foot pressure in all measured areas. High positive correlations were detected between BMI, peak pressure, foot contact, and foot width in both groups, but there was a weak positive correlation between normal BMI and foot contact area. Conclusion: The distribution of plantar foot pressure is different in adult obese subjects than in normal adult subjects during walking activity. The obese persons have larger foot length, width, higher peak pressure, and contact area. This study can help physical therapists to understand the differences of foot pressure between normal and obese subjects, and consequently, to detect any expected foot abnormalities accompanied by obesity.

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