Changes in the Plantar Pressure Distribution During Gait Throughout Gestation

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Ribeiro ◽  
Francis Trombini-Souza ◽  
Isabel de Camargo Neves Sacco ◽  
Rodrigo Ruano ◽  
Marcelo Zugaib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background: The intention of this investigation was to longitudinally describe and compare the plantar pressure distribution in orthostatic posture and gait throughout pregnancy. Methods: A prospective longitudinal observational study was conducted with six pregnant women (mean ± SD age, 32 ± 3 years) with a mean ± SD weight gain of 10.0 ± 1.4 kg. Peak pressure, contact time, contact area, and maximum force in five plantar areas were evaluated using capacitive insoles during gait and orthostatic posture. For 1 year, the plantar pressures of pregnant women were evaluated the last month of each trimester. Comparisons among plantar areas and trimesters were made by analysis of variance. Results: For orthostatic posture, no differences in contact time, contact area, peak pressure, and maximum force throughout the trimesters were found. During gait, peak pressure and maximum force of the medial rearfoot were reduced from the first to third and second to third trimesters. Maximum force increased at the medial forefoot from the first to second trimester. Contact area increased at the lateral rearfoot from the second to third trimester and at the midfoot from the first to third trimester. Contact time increased at the midfoot and medial and lateral forefoot from the first to third trimester. Conclusions: Pregnant women do not alter plantar pressure during orthostatic posture, but, during gait, the plantar loads were redistributed from the rearfoot (decrease) to the midfoot and forefoot (increase) throughout pregnancy. These adjustments help maintain the dynamic stability of the pregnant woman during locomotion. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(5): 415–423, 2011)

scholarly journals Generalized Joint Laxity Associated With Increased Medial Foot Loading in Female Athletes

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim D. Barber Foss ◽  
Kevin R. Ford ◽  
Gregory D. Myer ◽  
Timothy E. Hewett
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Joint Laxity ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Extremity Injury ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Generalized Joint Laxity ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship between generalized joint laxity and plantar pressure distribution of the foot and the potential implications for lower extremity injury have not been studied.Context: To determine the relationship between generalized joint laxity and dynamic plantar pressure distribution. We hypothesized that individuals with greater generalized joint laxity, or hypermobility, would have greater dynamic medial midfoot pressure and loading during walking than nonhypermobile individuals.Objective: Case control.Design: Institutional biomechanics laboratory.Setting: Participants included 112 female soccer players between 11 and 21 years of age.Patients or Other Participants: Each participant was tested for generalized joint laxity using the Beighton and Horan Joint Mobility Index (BHJMI; range, 0–9) and was categorized as having either high (BHJMI score ≥4) or low (BHJMI score <4) generalized joint laxity. Peak pressure and maximum force were calculated from a dynamic, barefoot plantar pressure distribution system.Main Outcome Measure(s): Peak pressure and maximum force were greater in the 27 participants categorized as having high generalized joint laxity than in the 85 participants categorized as having low generalized joint laxity. The midfoot region exhibited greater loading in participants with high generalized joint laxity than in the other participants. We found an effect of BHJMI classification in the medial midfoot; peak pressure in the dominant (F1,109  =  11.262, P  =  .001) and nondominant (F1,109  =  14.32, P < .001) sides and maximum force in the dominant (F1,109  =  7.88, P  =  .006) and nondominant (F1,109  =  9.18, P  =  .003) sides were greater in the high generalized joint laxity group than in the low generalized joint laxity group.Results: Athletes classified as having high generalized joint laxity demonstrated increased midfoot loading. Delineation of risk factors for medial collapse of the foot, which include hypermobility in athletes, may help clinicians evaluate and prevent lower extremity injury with treatments, such as orthoses.Conclusions:

The effects of calf muscles fatigue on dynamic plantar pressure distribution in normal foot posture and flexible flatfoot: A case-control study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Muge Kirmizi ◽  
Yesim Salik Sengul ◽  
Salih Angin
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Mixed Design ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Flexible Flatfoot ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Calf Muscles

BACKGROUND: Flexible flatfoot is associated with altered plantar pressure distribution, but it is not clear how muscle fatigue affects plantar pressure characteristics in flexible flatfoot and normal foot. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of calf muscles fatigue on plantar pressure variables in flexible flatfoot and normal foot. METHODS: Twenty-five people with flexible flatfoot and twenty-five people with normal foot were included. The unilateral heel-rise test was used to induce calf muscles fatigue. Plantar pressure variables were collected during preferred walking immediately before and after fatigue. The two-way mixed-design ANOVA was used to determine the main effect of fatigue and the interaction between foot posture and fatigue. RESULTS: Fatigue causes medialization of the contact area under the forefoot and the maximum force under the heel and forefoot (p< 0.05). When examining the differences in the effects of fatigue between groups, the contact area under the medial heel increased with fatigue in flexible flatfoot but decreased in normal foot; moreover, the contact area and maximum force under the midfoot and the maximum force under the third metatarsal decreased with fatigue in flexible flatfoot but increased in normal foot (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Calf muscles fatigue causes medialization of the maximum force and contact area. Especially the midfoot was affected differently by fatigue in flexible flatfoot and normal foot.

Mechanisms of Gait Adaptation in Overweight Pregnant Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Pauk ◽  
Dagna Swinarska ◽  
Kristina Daunoraviciene
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Gait Adaptation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Reaction Forces

Background Pregnancy is a period when a woman's body undergoes changes. The purpose of this study was to analyze the mechanisms of gait adaptation in overweight pregnant women regarding spatiotemporal gait parameters, ground reaction forces, and plantar pressure distribution. Methods The tests were performed in 29 normal-weight pregnant women and 26 pregnant women who were overweight before pregnancy. The measurements included spatiotemporal gait parameters, in-shoe plantar pressure distribution, and ground reaction forces during gestation. Results The results indicate that both normal-weight and overweight pregnant women make use of the same spatiotemporal gait parameters to increase body stability and safety of movement during pregnancy. The double-step duration in the third trimester of pregnancy was higher in normal-weight and overweight pregnant women compared with in the first trimester (P &lt; .05). A significant change in pressure amplitude was found under all anatomical parts of the foot in the third trimester (P &lt; .05). The results also suggest a higher increase in the maximum amplitude of force in overweight pregnant women in the third trimester compared with the normal-weight group. Conclusions This study suggests that both normal-weight and overweight pregnant women use different mechanisms of gait adaptation during pregnancy. In practice, understanding the biomechanical changes in women's gait can protect the musculoskeletal system during gestation.

scholarly journals The Combination of Modified Mitchell’s Osteotomy and Shortening Oblique Osteotomy for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Analysis of Changes in Plantar Pressure Distribution

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 9948
Author(s):  
Hyunho Lee ◽  
Hajime Ishikawa ◽  
Tatsuaki Shibuya ◽  
Chinatsu Takai ◽  
Tetsuya Nemoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Joint Deformity ◽  
Oblique Osteotomy ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Joint Preserving Surgery

The present study aims to evaluate changes in plantar pressure distribution after joint-preserving surgery for rheumatoid forefoot deformity. A retrospective study was performed on 26 feet of 23 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who underwent the following surgical combination: modified Mitchell’s osteotomy (mMO) of the first metatarsal and shortening oblique osteotomy of the lateral four metatarsals. Plantar pressure distribution and clinical background parameters were evaluated preoperatively and one year postoperatively. A comparison of preoperative and postoperative values indicated a significant improvement in the visual analog scale, Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot scale, and radiographic parameters, such as the hallux valgus angle. A significant increase in peak pressure was observed at the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) (0.045 vs. 0.082 kg/cm2; p < 0.05) and a significant decrease at the second and third MTPJs (0.081 vs. 0.048 kg/cm2; p < 0.05, 0.097 vs. 0.054 kg/cm2; p < 0.05). While overloading at the lateral metatarsal heads following mMO has been reported in previous studies, no increase in peak pressure at the lateral MTPJs was observed in our study. The results of our study show that this surgical combination can be an effective and beneficial surgical combination for RA patients with mild to moderate joint deformity.

scholarly journals High-Intensity Running and Plantar-Flexor Fatigability and Plantar-Pressure Distribution in Adolescent Runners

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Fourchet ◽  
Luke Kelly ◽  
Cosmin Horobeanu ◽  
Heiko Loepelt ◽  
Redha Taiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Plantar Flexor ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Fatigue Index ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mean Pressure

Context: Fatigue-induced alterations in foot mechanics may lead to structural overload and injury. Objectives: To investigate how a high-intensity running exercise to exhaustion modifies ankle plantar-flexor and dorsiflexor strength and fatigability, as well as plantar-pressure distribution in adolescent runners. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: Academy research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Eleven male adolescent distance runners (age = 16.9 ± 2.0 years, height = 170.6 ± 10.9 cm, mass = 54.6 ± 8.6 kg) were tested. Intervention(s): All participants performed an exhausting run on a treadmill. An isokinetic plantar-flexor and dorsiflexor maximal-strength test and a fatigue test were performed before and after the exhausting run. Plantar-pressure distribution was assessed at the beginning and end of the exhausting run. Main Outcome Measure(s): We recorded plantar-flexor and dorsiflexor peak torques and calculated the fatigue index. Plantar-pressure measurements were recorded 1 minute after the start of the run and before exhaustion. Plantar variables (ie, mean area, contact time, mean pressure, relative load) were determined for 9 selected regions. Results: Isokinetic peak torques were similar before and after the run in both muscle groups, whereas the fatigue index increased in plantar flexion (28.1%; P = .01) but not in dorsiflexion. For the whole foot, mean pressure decreased from 1 minute to the end (−3.4%; P = .003); however, mean area (9.5%; P = .005) and relative load (7.2%; P = .009) increased under the medial midfoot, and contact time increased under the central forefoot (8.3%; P = .01) and the lesser toes (8.9%; P = .008). Conclusions: Fatigue resistance in the plantar flexors declined after a high-intensity running bout performed by adolescent male distance runners. This phenomenon was associated with increased loading under the medial arch in the fatigued state but without any excessive pronation.

Obesity is Associated With Altered Plantar Pressure Distribution in Older Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Gonçalves Ricci Neri ◽  
André Bonadias Gadelha ◽  
Ana Luiza Matias Correia ◽  
Juscélia Cristina Pereira ◽  
Ana Cristina de David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Peak Plantar Pressure ◽  
Gynoid Fat

Increased plantar pressure has been found to be related with greater risk of falling. Although there is evidence suggesting that obesity is linked to foot disorders, the association between obesity and plantar pressure of older adults has been poorly investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between obesity and plantar pressure distribution and to explore its relationship with body fat distribution. Two hundred and eleven older women took part in this cross-sectional study. Body mass index was taken for obesity classification. Whole body, android, and gynoid fat percentage was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Peak plantar pressure was evaluated during gait using an Emed AT-4 pressure platform. Obese volunteers generated greater peak pressure at midfoot (187.26 kPa) compared to both normal weight (128.52 kPa, p < .001) and overweight (165.74 kPa, p < .001). Peak plantar pressure at midfoot was also greater in overweight compared to normal weight (p < .001). At forefoot, peak pressure was higher in the obese (498.15 kPa) compared to normal weight volunteers (420.41 kPa, p = .007). Additionally, whole body, android, and gynoid fat percentage were significantly associated with peak pressure at midfoot and forefoot. Therefore, clinicians dealing with falls should consider the effect of increased body weight on plantar pressure.

scholarly journals Design and Preliminary Validation of Individual Customized Insole for Adults with Flexible Flatfeet Based on the Plantar Pressure Redistribution

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1780
Author(s):  
Yangzheng Jiang ◽  
Duojin Wang ◽  
Jiming Ying ◽  
Pengfei Chu ◽  
Yu Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Preliminary Validation ◽  
Practical Evaluation ◽  
Characteristic Points ◽  
Stance Time ◽  
Orthotic Insoles

Flatfoot is a common musculoskeletal deformity. One of the most effective treatments is to wear individually customized plantar pressure-based insoles to help users change the abnormally distributed pressure on the pelma. However, most previous studies were divided only into several plantar areas without detailed plantar characteristic analysis. In this study, a new insole is designed which redistributes pressure following the analysis of characteristic points of plantar pressure, and practical evaluation during walking of subjects while wearing the insole. In total, 10 subjects with flexible flatfeet have participated in the performance of gait experiments by wearing flat insoles, orthotic insoles, and plantar pressure redistribution insoles (PPRI). The results showed that the stance time of PPRI was significantly lower than that of the flat insoles under slow gait. PPRI in the second to third metatarsal and medial heel area showed better unloading capabilities than orthotic insoles. In the metatarsal and heel area, the PPRI also had its advantage in percentage of contact area compared to flat insole and orthotic insole. The results prove that PPRI improves the plantar pressure distribution and gait efficiency of adults with flexible flatfeet, and can be applied into clinical application.

scholarly journals An exploration of changes in plantar pressure distributions during walking with standalone and supported lateral wedge insole designs

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin T. F. Tse ◽  
Michael B. Ryan ◽  
Jason Dien ◽  
Alex Scott ◽  
Michael A. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Arch Support ◽  
Knee Joint Load ◽  
Joint Load

Abstract Background Lateral wedge insoles (LWI), standalone or with medial arch support (supported-LWI), have been thoroughly investigated for their effects on modifying gait biomechanics for people with knee osteoarthritis. However, plantar pressure distribution between these insole types has not been investigated and could provide insight towards insole prescription with concomitant foot symptoms taken into consideration. Methods In a sample of healthy individuals (n = 40), in-shoe plantar pressure was measured during walking with LWI, with or without medial arch support (variable- and uniform-stiffness designs), and a flat control insole condition. Pressure data from the plantar surface of the foot were divided into seven regions: medial/lateral rearfoot, midfoot, medial/central/lateral forefoot, hallux. Plantar pressure outcomes assessed were the medial-lateral pressure index (MLPI) for the whole foot, and the peak pressure, pressure-time integral (PTI), and contact area in each plantar region. Comfort in each insole condition was rated as a change relative to the flat control insole condition. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were calculated to compare the plantar pressure outcomes between insole conditions. Results Regionally, medial rearfoot and forefoot pressure were reduced by all wedged insoles, with the variable-stiffness supported-wedge showing greater reductions than the standalone wedge. Lateral rearfoot and forefoot pressure were reduced by both supported-LWI, but unchanged by the standalone wedge. In the midfoot, the standalone wedge maintained pressure but reduced regional contact area, while both supported-LWI increased midfoot pressure and contact area. All LWI increased the MLPI, indicating a lateral shift in plantar pressure distribution throughout the weightbearing phase of gait. Comfort ratings were not significantly different between insole conditions. Conclusions Regional differences in plantar pressure may help determine an appropriate lateral wedge insole variation to avoid exacerbation of concomitant foot symptoms by minimizing pressure in symptomatic regions. Lateral shifts in plantar pressure distribution were observed in all laterally wedged conditions, including one supported-LWI that was previously shown to be biomechanically ineffective for modifying knee joint load distribution. Thus, shifts in foot centre of pressure may not be a primary mechanism by which LWI can modify knee joint load distribution for people with knee osteoarthritis.

The Relationship of the Heel Pad Compressibility and Plantar Pressure Distribution

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 662-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulunay Kanatli ◽  
Haluk Yetkin ◽  
Aykin Simsek ◽  
Koksal Besli ◽  
Akif Ozturk
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Heel Pain ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heel Pad ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Compressibility Index ◽  
And Control

Loss of heel pad elasticity has been suggested as one of the possible explanations of heel pain. This study aimed to determine the effect of heel pad thickness and its compressibility to heel pressure distribution, in 47 (94 feet) normal subjects and 59 (94 feet) patients with heel pain, using radiological measurements and EMED-SF (Novel, Munich) plantar pressure distribution measurement system. Both heels of the patients and control group were radiographed with and without weight bearing. The ratio of the heel pad thickness in loading to unloading position was defined as “the heel pad compressibility index.” The plantar peak pressure of the heel was measured at heel strike phase of the gait cycle. The compressibility index for control and patient groups were found to be 0.60 and 0.69, respectively. The peak pressure under the heel pad was recorded to be 28.4 N/cm2 for patients and 31.7 N/cm2 for control group. No significant difference was found for heel pad compressibility index and heel pad pressures between patient and control groups (p>0.05). This study revealed that there is no relationship between heel pad compressibility and pressure distribution of the heel pad both in control and patient group. We feel the flexibility of the heel pad does not have any influence on heel pain syndromes.

The effect of prefabricated and proprioceptive foot orthoses on plantar pressure distribution in patients with flexible flatfoot during walking

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Aminian ◽  
Zahra Safaeepour ◽  
Mahboobeh Farhoodi ◽  
Abbas Farjad Pezeshk ◽  
Hassan Saeedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Flexible Flatfoot ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Foot Orthosis

Background:Previous studies have suggested that orthoses with different constructions could alter gait parameters in flexible flatfoot. However, there is less evidence about the effect of insoles with proprioceptive mechanism on plantar pressure distribution in flatfoot.Objectives:To assess the effect of orthoses with different mechanisms on plantar pressure distribution in subjects with flexible flatfoot.Study Design:Quasi-experimental.Methods:In total, 12 flatfoot subjects were recruited for this study. In-shoe plantar pressure in walking was measured by Pedar-X system under three conditions including wearing the shoe only, wearing the shoe with a proprioceptive insole, and wearing the shoe with a prefabricated foot insole.Results:Using the proprioceptive insoles, maximum force was significantly reduced in medial midfoot, and plantar pressure was significantly increased in the second and third rays (0.94 ± 0.77 N/kg, 102.04 ± 28.23 kPa) compared to the shoe only condition (1.12 ± 0.88 N/kg and 109.79 ± 29.75 kPa). For the prefabricated insole, maximum force was significantly higher in midfoot area compared to the other conditions ( p < 0.05).Conclusions:Construction of orthoses could have an effect on plantar pressure distribution in flatfeet. It might be considered that insoles with sensory stimulation alters sensory feedback of plantar surface of foot and may lead to change in plantar pressure in the flexible flatfoot.Clinical relevanceBased on the findings of this study, using orthoses with different mechanisms such as proprioceptive intervention might be a useful method in orthotic treatment. Assessing plantar pressure can also be an efficient quantitative outcome measure for clinicians in evidence-based foot orthosis prescription.

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